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Applied Head and Neck Anatomy > General Organisation of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

General Organisation of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve - cranial nerve 7

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2
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve- cranial nerve 5

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3
Q

What are the 5 extra cranial branches of the facial nerve?

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Marginal Mandibular
  • Cervical
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4
Q

What is the most common cause of non-traumatic facial paralysis and how is it caused?

A

Bell’s Palsy

  • Caused by inflammation of the facial nerve

Inflammation causes oedema which compresses the nerve as it runs through the base of the skull

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5
Q

What important structure does the facial nerve run through?

A

The Parotid Gland

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6
Q

How may a parotid gland cancer present?

A

Weakness of the facial muscles on one side in association with ipsilateral (on the same side) parotid enlargement

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7
Q

What are the 3 main muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Pterygoids
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8
Q

What is the collective action of all of the muscles of mastication?

A

To elevate the jaw (close it)

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9
Q

What muscles are responsible for collectively depressing the mandible?

A

The Suprahyoids

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10
Q

Which muscle helps to assist opening of the jaw?

A

The Lateral Pterygoid

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11
Q

What are the 3 key branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • Va Ophthalmic
  • Vb Maxillary
  • Vc Mandibular
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12
Q

What is the main arterial blood supply to the neck?

A

The Common Carotid artery ( 2 terminal branches; internal and external)

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13
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the face?

A

The facial artery branch of the external carotid artery

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14
Q

Which area does the Internal Jugular Vein drain blood from?

A

Head and neck structures

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15
Q

Where does the External Jugular Vein receive drainage from?

A

The scalp and face

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates the Platysma muscle?

A

The facial nerve

17
Q

Which nerve innervates the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

18
Q

Which nerve innervates the Trapezius muscle?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

19
Q

What structures make up the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior- the inferior border of the mandible

Lateral- Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Medial- Sagittal line down midline of the neck

20
Q

What structures make up the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Posterior- Anterior border of trapezius

Inferior- middle 1/3 of the clavicle

21
Q

Which structures are associated with the anterior triangles?

A

The structures coursing between head and thorax

22
Q

Which structures are associated with the posterior triangles?

A

Structures coursing between thorax/neck and the upper limb

23
Q

What is the collective action of Suprahyoid muscles? Name the main muscle

A

Elevates hyoid and Depresses Mandible

Main muscle = Digastric

24
Q

what is the collective action of Infrahyoid muscles? Name the main muscle

A

Depress and stabilise the hyoid

Main muscle= omohyoid

25
Q

Where are the scalene muscles found?

A

In the floor of the posterior triangle

26
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior- posterior belly of digastric

Lateral- medial belly of sternocleidomastoid

Inferior- superior belly of omohyoid

27
Q

What is the function of fascial compartment layers in the neck?

A

Allows ease of movement between structures e.g. when swallowing Stops the spread of infection

28
Q

Name the layers of fascia in the neck from superficial to deep

A
  • Superficial cervical layer
  • Investing layer
  • Pre-tracheal layer
  • Pre-vertebral layer
29
Q

What structures does the Carotid Sheath encompass?

A
  • Internal Jugular Vein
  • Common Carotid Artery
  • Vagus Nerve
30
Q

What does the pre-tracheal fascia become known as, as it passes behind the trachea and oesophagus?

A

Buccopharangeal fascia

31
Q

What is the significance of the retropharangeal space?

A

An infection of the retropharangeal space could travel down to the mediastinum causing mediastinitis

Applied Head and Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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