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LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the head, neck and spine > Oral cavity and upper GIT > Flashcards

Oral cavity and upper GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the location of the Palatine tonsil

A

Between soft palate and back of tongue

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2
Q

Recall the boundaries of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A 
Nasopharynx = Pharyngeal tonsil --> inferiormost point of soft palate
Oropharynx = --> top of epiglottis
Laryngopharynx = --> inferior border of cricoid cartilage
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3
Q

What is found at the bifurcation of the oropharynx where the trachea and oesophagus begin?

A

Transverse arytenoid muscle

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4
Q

How can the oropharynx and nasopharynx be sealed off from one another?

A

Depression of pharyngeal isthmus

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5
Q

What is the main characterising feature of the oropharynx?

A

Lymphatic ring of lingual, pharyngeal and Palatine tonsils

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6
Q

Recall the movement of the epiglottis during swallowing

A

Retroflexes to cover trachea

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7
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the inlet of the larynx?

A

There is a bilateral piriform recess in which foreign bodies may become lodged

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8
Q

Describe the muscles of the pharynx

A 
Constrictor muscles (circular) = sup, med and inf; sequentially contract superoinferiorly
Longitudinal muscles (vertically arranged) = elevate pharyngeal wall to bring it up and over a bolus of food during swallowing
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9
Q

Describe the muscular arrangement of the tongue

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic paired muscles, separated by median saggital septum

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10
Q

Describe the motor inneravtion of the tongue

A

Palatoglottus = CNX, all others = CNXII

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11
Q

Recall the origin, insertion and function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Origin and insertion = within substance of tongue

Function = alter tongue shape

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12
Q

Recall the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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13
Q

Recall the sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus (CNIX/X)

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14
Q

Recall the function of styloglossus

A

Lift and retract tongue

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15
Q

Recall the function of palatoglossus

A

Bolus –> oropharynx

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16
Q

What must be relaxed in order to open the oesophagus?

A

Cricopharyngeus

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17
Q

Recall the 3 salivary glands, their innervation and the composition of their secretions

A
  1. Parotid, CNIX, serous
  2. Submandibular, CNVII, serous
  3. Sublingual, CNVII, mucous
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18
Q

Briefly summarise the location of each of the extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Immediately behind body of tongue = palatoglossus
Just behind that = styloglossus
Originating just behind the mandible and projecting superiorly = genioglossus

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19
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3: sensation = V3, taste = VII

Posterior 2/3: sensation + taste = IX

20
Q

Recall the 4 main muscles of mastecation

A 
Superficial:
Masseter
Temporalis
Deep:
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
21
Q

Recall the origin and insertion of masseter

A

Zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible - superficial and deep parts

22
Q

What is the function of masseter?

A

Elevation of mandible to force closure of mouth

23
Q

Recall the origin and insertion of Temporalis

A

Temporal fossa to mandibular coronoid process

24
Q

What is the function of Temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

25
Q

Recall the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

Top of neck of mandible to sphenoid plate

26
Q

Recall the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle

A

Maxilla to angle of mandible

27
Q

What does the medial pterygoid overlie?

A

Buccinator

28
Q

What is the function of lat. pterygoid?

A

Depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth

29
Q

What is the function of med. pterygoid?

A

Acts on mandible to allow chewing: elevation, protraction and lateral movement

30
Q

Summarise the structure of the temperomandibular joint

A 
Superior --> inferior:
Temporal tubercle 
Mandibular fossa
Articular disc
Joint capsule
Head of mandible
31
Q

Which action of the TMN predominates in slight opening of the jaw?

A

Hinge action

32
Q

Which action of the TMN predominates in wideopening of the jaw?

A

Hinge AND GLIDING movements

33
Q

Recall the order of the 8 branches of the external carotid artery

A 
She Always Likes Friends Over Papa, Sister, and Mama
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital 
Posterior Auricular
Superficial temporal
Maxillary
34
Q

Recall the branches of the facial nerve, from superior to inferior

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
35
Q

Describe the path of the parotid duct

A

Penetrates buccinators and opens into the oral cavity adjacent to 2nd upper molar

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

IX

37
Q

Where does the submandibular gland lie (2 descriptions)?

A

Along body of mandible

Partly superficial and partly deep to nylohyoid

38
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open out?

A

Either side of frenulum of tongue

39
Q

Describe the location of the sublingual glands

A

Scattered along the submandibular duct into which some of them open

40
Q

Recall the innervation of the muscles of mastecation

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal (V3)

41
Q

Recall the function of buccinator

A

Presses cheeks against molars when chewing

42
Q

What sort of tissue makes up the articular disc of the TMJ?

A

fibrocartilaginous

43
Q

Describe the origin of the lingual nerve?

A

Main origin = V3, exits via foramen ovale

Also a contribution from facial nerve through chorda tympani

44
Q

Which nerve is the main contributor to the inferior dental plexus?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

45
Q

How many teeth in a full adult set? Recall how many of each type

A 
32 including wisdom teeth:
Per quadrant:
2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars
46
Q

Describe where you would test each of the dermatomes of the face

A 
V1  = forehead
V2 = Between nose and lip, or cheek
V3 = Chin or more lateral cheek

LCRS Y2: Anatomy of the head, neck and spine (6 decks)

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