oral cavity histology Flashcards
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the digestive tract?
a) Esophagus
b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Small intestine
(Answer: b) Liver
Which digestive process involves the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and fats into absorbable subunits?
a) Absorption
b) Filtration
c) Digestion
d) Secretion
(Answer: c) Digestion
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
a) Transport oxygen to tissues
b) Extract essential molecules from food for maintenance, growth, and energy
c) Regulate body temperature
d) Produce hormones for metabolism
(Answer: b) Extract essential molecules from food for maintenance, growth, and energy
The digestive system is also known as the:
a) Endocrine system
b) Circulatory system
c) Gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal
d) Nervous system
(Answer: c) Gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal
The inner lining of the digestive tract primarily serves as:
a) A transport medium for blood
b) A protective barrier isolating its contents from connective tissues and blood vessels
c) A storage site for nutrients
d) A regulator of body temperature
(Answer: b) A protective barrier isolating its contents from connective tissues and blood vessels
Which of the following is NOT a key process of the digestive system?
a) Digestion
b) Absorption
c) Circulation
d) Protection
(Answer: c) Circulation
What is the primary role of the small intestine in digestion?
a) Store waste material
b) Absorb oxygen
c) Break down macronutrients into absorbable subunits
d) Filter toxins from blood
(Answer: c) Break down macronutrients into absorbable subunits
Which of the following is an associated gland of the digestive system?
a) Kidneys
b) Lungs
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen
(Answer: c) Pancreas
Where does most absorption of water and ectrolytes occur?
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Esophagus
(Answer: c) Large intestine
Which component of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream?
a) Esophagus
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Oral cavity
(Answer: b) Small intestine
Which function of the digestive tract involves the introduction of food and liquids into the oral cavity?
a) Absorption
b) Ingestion
c) Mastication
d) Elimination
(Answer: b) Ingestion
What is the primary purpose of mastication?
a) Transport food through the digestive tract
b) Break down food into smaller, digestible pieces
c) Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
d) Release digestive enzymes
(Answer: b) Break down food into smaller, digestible pieces
Which process involves muscular movements that transport materials along the digestive tract?
a) Secretion
b) Absorption
c) Motility
d) Chemical digestion
(Answer: c) Motility
Which of the following is NOT released during secretion in the digestive system?
a) Mucus
b) Enzymes
c) Hormones
d) Oxygen
(Answer: d) Oxygen
What is the primary role of hormone release in the digestive system?
a) Breaking down food into smaller pieces
b) Regulating motility and secretion locally
c) Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
d) Expelling waste products
(Answer: b) Regulating motility and secretion locally
Which function of the digestive tract involves the enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller subunits?
a) Ingestion
b) Chemical digestion
c) Elimination
d) Secretion
(Answer: b) Chemical digestion
Where does absorption primarily take place in the digestive system?
a) Esophagus
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
(Answer: c) Small intestine
Which function of the digestive system involves the uptake of small molecules and water into the blood and lymph?
a) Chemical digestion
b) Absorption
c) Elimination
d) Mastication
(Answer: b) Absorption
What is the process by which indigestible and unabsorbed food components are expelled from the body?
a) Absorption
b) Elimination
c) Secretion
d) Motility
(Answer: b) Elimination
Which of the following digestive functions is responsible for the release of bile and digestive enzymes?
a) Secretion
b) Motility
c) Ingestion
d) Absorption
(Answer: a) Secretion
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main layers of the digestive tract?
a) Mucosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis externa
d) Epidermis
(Answer: d) Epidermis
Which part of the enteric nervous system is located in the muscularis externa?
a) Meissner’s plexus
b) Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
c) Vagus nerve
d) Hypoglossal nerve
(Answer: b) Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
What are the three layers of the mucosa?
a) Epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
b) Submucosa, serosa, adventitia
c) Circular layer, longitudinal layer, myenteric plexus
d) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
(Answer: a) Epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
The submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus) is primarily involved in:
a) Coordinating muscle contractions
b) Regulating glandular secretion and blood flow
c) Breaking down macromolecules
d) Absorbing nutrients
(Answer: b) Regulating glandular secretion and blood flow
What is the function of the myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus?
a) Absorption of nutrients
b) Coordination of muscle contractions for movement
c) Production of digestive enzymes
d) Lymphatic drainage
(Answer: b) Coordination of muscle contractions for movement
Which layer of the mucosa serves as a protective barrier and facilitates absorption and secretion?
a) Lamina propria
b) Muscularis mucosae
c) Epithelial lining
d) Submucosa
(Answer: c) Epithelial lining
What is the primary function of the lamina propria?
a) Coordinating muscle contractions
b) Providing a rich supply of blood vessels, lymphatics, and small glands
c) Absorbing nutrients
d) Secreting digestive enzymes
(Answer: b) Providing a rich supply of blood vessels, lymphatics, and small glands
The muscularis mucosae is responsible for:
a) Coordinating peristalsis
b) Providing a rigid structure to the digestive tract
c) Enabling local mucosal movements
d) Producing digestive enzymes
(Answer: c) Enabling local mucosal movements
Which layer of the digestive tract contains larger blood and lymph vessels and the submucosal (Meissner) plexus?
a) Mucosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis externa
d) Serosa
(Answer: b) Submucosa
Which of the following statements about the muscularis externa is true?
a) It contains three muscle layers
b) The inner layer is longitudinal and the outer layer is circular
c) It is responsible for mixing and propelling contents
d) It contains the submucosal plexus
(Answer: c) It is responsible for mixing and propelling contents
The fibers of the inner layer of the muscularis externa are oriented:
a) Longitudinally
b) Circularly
c) Obliquely
d) Transversely
(Answer: b) Circularly
Which statement about the serosa is correct?
a) It is found in all parts of the digestive tract
b) It consists of dense connective tissue
c) It is covered by mesothelium
d) It contains the Meissner’s plexus
(Answer: c) It is covered by mesothelium
Which layer of the digestive tract contains glands and lymphoid tissue in some areas?
a) Mucosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis externa
d) Serosa
(Answer: b) Submucosa
Which of the following contains the highest concentration of lymphocytes in the digestive tract?
a) Submucosa
b) Lamina propria
c) Muscularis externa
d) Serosa
(Answer: b) Lamina propria
What is the primary difference between the serosa and adventitia?
a) The serosa is made of epithelial tissue, while the adventitia is made of muscle
b) The adventitia is found in organs suspended in the abdominal cavity
c) The serosa is covered by mesothelium, while the adventitia is composed of dense connective tissue
d) The adventitia contains large blood vessels, while the serosa does not
(Answer: c) The serosa is covered by mesothelium, while the adventitia is composed of dense connective tissue
Which layer is primarily responsible for the peristaltic movement of food along the digestive tract?
a) Mucosa
b) Submucosa
c) Muscularis externa
d) Serosa
(Answer: c) Muscularis externa
The adventitia is composed primarily of:
a) Loose connective tissue
b) Dense connective tissue
c) Smooth muscle
d) Simple squamous epithelium
(Answer: b) Dense connective tissue
Which of the following structures would most likely have an adventitia instead of a serosa?
a) Stomach
b) Jejunum
c) Esophagus
d) Small intestine
(Answer: c) Esophagus
Which nervous system component is involved in regulating digestive functions independently of the central nervous system?
a) Sympathetic nervous system
b) Parasympathetic nervous system
c) Enteric nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
(Answer: c) Enteric nervous system
Which of the following is true about the structure of the digestive tract?
a) The muscularis externa has three layers throughout the entire tract
b) The submucosa contains blood vessels and lymphatics
c) The adventitia covers all abdominal organs
d) The lamina propria is composed of dense connective tissue
(Answer: b) The submucosa contains blood vessels and lymphatics
What type of immune tissue is found in the mucosa and submucosa of the digestive tract?
a) Thymus-associated lymphoid tissue (TALT)
b) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
c) Bone marrow-derived immune tissue
d) Pulmonary-associated lymphoid tissue (PALT)
(Answer: b) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Which immune cells are abundant in the lamina propria of the digestive tract?
a) Neurons and erythrocytes
b) Macrophages and lymphocytes
c) Chondrocytes and osteoblasts
d) Fibroblasts and keratinocytes
(Answer: b) Macrophages and lymphocytes
What is the primary function of IgA antibodies in the digestive tract?
a) To promote digestion of fats and proteins
b) To provide immune defense by neutralizing pathogens
c) To aid in mechanical breakdown of food
d) To stimulate muscle contractions in the intestines
(Answer: b) To provide immune defense by neutralizing pathogens
How do IgA antibodies maintain their protective function in the digestive tract?
a) By resisting breakdown by digestive enzymes
b) By binding to nutrients for absorption
c) By enhancing the secretion of stomach acid
d) By activating peristalsis in the intestines
(Answer: a) By resisting breakdown by digestive enzymes
Which layer of the digestive tract contains immune cells that help in defense against pathogens?
a) Muscularis externa
b) Serosa
c) Lamina propria
d) Adventitia
(Answer: c) Lamina propria
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the oral cavity?
a) Tongue
b) Teeth
c) Esophagus
d) Uvula
(Answer: c) Esophagus
What is the primary function of the oral cavity in digestion?
a) Complete breakdown of all food components
b) Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
c) Facilitation of ingestion, lubrication, and partial digestion
d) Neutralization of stomach acid
(Answer: c) Facilitation of ingestion, lubrication, and partial digestion
Which of the following structures in the oral cavity plays a role in immune defense?
a) Periodontium
b) Tonsils
c) Salivary glands
d) Uvula
(Answer: b) Tonsils
Besides its digestive functions, what other role does the oral cavity play?
a) Acts as a primary site for protein absorption
b) Serves as a barrier against pathogens
c) Neutralizes stomach acid before food reaches the intestines
d) Directly absorbs carbohydrates into the bloodstream
(Answer: b) Serves as a barrier against pathogens
Which structure helps in the partial digestion of food within the oral cavity?
a) Lips
b) Salivary glands
c) Gingiva (gums)
d) Cheeks
(Answer: b) Salivary glands
