Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Stomach Duval Lecture Flashcards
Aphthous ulcers (pathology)
- Canker sores
- Autoimmune triggered by stress, fever, food, IBD
Herpes stomatitis (pathology)
- Cold sores
- Vesicular eruption
Oral candidiasis (pathology)
- Candida albicans MC
- Scraped off
Hairy leukoplakia (pathology)
- EBV, HIV/AIDS
- No increased risk of cancer
Kaposi’s sarcoma (pathology)
Raised intraoral purpuric discolorations
Leukoplakia (pathology)
- Leathery mucosal patch
- Older males
- 5-15% develop cancer
Erythroplasia (pathology)
Red, velvety, granular plaques
*50% malignant transformation
MC area to develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (pathology)
Lip
What is MC virus to cause viral sialadenitis (pathology)?
Mumps (paramyxovirus)
What are autoimmune causes of sialadenitis (pathology)?
Sjogren’s syndrome
Mikulicz’s syndrome
MC salivary gland tumors (pathology)?
Parotid
Pleomorphic adenoma
- MC salivary gland tumor
- Benign, slow growing
Warthin’s tumor (pathology)
- Parotid gland only
- Small, encapsulated with mucin containing clefts and cystic spaces
- Rare malignant transformation
Hiatal hernia (pathology)
- Dilated segment of stomach protruding above diaphragm
- 2 types (axial sliding, nonaxial paraesophageal)
Mallory-Weiss tear
- Longitudinal tears of mucosa or entire wall at gastroesophageal junction
- Inadequate relaxation of LES during vomiting
Varices (pathology)
Tortuous dilated submucosal veins a/w portal HTN
How does pathology determine severity of reflux esophagitis?
It doesn’t, pathology is unrelated to severity
Barrett’s esophagus (pathology)
Intestinal metaplasia of distal esophagus
Gross appearance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Polypoid fungating
- Necrotizing ulcerative
- Diffuse infiltrative
Which type of esophageal cancer is MC worldwide?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Which type of esophageal cancer is MC in the US?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the autoimmune cause of chronic gastritis?
Autoantibody to parietal cell ATPase
98% of peptic ulcers occur where?
First part of duodenum and stomach
Duodenal and gastric ulcers are almost always preceded by what?
Chronic H pylori gastritis
How do NSAIDs induce peptic ulcers?
Suppress prostaglandin synthesis
Gross pathology of peptic ulcers
Round, punched out, clean ulcer base
Gross pathology of acute gastric ulcer (stress ulcer)
Multiple brown stained shallow erosions
3 types of gastric polyps (pathology)
- Hyperplastic
- Fundic gland
- Adenomatous
2 types of gastric carcinoma (pathology)
- Intestinal
- Diffuse
Intestinal type gastric carcinoma
- Better differentiated tumor arising from mucus cells of intestinal metaplasia
- Chronic gastritis
- Older males
Diffuse type gastric carcinoma
- Poorly differentiated tumor arising de novo from gastric mucus cells
- Younger pts
- NOT a/w chronic gastritis
Which type of gastric carcinoma is NOT a/w chronic gastritis?
Diffuse type
Where are most gastric carcinomas located (pathology)?
Pylorus/antrum
