Oral Conscious Sedation I Flashcards
Sedative agents cross what barrier?
Blood-brain
Cause delayed gastric emptying.
Scleroderma and Amyloidosis
Fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
Bioavailability
Can you titrate oral meds?
No- only IV
These molecules diffuse more readily.
Nonpolar, lipid-soluble molecules
Diffusion where molecules move from high to low concentration.
Passive diffusion
Ions pair up to form a neutral complex that can enter the cell by passive diffusion.
Ion pair transport
Engulfment by the cell membrane/internalization.
Pinocytosis
These bind to the drug.
A high degree of binding to these will keep the drug in the body longer, and the drug will have a greater effect.
Plasma proteins
Lipid soluble drugs stay in the body of ____ people longer.
Fat
Well-perfused organs.
Brain, heart, liver, kidneys
Metabolism involves making drugs polar or nonpolar?
polar, water-soluble so they can be excreted
Where most agents are metabolized.
Liver
Phase I reactions involve
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
(Breaking down the drug).
Phase II reactions
Conjugation
When the drug is combined with glucuronic acid to make it more water soluble.
Conjugation
Most drugs are eliminated thru this organ.
Kidney
Stages of Anesthesia
I - Analgesia
II - Delirium/Excitement
III - Surgical Anesthesia
IV - Medullary Paralysis
Type of sedation where
- there’s a minimally depressed level of consciousness.
- Cognition and coordination are modestly impaired.
- Ventilatory and cardiovascular functions are UNimpaired.
Minimal sedation
Sedation in which there’s a drug-induced depression of cosnciousness during which patients respond purposedully to verbal commands alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation.
Moderate sedation
Sedation that may require assistance in maintaining a patent airway and spontaneous ventilation may be inadequate.
Patients cannot be easily aroused.
Deep sedation
Oxyhemoglobin absorbs light at what wavelength?
990 nm
Deoxyhemoglobin absorbs light at what wavelength?
660 nm
What do you want oxygen saturation to be in a person?
> 95%
