Oral diseases

Question 1

Actinomycosis - lumpy jaw
Aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment

Answer 1

Aetiology
* Actinomyces bovis
* Gram + anaerobic

Pathology
* Osteomyelitis

Clinical presentation
* Hard, immobile lesion (differentiate from local abscess), often unilateral
* Chronicswelling, abscesses, fistulous tracts, fibrosis, painful

Diagnosis
* Clinical signs
* Microscopic examination

Prognosis
* Good/guarded
* Early treatment is often successful

Treatment
* Antibiotics: procaine benzylpenicillin

Question 2

Actinobacillosis - wooden tongue
Aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment

Answer 2

Aetiology
* Actinobacillus lignieresii, Gram -

Pathology
* Granulomatous infection

Clinical presentation
* Swollen tongue, salivation and reluctant to eat/drink
* Can also affect the skin, oesophageal groove, rumen walletc

Diagnosis
* Clinical signs
* Acute lesions: culture, histopathology

Prognosis
* Good/guarded

Treatment
* Early treatment is often successful
* Antibiotics: penicillin (high doses)

Question 3

Calf diphteria - laryngeal necrobacillosis
Aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment

Answer 3

Aetiology
* Fusobacteriumnecrophorum (Gram-)
* Co-infections P. multocida & T.pyogenes

Clinical presentation
* Halitosis
* Cough
* +/- pyrexia
* Difficulty swallowing

Diagnosis
* Clinical signs

Prognosis
* Good/guarded

Treatment
* NSAID or steroids
* Antibiotics: oxytetracycline, procaine penicillin, florfenicol

Question 4

Bovine papilloma virus
Aetiology, clinical presentation, treatment, public health

Answer 4

Aetiology
* Papillomavirus

Clinical presentation
* Wart-like proliferation around muzzle, neck, trunk

Treatment
* Self-limiting
* Autogenous vaccination is possible

Public health
* Zoonotic disease (minor)

Question 5

Contagious pustural dermatitis (ORF)
Aetiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention/treatment

Answer 5

Aetiology
* ORF virus (parapoxvirus)
* Also called contagious ecthyma, scabby mouth

Epidemiology
* Morbidity often reaches 60– 80% in a susceptible group; mortality rarely exceeds 1%
* Survival in wool up to 17 years!

Clinical presentation
* Non-pruritic ulceration around the lips and teats
* Sometime (oral ulcer)
* Secondary infection
* Transient lesion 3-4 weeks (majority of cases)

Diagnosis
* Clinical signs
* Retardation growth

Prognosis
* Good; rarely fatal

Prevention/Treatment
* Isolate animal
* Vaccination
* -/+ NSAID
* Secondary infection: Antibiotic