anterior abdominal wall Flashcards
The abdomen is the region located between:
a) The ribcage and diaphragm
b) The diaphragm and pelvis
c) The chest and lumbar spine
d) The pelvis and lower limbs
b) The diaphragm and pelvis
The abdominal cavity is continuous inferiorly with which anatomical space?
a) The thoracic cavity
b) The pelvic cavity
c) The pleural cavity
d) The retroperitoneal space
b) The pelvic cavity
What structure forms the superior boundary (roof) of the abdominal cavity?
a) Lumbar vertebrae
b) Pelvic floor
c) Diaphragm
d) Anterior abdominal wall
c) Diaphragm
Which structures form the anterior and lateral boundaries of the abdominal cavity?
a) The diaphragm and lumbar vertebrae
b) The anterior abdominal wall and muscles
c) The pelvic bones and sacrum
d) The costal cartilages and sternum
b) The anterior abdominal wall and muscles
The posterior boundary of the abdomen consists of:
a) The diaphragm and ribs
b) The anterior abdominal wall
c) The 5 lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
d) The pelvic bones and sacrum
c) The 5 lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
The posterior boundary of the abdominal cavity is formed by:
a) The anterior abdominal wall
b) The lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
c) The diaphragm
d) The pelvic cavity
b) The lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
What structures form the anterior and lateral boundaries of the abdomen?
a) The diaphragm and pelvic bones
b) The anterior abdominal wall and muscles
c) The lumbar vertebrae and posterior abdominal muscles
d) The sternum and costal cartilages
b) The anterior abdominal wall and muscles
What is the inferior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
a) The pelvic floor
b) The inguinal ligament
c) There is no distinct boundary; it is continuous with the pelvic cavity
d) The diaphragm
c) There is no distinct boundary; it is continuous with the pelvic cavity
What forms the roof of the abdominal cavity?
a) The lumbar vertebrae
b) The diaphragm
c) The pelvic floor
d) The anterior abdominal wall
b) The diaphragm
The inferior boundary of the abdomen:
a) Ends at the pelvic floor
b) Has no distinct boundary and is continuous with the pelvic cavity
c) Is marked by the lumbar vertebrae
d) Ends at the inguinal ligament
b) Has no distinct boundary and is continuous with the pelvic cavity
Which transverse plane is located at the level of the tubercles of the iliac crests?
a) Transpyloric plane
b) Transtubercular plane
c) Subcostal plane
d) Interspinous plane
b) Transtubercular plane
The subcostal plane passes through the tip of which costal cartilage?
a) 8th
b) 9th
c) 10th
d) 11th
c) 10th
The mid-clavicular plane runs from the midpoint of the clavicle to which structure?
a) Anterior superior iliac spine
b) Promontory of the sacrum
c) Midpoint of the inguinal ligament
d) Pubic symphysis
d) Pubic symphysis
The semilunar line corresponds to the lateral border of which muscle?
a) External oblique
b) Rectus abdominis
c) Transversus abdominis
d) Internal oblique
b) Rectus abdominis
The transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?
a) L3
b) L5
c) L1
d) T12
c) L1
The left and right hypochondriac regions are positioned on either side of which region?
a) Hypogastric
b) Lumbar
c) Umbilical
d) Epigastric
d) Epigastric
Which of the following regions is most inferior in the abdomen?
a) Hypogastric
b) Epigastric
c) Lumbar
d) Hypochondriac
a) Hypogastric
The left and right inguinal regions are also known as:
a) Hypochondriac regions
b) Lumbar regions
c) Iliac regions
d) Umbilical regions
c) Iliac regions
The epigastric region is located in which part of the abdomen?
a) Lower central
b) Upper central
c) Left lateral
d) Right lateral
b) Upper central
Which region of the abdomen is located around the umbilicus?
a) Epigastric
b) Hypogastric
c) Umbilical
d) Lumbar
c) Umbilical
Which nerves are responsible for the cutaneous innervation of the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Upper 5 intercostal nerves
b) Lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, and L1 spinal nerve
c) Cervical spinal nerves
d) Sacral spinal nerves
b) Lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, and L1 spinal nerve
The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves originate from which spinal nerve?
a) T10
b) T12
c) L1
d) L5
c) L1
The umbilical region of the abdominal wall is innervated by which spinal level?
a) T8
b) T10
c) T12
d) L1
b) T10
All the nerves innervating the skin of the anterior abdominal wall are branches of which part of the spinal nerves?
a) Dorsal rami
b) Anterior rami
c) Sympathetic trunk
d) Posterior rami
b) Anterior rami
The subcostal nerve corresponds to which spinal nerve level?
a) T10
b) T11
c) T12
c) T12
The deep membranous layer of the superficial fascia is called:
a) Camper’s fascia
b) Scarpa’s fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
d) Peritoneum
b) Scarpa’s fascia
Which layer directly underlies the abdominal muscles before reaching the peritoneum?
a) Camper’s fascia
b) Scarpa’s fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
d) Extraperitoneal fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
Which of the following muscles is found just lateral to the midline of the anterior abdominal wall?
a) External oblique
b) Internal oblique
c) Rectus abdominis
d) Transversus abdominis
c) Rectus abdominis
Which of the following statements is true about the deep fascia in the anterior abdominal wall?
a) It is thick and well-developed.
b) It is absent.
c) It forms the rectus sheath.
d) It surrounds the peritoneum.
b) It is absent.
