Oral Cavity & Pharynx Flashcards
1
Q
If “tensor” is in the name of the nerve, it is a branch of CN V3, unless ________, _____, or _______ are also in the name.
A
palato, palati, glossus
2
Q
The word palato in the name of a nerve without “glossus” means that the innervation is from _____.
A
CN X
3
Q
CN VII is an _____ derivative and has ______ function
A
arch 2, sensory and motor
4
Q
CN IX is an _____ derivative
A
arch 3
5
Q
CN XII is a derivative of _______ and has _____ function
A
occipital somites, motor
6
Q
the area enclosed by the upper and lower dental arches and opening posteriorly into the oropharynx is called ________
A
oral cavity proper
7
Q
_______ is covered in stratified squamous epithelium and overlies the lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
A
oral mucosa
8
Q
The ________ is a dense connective tissue layer deep to lamina propria and anchored to the bone by periosteum
A
oral submucosa
9
Q
The 3 types of oral mucosa, their makeup, and their location are:
A
masticatory —> keritinized/parakeritinized, gingiva and hard palate
Lining —> nonkeritinized; lips, cheek, soft palate, ventral tongue
Specialized —> dorsal tongue, papillae and taste buds
10
Q
The core of orbicularis oris houses this structure:
A
VN VII
11
Q
The ______ is the junction between keratinized and non keratinized tissue in the bottom lip
A
vermillion border
12
Q
________ is often due to the cold, disease, or a drug reaction and restricts blood flow.
A
peripheral cyanosis
13
Q
Blood supply to the lips:
A
superior and inferior labial arteries from facial artery
14
Q
A patient presents with a lesion on his medial lower lip which appears cancerous. Which lymph nodes are the main concern for metastasis?
A
submental nodes
15
Q
All areas of lips except median lower lip drain to the
A
submental nodes
16
Q
Blood supply to the cheeks is via _________ and ________
A
buccal branches of maxillary artery, facial artery
17
Q
venous drainage of the cheeks is via ______ and ________ to the cavernous sinus
A
facial vein, pterygoid plexus
18
Q
lymph drainage of cheeks is via ______ nodes to the ________
A
buccal nodes, submandibular nodes
19
Q
The blood supply of the upper teeth are these 3 arteries:
A
anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar (via maxillary artery)
20
Q
The upper and lower teeth are ______ derivatives
A
arch 1
21
Q
Sensory innervation for upper teeth is ____ via ________
A
somatic afferent, superior alveolar nerves (CN V2)
22
Q
The arterial supply of the lower teeth is provided by _________
A
inferior alveolar arteries (via maxillary artery)
23
Q
Sensory innervation of lower teeth is ___ and is provided by _______ via ______
A
SA, inferior alveolar nerves, CN V3
24
Q
Teeth are all anchored to the alveolar bone by ________
A
periodontal ligament
25
Enamel is secreted by _______, while dentin is secreted by __________, and cementum is secreted by _________.
ameloblasts, odontoblasts, cementoblasts
26
gums of bottom row of first 5 teeth innervated by ___________ nerve
mental branch of inferior alveolar
27
gums of bottom back 3 teeth innervated by
buccal branch of inferior alveolar nerve
28
Bottom first 3.5 teeth innervated by
incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve
29
Bottom back 4.5 teeth innervated by
dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve
30
lower jaw entirely innervated by this cranial nerve
CN V3
31
upper mouth entirely innervated by this cranial nerve
CN V2
32
The _____ nerve and the _______ artery exit from the incisive canal in the very front of the hard palate
nasopalatine (CN V2), sphenopalatine
33
The top first 3 teeth are innervated by the ________ nerve, the middle 2.5 teeth are innervated by the ______ nerve, and the back 2.5 teeth are innervated by the _______ nerve.
anterior superior alveolar, middle superior alveolar, posterior superior alveolar
34
The hard palate is innervated by the _______ and the _______ nerves
nasopalatine, greater palatine
35
The soft palate is innervated by the ________, which is ___
lesser palatine nerve, somatic afferent
36
The blood supply of the hard palate is made up of the _______ and the _______ arteries which stem from the _______ artery.
sphenopalatine, greater palatine, maxillary
37
The blood supply of the soft palate is made up of the ________ from the ________, and the __________ from the _________.
