Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Pharynx

Question 1

Briefly list the functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

1) . Ingestion
2) . Mastication
3) . Deglutition (swallowing)
4) . Propulsion - Peristalsis and Segmentation
5) . Mechanical Digestion
6) . Chemical Digestion
7) . Absorption
8) . Deification

Question 2

Describe the bones and structures that form the boundaries of the oral cavity

Answer 2

SAVE

Question 3

Briefly describe the functional anatomy of the 4 primary muscles of mastication

Answer 3

SAVE

Question 4

Briefly describe the teeth

Answer 4

SAVE

Question 5

Describe the functional anatomy and clinical implications of the cheeks, lips, floor of mouth, tongue, salivary glands and palate

Answer 5

SAVE

Question 6

Describe the different parts of the pharynx, their internal features and functions

Answer 6

SAVE

Question 7

Describe the functional anatomy and skeletal attachments of the pharyngeal fascia and muscles (constrictors and elevators)

Answer 7

SAVE

Question 8

Describe the anatomy of the pharyngeal and lingual tonsils

Answer 8

SAVE

Question 9

Describe the neural supply of the pharynx

Answer 9

SAVE

Question 10

Describe, anatomically, the sequence of swallowing

Answer 10

SAVE

Question 11

Describe the major differences in oral cavity, pharynx and larynx anatomy of infants and adults

Answer 11

SAVE

Question 12

What makes up the digestive tract?

Answer 12

The digestive tract is comprised of;

The GI Tract - The Oral Cavity, Pharync, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anal Canal

Associated Organs - Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Question 13

What 2 compartments make up the oral cavity and what are their boundaries?

Answer 13

Oral Vestibule - space between teeth, gums (internally) and lips + cheek externally

Oral Cavity proper - Deep to the teeth (anteriorly and laterally), location of the anterior tongue, bound posteriorly by the palatoglossal folds

Question 14

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

Answer 14

Mastication and initiate swallowing (so increase surface area)

Saliva production;

• Antimicrobial defense
• Digestion
• Lubrication of food bolus

Question 15

Describe the anatomy of the lips?

Answer 15

The lips are

• externally lined with skin
• Vermillion Border (Red Zone as is poorly keratinised and rich in blood vessels) is between the skin and mucous membrane
• Internally lined with oral mucosa with small labial glands (they are minor salivary glands) that open into the oral vestibule
• The lips also have a dense innervation making them sensitive to light touch so you don’t put anything sharp past them!

Question 16

Name the 6 features of the mandible and their functions ?

Answer 16

Anterior to posterior;

• Sublingual fossa for the sublingual gland
• Myohyoid line for the attachment of mylohyoid muscle
• Submandibular fossa for the submandibular gland
• Retromolar fossa for the attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe
• Mandibular foramen -> Mandibular canal -> Mental foramen; For the inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve to mandibular teeth
• Lingula of Mandible - attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament

** INSERT PIC **

Question 17

What regions are teeth described in and what teeth does each region have?

Answer 17

4 Regions;

• Left / Right
• Maxillarry / Mandibular

Each Region;

• 2x Incisors
• 1x Canine
• 2x Premolars
• 3x Molars

32 teeth in total

Question 18

What teeth do baby have?

Answer 18

2 incisors, 1 Canine & 2 Molars

Question 19

What nerves supply the teeth and gums?

Answer 19

Upper teeth and gums - posterior/middle/ anterior superior alveolar, greater palatine and nasopalatine branches of the maxillary division (CN-V2) of the trigerminal nerve
(upper teeth are part of the palate so nasopalatine and greater palatine nerve)

Lower teeth and gums - inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular division (CN-V3) of the trigerminal nerve

(Alveolar means cavity in Latin, teeth can have cavities!)

Question 20

What is the function of the trigerminal nerve?

Answer 20

The trigeminal nerve is the largest and most complex of the 12 cranial nerves (CNs). It supplies sensations to the face, mucous membranes, and other structures of the head. It is the motor nerve for the muscles of mastication and contains proprioceptive fibers.

Question 21

What are the 4 muscles of mastication and their role?

Answer 21

Medial pterygoid, Masseter, Temporalis and lateral pterygoid - they are all supplied by the mandibular division (V3) of the trigerminal nerve (CN V).

They all close the mouth but only the Lateral Pterygoid also opens the mouth

Question 22

What are the 6 layers that make up the cheek (Buccae)?

Answer 22

From superficial to deep;

• Skin
• Buccal fat pad
• Buccopharyngeal Fascia
• Buccinator Muscle
• Buccal Glands
• Mucous membrane

Question 23

Why is the Buccal fat pad thicker in children?

Answer 23

To enhance the sucking capability of an infant

Question 24

What are the attachments of the Buccinator muscle

Answer 24

• Maxilla (superiorly)
• Pterygomandibular raphe (posteriorly where it fuses with the superior pharyngeal constrictor)
• Orbicularis Oris (anteriorly where thee fibres terminated in both lips contributing to the Orbicularis Oris muscle)
• Mandible (inferiorly)

Question 25

What nerves supplies the sensory supply to the cheek and lips?

Answer 25

LIMB;

• Lingual nerve (Mandibular branch V3) supplies the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
• Infraorbital nerve (Maxillary branch V2) supplies medial cheek and upper lip
• Mental Nerve branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (Mandibular branch V3) supplies the chin and lower lip
• Buccal Nerve (Mandibular branch V3) supplies the rest of the cheek