What is the superficial fatty layer of the superficial fascia called?
a) Scarpa’s fascia
b) Camper’s fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
d) Peritoneum
b) Camper’s fascia
Which of the following is the superficial fatty layer of the superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Scarpa’s fascia
b) Camper’s fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
d) Peritoneum
b) Camper’s fascia
The deep membranous layer of the superficial fascia is known as:
a) Camper’s fascia
b) Scarpa’s fascia
c) External oblique fascia
d) Rectus sheath
b) Scarpa’s fascia
Which layer of the superficial fascia is closer to the skin?
a) Scarpa’s fascia
b) Camper’s fascia
c) Transversalis fascia
d) Peritoneum
b) Camper’s fascia
Which of the following correctly describes the layers of the superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Only one layer is present.
b) It consists of three distinct layers.
c) It has a superficial fatty layer (Camper’s) and a deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s).
d) It is the same as deep fascia.
c) It has a superficial fatty layer (Camper’s) and a deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s).
Which of the following is the most superficial muscle of the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Internal oblique muscle
b) Transversus abdominis muscle
c) External oblique muscle
d) Rectus abdominis muscle
c) External oblique muscle
Scarpa’s fascia is best described as:
a) A thick fatty layer
b) A deep membranous layer
c) A muscle layer
d) A type of peritoneal covering
b) A deep membranous layer
Which three muscles are mainly located laterally but have aponeuroses that unite at the linea alba?
a) Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, transversus abdominis
b) External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
c) Transversus abdominis, internal oblique, pyramidalis
d) External oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis
b) External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle is located:
a) Only laterally
b) On both sides of the midline (linea alba)
c) Deep to the transversus abdominis muscle
d) Between the diaphragm and pelvic floor
b) On both sides of the midline (linea alba)
Which small muscle is found inferiorly in the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Rectus abdominis
b) Pyramidalis
c) Internal oblique
d) Camper’s fascia
b) Pyramidalis
The linea alba is a structure where:
a) The rectus abdominis muscle originates
b) The aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles unite
c) The subcostal nerve passes through
d) The inguinal ligament attaches
b) The aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles unite
Which of the following statements about the external abdominal oblique muscle is TRUE?
a) It is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall
b) It originates from ribs 5-12
c) It inserts onto the diaphragm
d) It is innervated by the femoral nerve
b) It originates from ribs 5-12
The external oblique muscle inserts onto the:
a) Lesser trochanter of the femur
b) Thoracolumbar fascia
c) Linea alba and inguinal ligament
d) Iliac crest and sacrotuberous ligament
c) Linea alba and inguinal ligament
The superficial inguinal ring is an opening found in which structure?
a) The transversalis fascia
b) The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
c) The lacunar ligament
d) The rectus sheath
b) The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Which of the following ligaments is a part of the inguinal ligament?
a) Sacrospinous ligament
b) Round ligament
c) Pectineal ligament
d) Cruciate ligament
c) Pectineal ligament
The external oblique muscle is innervated by:
a) The lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, and L1
b) The phrenic nerve
c) The vagus nerve
d) The obturator nerve
a) The lower 5 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, and L1
The inguinal ligament extends from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the:
a) Ischial tuberosity
b) Pubic symphysis
c) Lesser trochanter
d) Sacral promontory
b) Pubic symphysis
Medially, the inguinal ligament extends as the:
a) Sacrospinous ligament
b) Lacunar ligament
c) Round ligament
d) Iliofemoral ligament
b) Lacunar ligament
The pectineal ligament is a continuation of which structure?
a) Inguinal ligament
b) Anterior cruciate ligament
c) Interosseous membrane
d) Pubofemoral ligament
a) Inguinal ligament
Which of the following statements about the inguinal ligament is TRUE?
a) It is a thickening of the rectus sheath
b) It forms the inferior border of the abdominal wall
c) It connects the xiphoid process to the linea alba
d) It extends between the greater and lesser sciatic notch
b) It forms the inferior border of the abdominal wall
The lacunar ligament is best described as:
a) A structure that extends from the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line
b) A part of the iliotibial tract
c) A thickened portion of the transversalis fascia
d) A ligament that connects the sacrum to the iliac crest
a) A structure that extends from the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line
