Ear Flashcards
The _____ of the ear overlies the external auditory canal
tragus
The _______ of the ear is the skin posterior to the opening of the ear which is flush with the opening
concha
The ____ of the ear is the most superior and distal portion of the ear
helix
Cauliflower ear is initially caused by bleeding between the ______ and the ________
perichondrium, auricular cartilage
The blood supply to the external ear are the _____ and the ____ artery
superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery
Veinous drainage of the external ear is via the _______ to the _______, and the ________ to the ________
superficial temporal vein, retromandibular vein, posterior auricular vein, external jugular vein
lymph drainage from the lateral superior half of the external ear is to the _______ nodes which drain to the ______ nodes
superficial parotid nodes, superficial cervical nodes
Lymph drainage from the medial superior half of the external ear is to the _____ nodes which drain to the ______ nodes
mastoid nodes, deep cervical nodes
Lymph flow from the inferior half of the external ear drains directly to the _______ nodes
superficial cervical nodes
Somatic afferent innervation of the superior half of the anterior ear is innervated by the ______ nerve which is a branch of ___
auriculotemporal nerve, CN V3
SA innervation to the superior portion of the posterior external ear is provided by the ______ nerve which is a branch of ____
lesser occipital nerve, C2 (cervical plexus)
SA innervation to the most inferior 1/3 of the ear (including the anti-tragus) is provided by the ______ nerve which is a branch of _____
great auricular nerve, C2-C3 (cervical plexus)
A patient has nausea and a cough and reports that he injured his ear recently. What is likely the cause of his symptoms?
vagal scattered innervation of the external auditory meatus means that pain of the meatus can refer as nausea and cough
The lateral external acoustic meatus is made of ______, and the medial 2/3 is made of _____
elastic cartilage, bone
The epithelium that lines the external acoustic meatus has hair, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, but no ________
sweat glands
The _____ of the external acoustic meatus is the transition from elastic cartilage to bone
isthmus
In children the auricle should be pulled ________ during otoscopy
inferoposteriorly
The tympanic membrane is attached to the ____ bone
malleus
The ______ is the most superior surface of the tympanic membrane and its most anterior portion is called the ________ fold
pars flaccida, posterior mallear fold
The 3 parts of the malleus as seen through the tympanic membrane from the base to the tip are the:
lateral process, handle, umbo
The anterior and posterior surfaces of the tympanic membrane on either side of the umbo are called the ______
pars tensa
SA innervation to the external surface of the tympanic membrane is provided by the _____ nerve which is a branch of ____ and projects to ____
auriculotemporal nerve, V3, CN X
SA innervation to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane is provided by the _____ nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
External auditory meatus is derived from _____ and the middle ear is derived from ______
cleft 1, pouch 1
Normal orientation of the cone of light is ______
anteroinferior
The middle ear is located in the _______ and is lined with ____
petrous portion of temporal bone, mucosa
The pharyngotympanic tube is lined with ______
respiratory epithelium
The mastoid antrum is the posterosuperior space of the middle ear and opens into ______
mastoid air cells
The anterior part of the pharyngotympanic tube is made of ____ and is called the ____ wall.
The posterior part is made of ______ and is called the ____
bone, carotid wall, cartilage, torus
The tensor veli palatini acts on the ______
pharyngotympanic tube
The malleus is an _____ derivative, the incus is an ______ derivative, and the stapes is an _____ derivative
arch 1, arch 1, arch 2
The ______ crosses between the malleus and incus
chorda tympani
The _____ has its footplate in the oval window
stapes
The malleus, incus, and stapes are joined by _____ joints
synovial joints
______ is the condition where the stapes footplate fuses to the oval window and is a form of ______ deafness
otosclerosis, conductive
The superior wall of the middle ear is called the _____ and is directly inferior to the _______
tegmental wall (with tympanic recess), middle cranial fossa
The floor of the middle ear is called the _____ and is directly adjacent to the ______
jugular wall, superior bulb of jugular vein
The anterior wall of the middle ear is called the _____ and is adjacent to the _____.
It also contains the _____ and the ________
carotid wall, internal carotid artery, auditory tube, canal for tensor tympani muscle
The lateral wall of the middle ear is called the ______ and contains the _____, ______ (bone), and the ______.
membranous, tympanic membrane, malleus, chorda tympani
The medial wall of the middle ear is called the ______.
It is identified by the ______ which is covered by the _______ of ____.
labrynthine wall, promontory (bulge), tympanic plexus, CN IX
The round and oval windows are located on the ______
medial (labrynthine) wall of the middle ear
The _______ is found in the superior portion of the posterior (mastoid) wall of the middle ear, as well as the ______ and ________
mastoid antrum, facial canal (for CN VII), pyramidal eminence (stapedius muscle)
The posterior wall of the middle ear is called the ______
mastoid wall
The 3 muscles of the middle ear are:
tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, stapedius
The tensor tympani attaches from the ______ to the ______ and gets SE innervation from _____.
Its action is to ________
cartilage of auditory tube, handle of malleus, CN V3, dampen amplitude of motion of tympanic membrane
The _____ muscle is the smallest skeletal muscle
stapedius
The stapedius muscle attaches from the ______ to the ______ and gets SE innervation from ______.
Its action is to _________
pyramidal eminence of temporal bone, stapes, CN VII, reduce motion of stapes at oval window
______ (nerve) exits the jugular foramen before giving off tympanic branch which becomes the tympanic plexus on the promontory
CN IX
The tympanic branch of CN IX becomes the ______ on the _____ of the middle ear
tympanic plexus, promontory
The ______ is SA innervation for the middle ear, auditory tube, and nasopharynx
tympanic plexus
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers exit the tympanic plexus as the ______ nerve which will synapse on the ____ ganglion and go to the ________
lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion, parotid gland
The CN VII enters the petrous temporal bone through the ________ to synapse on the ______ ganglion to provide _________ and _______________
internal acoustic meatus, geniculate ganglion, VA of anterior 2/3 tongue, SA of external acoustic meatus & deep concha
After synapsing in the geniculate ganglion, ______ gives off the nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani
CN VII
The CN VII exits the _______ after giving off the nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani
stylomastoid foramen
The _____ courses medial to the malleus
chorda tympani
The chorda tympani exits the skull via the ___________ and joins the lingual nerve (branch of V3) in the infratemporal fossa
petrotympanic fissure
The ______ joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa
chorda tympani
The ______ carries VA fibers for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the submandibular ganglion
chorda tympani
The preganglionic parasympathetics from chorda tympani carry ____ innervation to ______________
VE, submandibular salivary gland, sublingual salivary gland
The central nervous system is formed from the ______
neural tube
The PNS is formed from the ______
neural crest
The ________ which is located in mesoderm induces the ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm, neural plate, neural groove, and then the neural tube
notochord
The ______ arises from ectoderm near neural tube and forms PNS and skeletal components of the anterior skull
neural crest