lesser palatine artery, maxillary artery, ascending palatine artery, facial artery
38
Lymph flow from the hard and soft palate flows to the ______
superior deep cervical nodes
39
_________ muscle anchors at the scaphoid fossa and the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube and attaches at the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini
40
The innervation of the tensor veli palatini is the ________ nerve
mandibular nerve (CN V3)
41
The __________ muscle anchors at the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube and the petrous portion of the temporal bone and attaches to the soft palate. It is innervated by the ______ nerve.
levator veli palatini, vagus CN X
42
The _________ muscle is innervated by CN X and protects the nasopharynx during swallowing
musculus uvulae
43
The submandibular gland wraps around the _________ and empties into the submandibular duct which runs over the top of the __________ and empties into the ____________
mylohyoid muscle, lingual nerve, sublingual caruncle
44
The sublingual gland is deep to the __________ and empties via multiple direct ducts to ____________. It’s secretions are all from ________ glands.
mucosa in floor of mouth, sublingual caruncle, mucus
45
The submandibular and sublingual glands are supplied by ___________ innervation.
parasympathetic
46
Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual glands is provided from _____ via ________ to _______ nerve to synapse on ____________.
CN VII, chorda tympani, lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion
47
Postganglionic innervation to the submandibular and lingual glands is only direct for the __________ gland and either via hitchhiking on lingual nerve or via direct branches to _______ gland.
submandibular, sublingual
48
The foramen cecum in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is a remnant of the ________
thyroglossal duct
49
Posterior 1/3 of tongue is separated from epiglottis by __________ and is covered by the _________.
valleculae, lingual tonsil
50
The dorsal surface of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is __________ epithelium, while the ventral surface is ___________ epithelium.
keratinized, non-keratinized
51
The whole surface of the tongue both dorsally and ventrally is made up of __________ epithelium. The dorsal side also has specialized mucosa called _______. _________ are specialized epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium, papillae, taste buds
52
___________ glands produce secretions which clear the clefts of the papillae of the tongue, and enhance taste.
lingual salivary (Von Ebner’s) glands
53
taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue innervated via ______ via ________ to ____ and these taste buds are arch __ derivatives. These are ___ fibers
lingual nerve, chorda tympani, CN VII, 2, VA
54
somatic sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue innervated via _______ to ____ and are arch __ derivatives. They are ______ fibers
lingual nerve, CN V3, arch 2, SA
55
taste and somatic sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue innervated by ____.
Most taste found in ____________.
Area is arch __ derivative.
CN IX, circumvallate papillae, arch 3
56
Portion of posterioromedial tongue and valleculae have scattered somatic sensory and taste via ___. These are arch __ derivatives.
CN X, arch 4
57
Palatoglossus is an _____ muscle of the tongue and is innervated by ____.
extrinsic, CN X
58
Syloglossus is a _______ muscle of the tongue and is innervated by ____
extrinsic, CN XII
59
Genioglossus is a _______ muscle of the tongue innervated by ____ and acts to _______, _______, and _______ the tongue.
extrinsic, CN XII, protrude, depress, wag
60
The geniohyoid is a ______ muscle of the tongue innervated by ________ and acts to ________
extrinsic, nerve to geniohyoid (C1 via CN XII), shorten floor of mouth (aids in tongue protrusion)
61
The Mylohyoid is a ______ muscle of the tongue which stretches from the mylohyoid line of mandible to the _____ and ___________. It is innervated via _________ and acts to elevate the ________, ______ and _________ during swallowing.
extrinsic, hyoid, midline mylohyoid raphe, nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3), hyoid, floor of mouth, tongue
62
The _________ muscle is a landmark which separates the lingual artery (deep) from the hypoglossal nerve (superficial)
hyoglossus
63
The ______ artery supplies the tongue, while the ______ vein drains it.
lingual artery, lingual vein
64
The __________ absorb sublingual drugs
deep lingual veins
65
The lymphatic drainage to the root and body of the tongue are the _______ and ______ nodes.
The apex of tongue is drained by _______ nodes, and the lateral tongue is drained by _________ nodes.
deep cervical, jugulodigastic, submental, submandibular
66
The pharynx is the superiormost portion of the ___________.
It is within the visceral portion of the _______ fascia.
It is posterior to the _____ cavity, _____ cavity, and the ______.
alimentary canal, pretracheal, nasal, oral, larynx
67
The nasopharynx opens into the nasal cavity via the ______.
choanae
68
The 3 structures with mucosa within the nasopharynx are the _____, ______, and the _______.
torus tubarius, salpingopharyngeal fold, pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
69
The 3 structures without mucosa in the nasopharynx are the _____, _______, and the ___________.
auditory tube, pharyngotympanic tube, salpingopharyngeus muscle
70
salpingopharyngeus muscle found in the _________ is innervated by ______ and acts to _______ when swallowing.
