Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Stomach Duval Lecture

Question 1

Aphthous ulcers (pathology)

Answer 1

• Canker sores

- Autoimmune triggered by stress, fever, food, IBD

Question 2

Herpes stomatitis (pathology)

Answer 2

• Cold sores

- Vesicular eruption

Question 3

Oral candidiasis (pathology)

Answer 3

• Candida albicans MC

- Scraped off

Question 4

Hairy leukoplakia (pathology)

Answer 4

• EBV, HIV/AIDS

- No increased risk of cancer

Question 5

Kaposi’s sarcoma (pathology)

Answer 5

Raised intraoral purpuric discolorations

Question 6

Leukoplakia (pathology)

Answer 6

• Leathery mucosal patch
• Older males
• 5-15% develop cancer

Question 7

Erythroplasia (pathology)

Answer 7

Red, velvety, granular plaques

*50% malignant transformation

Question 8

MC area to develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (pathology)

Answer 8

Lip

Question 9

What is MC virus to cause viral sialadenitis (pathology)?

Answer 9

Mumps (paramyxovirus)

Question 10

What are autoimmune causes of sialadenitis (pathology)?

Answer 10

Sjogren’s syndrome

Mikulicz’s syndrome

Question 11

MC salivary gland tumors (pathology)?

Answer 11

Parotid

Question 12

Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 12

• MC salivary gland tumor

- Benign, slow growing

Question 13

Warthin’s tumor (pathology)

Answer 13

• Parotid gland only
• Small, encapsulated with mucin containing clefts and cystic spaces
• Rare malignant transformation

Question 14

Hiatal hernia (pathology)

Answer 14

• Dilated segment of stomach protruding above diaphragm

- 2 types (axial sliding, nonaxial paraesophageal)

Question 15

Mallory-Weiss tear

Answer 15

• Longitudinal tears of mucosa or entire wall at gastroesophageal junction
• Inadequate relaxation of LES during vomiting

Question 16

Varices (pathology)

Answer 16

Tortuous dilated submucosal veins a/w portal HTN

Question 17

How does pathology determine severity of reflux esophagitis?

Answer 17

It doesn’t, pathology is unrelated to severity

Question 18

Barrett’s esophagus (pathology)

Answer 18

Intestinal metaplasia of distal esophagus

Question 19

Gross appearance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 19

• Polypoid fungating
• Necrotizing ulcerative
• Diffuse infiltrative

Question 20

Which type of esophageal cancer is MC worldwide?

Answer 20

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 21

Which type of esophageal cancer is MC in the US?

Answer 21

Adenocarcinoma

Question 22

What is the autoimmune cause of chronic gastritis?

Answer 22

Autoantibody to parietal cell ATPase

Question 23

98% of peptic ulcers occur where?

Answer 23

First part of duodenum and stomach

Question 24

Duodenal and gastric ulcers are almost always preceded by what?

Answer 24

Chronic H pylori gastritis

Question 25

How do NSAIDs induce peptic ulcers?

Answer 25

Suppress prostaglandin synthesis

Question 26

Gross pathology of peptic ulcers

Answer 26

Round, punched out, clean ulcer base

Question 27

Gross pathology of acute gastric ulcer (stress ulcer)

Answer 27

Multiple brown stained shallow erosions

Question 28

3 types of gastric polyps (pathology)

Answer 28

• Hyperplastic
• Fundic gland
• Adenomatous

Question 29

2 types of gastric carcinoma (pathology)

Answer 29

• Intestinal

- Diffuse

Question 30

Intestinal type gastric carcinoma

Answer 30

• Better differentiated tumor arising from mucus cells of intestinal metaplasia
• Chronic gastritis
• Older males

Question 31

Diffuse type gastric carcinoma

Answer 31

• Poorly differentiated tumor arising de novo from gastric mucus cells
• Younger pts
• NOT a/w chronic gastritis

Question 32

Which type of gastric carcinoma is NOT a/w chronic gastritis?

Answer 32

Diffuse type

Question 33

Where are most gastric carcinomas located (pathology)?

Answer 33

Pylorus/antrum