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Applied Head and Neck Anatomy > Oral Cavity & Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity & Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the oral cavity?

A

Lateral: Muscles of Buccinator

Roof: Soft and Hard Pallette

Floor: 2 Myohyoid muscles, tongue and other soft tissues

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2
Q

Name the features of the oral cavity

A
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3
Q

What is sialolithiasis?

A

Stones of the salivary glands causing significant painand swelling particularly after eating

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4
Q

What are the different types of muscle in the tongue?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsinc Muscles

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5
Q

What is the motor innervation of the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

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6
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the togue and give their motor innervation

A
  • Genioglossal - Hypoglossal
  • Hypoglossus - Hypoglossal
  • Styloglossus - Hypoglossal
  • Palatoglossus - Vagus Nerve
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7
Q

How do you test the function of the hypoglossal nerve? Which muscle is responsible for this action?

A
  • Ask the patient to stick out their tongue
  • Genioglossus muscle, innervated by hypoglossal nerve protrudes the tongue
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8
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

A
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9
Q

What are the the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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10
Q

What is Warton’s Duct?

A

Duct connecting the submandibular salivary gland to the oral cavity for release of saliva

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11
Q

What is the Stenson Duct?

A

The duct of the parotid gland that releases saliva into the oral cavity

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12
Q

What are some of the symptoms of tonsilitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Pain/ difficulty swalling
  • Cervical lymph nodes
  • Bad Breath
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13
Q

How does the uvula appear in tonsilitis?

A

Remains central

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14
Q

How does the uvula appear in a peritonsilar abcess?

A

Uvula can deviate to one side

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15
Q

What are some of the symptoms of a peritonsillar abscess?

A
  • Severe throat pain
  • Fever
  • Bad Breath
  • Drooling
  • Difficulty opening mouth
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the Nasopharynx?

A
  • Base of skull
  • Posteriorally- C1 and C2
  • Anteriorally - nasal cavity
17
Q

What is an adenoid?

A

An enlarged pharyngeal tonsil

18
Q

What are some of the effects of adenoids?

A
  • Blocked Eustacian Tube → reccurrent middle ear infections
  • Snoring / sleep apnoea
  • Sleeping with mouth open
  • Chronic Sinusitis
  • Nasal tone to voice
19
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

Anterior: oral cavity

Posterior: C2, C3

Runs from the soft palate to the epiglottis

20
Q

What are the contents fo the orophraynx?

A

The Palatine Tonsils

21
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?

A

Runs from the oropharynx to the oesophagus

Anterior: larynx

Posterior: C4, C5, C6

22
Q

What is the piriform fossa of the laryngopharynx?

A

Recesses either side of the laryngeal inlet that fluid can drain to if the epiglottis doesn’t close

23
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing? What is the nerve innervation of each?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus - Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
  • Palatopharyngeus - Vagus Nerve CN X
  • Salpingopharngeus - Vagus Nerve CN X
24
Q

What are the constrictors of the pharynx and what nerve innervates them?

A
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
    • Has 2 Parts: Thyropharyngeal
    • Cricopharyngeal
  • All innervated by the Vagus Nerve
25
Q

What is Killian’s Dehiscence?

A

An area of weakness between thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

Pharyngeal mucosa can herniate through here during swalling causing a pharyngeal pouch (diverticulum)

26
Q

What is the pharyngeal raphe?

A

Line at the back of the pharynx where all the pharyngeal constrictors meet

27
Q

What is Zenker’s Diverticulum?

A

Herniation of pharynx mucosa between the 2 inferior pharynx constrictors

28
Q

What things can cause a rise in pressure in the pharynx which could cause Zenker’s Diverticulum

A
  • Failure of UOS to relax
  • Abnormal timing of smallowing
  • Weakness in Killian’s Dehiscence
29
Q

Describe the sensory nerve innnervation of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx - Maxillary branch of Trigeminal Vb

Oropharynx - Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Laryngopharynx - Vagus Nerve CN X

30
Q

What obvious signs suggest a problem with cranial nerves IX and X?

A

Absent gag reflex

31
Q

Which nerve is being tested when the patient is asked to say ‘Ahhh’?

A

Vagus Nerve

Ulva deviates Away from the lesion

32
Q

How would you test for a lesion in hypoglossal nerve CN XII?

A

Stick Tongue out - muscle wasting and may deviate towards the side of the lesion

Applied Head and Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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