CN X, elevate/widen pharynx
71
The 4 structures with mucosa in the oropharynx are the _______, _________, _______, and the ________ of the tongue covered in lingual tonsils.
palatoglossal fold/arch, palatopharyngeal fold/arch, palatine tonsil “tonsils”, root of tongue
72
The 2 structures without mucosa in the oropharynx are the _________ and the _________.
palatoglossus muscle, palatopharyngeus muscle
73
The 2 structures with mucosa in the laryngopharynx are the ______ and the ________.
When debris fall into the _________, SA innervation via CN X initiates a throat clearing response.
piriform recesses, laryngeal cleft, piriform recesses
74
The structures in the larngopharynx without mucosa are the __________ of the larynx.
muscles and skeleton of larynx
75
The arterial vasculature to the pharynx are tonsillar branches from the following 4 arteries:
facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lesser palatine artery, lingual artery
76
Venous drainage from the pharynx goes to _________.
| laryngopharynx can also drain to ________ vein.
pterygoid venus plexus, internal jugular vein
77
The ________ is a hemorrhage concern during tonsillectomy (removal of palatine tonsil)
tonsillar bed/fossa
78
The lymph drainage of the pharynx is to the ______ nodes, ________ nodes, and ___________ nodes.
When _______ nodes swell, usually a sign of tonsillitis.
submandibular nodes, retropharyngeal nodes, deep cervical nodes, jugulodigastric (“tonsillar”) nodes
79
Soft palate and nasopharynx sensory innervation is by ____.
lateral nasopharynx and posterior tongue sensory innervation by ____.
Oro and laryngopharynx sensory innervation by ____.
CN V2, CN IX, CN X
80
Motor (SE) innervation to pharynx by ___.
CN X
81
The superior cervical ganglion contains the fused ganglia of ________ of the sympathetic trunk.
C1-C4
82
The accessory nerve enters the skull via the _______.
jugular foramen
83
The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull via ________ between the ______ and ________.
hypoglossal canal, vagus, sympathetic trunk
84
The glossopharyngeal nerve crosses the _________ muscle in dissection.
stylopharyngeus muscle
85
The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via the ________ and is sensory (VA tactile) of ________, sensory (SA & VA) of ___________, and motor (SE) to _________ muscle.
It is also VA innervation to ________ and VE (parasympathetic) to _______.
jugular foramen, pharynx, posterior 1/3 of tongue, stylopharyngeus muscle, carotid body/sinus, otic ganglion
86
CN X exits the skull via _______ and is sensory (SA) to _________ and sensory (VA) to some portion of _______.
It is also motor innervation (SE) to all pharyngeal muscles except ________, and __________.
jugular foramen, laryngopharynx, taste buds, stylopharyngeus (CN IX), levator veli palatini (CN V3)
87
The ____________ muscle forms the sphincter between pharynx and esophagus.
It comes from the ______ and _______ cartilages and attaches to ___________.
inferior constrictor muscle, thyroid, cricoid, pharyngeal raphe
88
The gag reflex afferent portion is via _______ and the efferent portion is by ______.
This reflex is carried out in the ________.
CN IX, CN X, oropharynx
89
Phase 1 of swallowing involves _____ in tongue retraction, ______ and _____ in closing nasopharynx with soft palate, and ______ in tensing the floor of oral cavity.
CN XII, CN V3, CN X, CN V3
90
Phase 2 of swallowing involves _____ and ______ in continued closure of nasopharynx with soft palate.
It also involves palatopharyngeus (____), salpingopharyngeus (_____), and stylopharyngeus (_____) in widening and shortening pharynx; and it involves suprahyoid muscles innervated by ______ and ______ to elevate larynx to protect the airway
CN X, CN V3, CN X, CN X, CN IX, CN V3, CN VII
91
Phase 3 of swallowing involves _____________ mediated by CN X. It also involves peristalsis in the _________ innervated by autonomics.
pharyngeal constrictor peristalsis, esophagus
92
Parotid salivary gland innervated by preganglionic parasympathetics (VE) from ________ via __________ to ________ ganglion.
Postganglionic parasympathetics hitchhike on ___________ nerve (CN V3) to parotid gland.
CN IX, lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion, auriculotemporal nerve
93
The parotid gland is made up of _______ cells and has a characteristic feature of ________ cells.
serous, adipose
