Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit I > Olfaction and Taste > Flashcards

Olfaction and Taste Flashcards

1
Q

There are 3 neurons involved in the olfaction pathway.
Neuron 1 is a ______ neuron, neuron 2 has its body in the __________ and it projects directly to olfactory cortices. Neuron 3 has its axon in the ___________.

A

bipolar, olfactory bulb, uncinate fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lamina propria of olfactory mucosa contains ___________ which secrete mucus.

A

Bowman glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Olfactory epithelium is __________.
It contains ___________ which provide metabolic and physical support to receptor cells, ________ cells that are proginator cells, and _________ cells which form synapses with CN V fibers and are sensitive to chemical irritants but are not discriminative.

A

pseudostratified columnar neuroepithelium, sustentacular supporting cells, basal cells (stem cells), microvillar (brush) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The basal cell nuclei of the olfactory epithelium is located close to the _________

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

olfactory receptor neurons are derived from the __________ and have ______ morphology

A

nasal (olfactory) placode, bipolar morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Olfactory receptor neurons are _________ and are covered by ensheathing cells

A

unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Every olfactory receptor neuron has ___ type(s) of receptor for odorants

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Odorant binding proteins are produced by the ________ cells

A

sustentacular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cAMP-activated channels create _______ potentials when an odorant is detected

A

graded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a single odor can activate ______ odorant receptor(s)

A

multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ odorant(s) can activate multiple glomeruli and this is referred to as ________

A

one, cross fiber activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell bodies of periglomerular cells are in the ________ layer

A

glomerular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tufted cells are found in the ______ layer

A

external plexiform layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mitral cells are found in the ______ layer

A

mitral cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Granule cells are categorized as _______ and are in the _______ layer

A

interneurons, granule cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sensory information from olfactory receptor neurons travels through the _______ and enters the ________.
From there it interacts with the ________ cells before being transferred to neurons of the _______ cells and _______ cells. Both of these cell types interact with ________ cells before passing their information onto the _______ tract.

A

cribiform plate, olfactory glomeruli, periglomerular cells, tufted cells, mitral cells, granule cells, lateral olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The main efferent neurons of the olfactory bulb are ______ cells and _______ cells.

A

tufted cells, mitral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Granule cells lack _____

A

axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

centrifugal fibers provide excitatory input to ________ cells from the _________, ______, and ________.

A

granule cells, olfactory cortices, locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Centrifugal fibers provide feedback inhibition to _______ and _______ cells via __________ synapses

A

mitral, tufted, GABAergic dendrodendritics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Odorant binding proteins are produced by the ________ cells

A

sustentacular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cAMP-activated channels create _______ potentials when an odorant is detected

A

graded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a single odor can activate ______ odorant receptor(s)

A

multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

______ odorant(s) can activate multiple glomeruli and this is referred to as ________

A

one, cross fiber activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cell bodies of periglomerular cells are in the ________ layer

A

glomerular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tufted cells are found in the ______ layer

A

external plexiform layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mitral cells are found in the ______ layer

A

mitral cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Granule cells are categorized as _______ and are in the _______ layer

A

interneurons, granule cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

sensory information from olfactory receptor neurons travels through the _______ and enters the ________.
From there it interacts with the ________ cells before being transferred to neurons of the _______ cells and _______ cells. Both of these cell types interact with ________ cells before passing their information onto the _______ tract.

A

cribiform plate, olfactory glomeruli, periglomerular cells, tufted cells, mitral cells, granule cells, lateral olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Granule cells lack _____

A

axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

centrifugal fibers provide excitatory input to ________ cells from the _________, ______, and ________.

A

granule cells, olfactory cortices, locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Centrifugal fibers send excitatory signals to ________ cells which provide feedback inhibition to _______ and _______ cells via __________ synapses

A

Granule cells, mitral, tufted, GABAergic dendrodendritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Centrifugal fibers are _____ to granule cells and exit the olfactory cortices via the _______

A

Primary afferents, lateral olfactory tract/stria

34
Q

Centrifugal fibers provide excitatory input to granule cells from _________, ______, and ________.

A

Primary olfactory cortices, locus ceruleus, raphe nuclei

35
Q

Centrifugal fibers send excitatory information to granule cells which provide feedback inhibition via GABAergic synapses to _______ and ______ cells

A

Mitral cells, tufted cells

36
Q

Odorant binding proteins are produced by the ________ cells

A

sustentacular

37
Q

The cAMP-activated channels create _______ potentials when an odorant is detected

A

graded

38
Q

a single odor can activate ______ odorant receptor(s)

A

multiple

39
Q

______ odorant(s) can activate multiple glomeruli and this is referred to as ________

A

one, cross fiber activation

40
Q

Cell bodies of periglomerular cells are in the ________ layer

A

glomerular layer

41
Q

Tufted cells are found in the ______ layer

A

external plexiform layer

42
Q

Mitral cells are found in the ______ layer

A

mitral cell layer

43
Q

Granule cells are categorized as _______ and are in the _______ layer

A

interneurons, granule cell layer

44
Q

sensory information from olfactory receptor neurons travels through the _______ and enters the ________.
From there it interacts with the ________ cells before being transferred to neurons of the _______ cells and _______ cells. Both of these cell types interact with ________ cells before passing their information onto the _______ tract.

A

cribiform plate, olfactory glomeruli, periglomerular cells, tufted cells, mitral cells, granule cells, lateral olfactory tract

45
Q

The main efferent neurons of the olfactory bulb are ______ cells and _______ cells.

