Gallbladder and Pancreatic Disorders Flashcards
Define cholelithiasis
Gallstones
Define choledocholithiasis
Bile duct stones
Populations affected by cholelithiasis
- Native and Mexican Americans
- Fat Fertile Female Forties
Define biliary colic
Episodic pain attributed to gallstones WITHOUT evidence of cholecystitis
What confirms diagnosis of cholelithiasis?
RUQ ultrasound
Treatment of gallstones
- Asymp = no treatment (dietary modifications, pain management for biliary colic episodes)
- Elective surgery
Define cholecystitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of gallbladder
Causes of cholecystitis
- 90% d/t gallstones
- 10% acalculous
What is best for diagnosing cystic duct obstruction?
HIDA scan
Treatment of cholecystitis
- Analgesics/antiemetics
- IV abx
- Surgical resection or stent placement
Define porcelain gallbladder
- Calcified, non-functional
- Caused by chronic cholecystitis (persistent inflammatory state)
Define emphysematous cholecystitis and treatment
- Cholecystitits a/w gas-forming bacteria (clostridia, E. coli, Klebsiella)
- Requires emergent resection
Define cholangitis
Common bile duct infection secondary to choledocholithiasis (bile duct stones)
Define primary sclerosing cholangitis
Common bile duct infection a/w IBD (NOT STONE)
Presentation of cholangitis
- Charcot triad (RUQ pain, fever, jaundice)
- Reynolds pentad (Charcot + AMS and hypotension)