A

tufted cells, mitral cells

46
Q

Granule cells lack _____

A

axons

47
Q

Mitral and tufted cells receive inhibitory input from both _______ cells and _______ fibers.

A

periglomerular cells, centrifugal fibers

48
Q

The axons of ______ and ________ form the lateral olfactory tract and stria

A

mitral, tufted

49
Q

The __________ is the structure by which olfactory bulbs communicate

A

anterior commissure (medial olfactory striae)

50
Q

_________ are secondary axons that branch from primary axons

A

Collateral axons (collaterals)

51
Q

Mitral and tufted cells send collaterals to the ________ nucleus

A

anterior olfactory nucleus (within olfactory tract)

52
Q

Olfactory cortices receive _______ connections with olfactory bulb

A

direct (secondary neurons)

53
Q

The olfactory bulb sends direct connections to the following 4 cortices:

A

piriform cortex, anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, periamygdaloid cortex, lateral entorhinal cortex

54
Q

The _______ cortex is the largest and is the major olfactory cortical area. It encodes higher order representations of odor quality, identity, and familiarity

A

piriform cortex

55
Q

The ________ cortex is located in the most medial portion of the temporal lobe

A

piriform cortex

56
Q

The olfactory cortices project to the ______, ________ nucleus, ______ cortex, and ________ cortex before projecting to the olfactory bulb via the centrifugal fibers

A

lateral hypothalamus, dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, insular cortex, orbital cortex

57
Q

The ________ cortex is an olfactory cortex that preprocesses information that is entering the hippocampus

A

entorhinal cortex

58
Q

The ________ cortex combines input from taste, texture, and smell and plays major role in flavor perception

A

orbitofrontal cortex

59
Q

The orbitofrontal cortex is just anterolateral to the _______ and just lateral to the ________

A

optic chiasm, olfactory tract

60
Q

The 3 efferent olfactory cortices are:

A

Ventral lateral thalamus, dorsomedial nucleus, orbitofrontal nucleus

61
Q

The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is located immediately adjacent to the _______

A

hypothalamus

62
Q

Taste information is carried by a ________ primary neuron

A

pseudounipolar

63
Q

The primary neuron cell bodies of the taste pathway are located in the _______ ganglion, _________ ganglion, and the _______ ganglion

A

inferior (petrosal) ganglion, geniculate ganglion, inferior (nodose) ganglion

64
Q

Taste information in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue in the ______ and ______ papillae and continues in the ______ of CN ___ and synapses in the ______ ganglion

A

posterior foliate papillae, vallate papillae, lingual branches, CN IX, inferior (petrosal ganglion)

65
Q

Taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue begins in the _____ and ______ papillae before traveling via ______ of the CN ___ and synapses in the _____ ganglion

A

fungiform papillae, anterior foliate papillae, chorda tympani, CN VII, geniculate ganglion

66
Q

Taste information from the extralingual taste buds of the soft palate travel via _____ to the ______ ganglion

A

CN VII, geniculate ganglion

67
Q

Taste information to the epiglottis and esophagus travels via the ________ nerve of the CN ___ and synapses in the __________ ganglion

A

superior laryngeal nerve, CN X, inferior (nodose) ganglion

68
Q

Papillae are formed by ________ epithelium

A

stratified squamous

69
Q

taste buds on ______ papillae do not sit in pits, while taste buds in ______ papillae sit in pits which are in close proximity, and taste buds in _______ papillae sit in pits situated somewhat far from each other

A

fungiform papillae, foliate papillae, circumvallate papillae

70
Q

Most of the tongue is covered in _____ papillae

A

fungiform papillae

71
Q

Salty and sour tastants activate ________ taste receptors

A

ion channel

72
Q

Sweet, umami, and bitter tastants activate ________ taste receptors

A

GPCR

73
Q

____ taste receptors encode sweet and umami, _____ taste receptors encode bitter taste and both of these are expressed on different cells

A

T1R, T2R

74
Q

Taste afferent fibers traveling in CN VII, CN IX, and CN X synapse in their respective ganglia and then project via the __________ to synapse in the ________ in the ______________

A

solitary tract, rostral solitary nucleus (gustatory nucleus), rostral posterolateral medulla

75
Q

The ________ pathway is ipsilateral

A

gustatory

76
Q

Gustatory pathway:
Neuron 1 has dendrites in the _______, cell body in the ______, ______, and ______ ganglia, axons in the _______ tract, and projects to the ________ nucleus directly adjacent to the vestibular nuclei and dorsal motor vagal nucleus.

A

taste buds, geniculate, petrosal, nodose, solitary tract, solitary nucleus

77
Q

Gustatory pathway:
Neuron 2 has its cell body in the _______ nucleus, axon in the _______ tract in the _______ (CNS), and projects to the _________ of the thalamus

A

solitary nucleus, central tegmental tract, pons, ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

78
Q

The central tegmental tract when it is in the pons is located adjacent to the __________

A

medial lemniscus

79
Q

Gustatory pathway:
Neuron 3 has its cell body in the _______ nucleus of the thalamus, axons in the ________, and projects to the _______, _________, and _________.

A

ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, posterior limb of the internal capsule, insula, frontal operculum, postcentral gyrus

80
Q

______ precedes the onset of Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons disease

A

smell disorder (anosmia)

81
Q

olfactory hallucinations are also referred to as _______

A

uncinate fits

Neuroanatomy Rewind Unit I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions