Neck and face Flashcards
Recall the functional compartments of the neck
Anterior visceral
Posterior vertebral
2 Lateral neurovascular compartments
At what vertebral layer is the open mouth?
C1
At what vertebral layer is the body of the hyoid?
C3
At what vertebral layer is the cricoid cartilage?
C6
Define the boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
Anterior = Anterior border of SCM, inferior border of mandible Posterior = posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius, middle 1/3 of clavicle
Recall the suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Recall the infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Recall the origins of each belly of the digastric
Anterior belly = lower inner mandible
Posterior belly = mastoid notch on temporal bone
Recall the innervation of each belly of the digastric
Anterior = CNV2 Posterior = CNVII
What is the function of mylohyoid?
Support and elevation of floor of mouth
Recall the insertion of omohyoid
Superior border of scapula
Which muscles are also referred to as the “strap” muscles?
Infrahyoid
Recall the pathway of the right subclavian artery
Branches from BCT posterior to SC joint
Arches superolaterally, crossing ant. scalene
Crosses rib 1 –> axillary artery
Recall the pathway of the left subclavian artery
Lies posterior to left common carotid + lateral to trachea
Ascend and arches laterally
Recall 5 possible complications of central venous line insertion
Pneumothorax Nerve damage Embolism Thrombosis Infection
Recall the course of the vertebral arteries
Medial to anterior scalene
Enters transverse foramen of C6
Enters skull via foramen magnum
Describe the location of the scalene muscles in coronary section
Lateral to vertebrae
Posterior, middle and anterior bellies
Within buccopharyngeal fascia
Recall the landmark of insertion of a central venous line
palpate common carotid, insert needle into the IJV just lateral to it
Recall the 3 main branches of the subclavian
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic
Recall the lymphatic drainage of the face and scalp
= SUPERFICIAL nodes 5 groups: Occipital Mastoid (O+M --> IJV) Parotid Submandibular Submental (P, S + S --> deep CERVICAL nodes --> anterior jugular vein)
Where are the superficial and deep cervical nodes located?
Superficial = EJV on surface of SCM Deep = IJV
Recall the drainage of lymph from the deep cervical nodes
Deep cervical nodes –> right and left jugular trunks –> right lymphatic duct/ thoracic duct
How can cervical lymphadenopathy indicate disease? (2 ways)
Soft/ tender = infection
Firm/ large volume= lymphoma
Recall the path of the phrenic nerves
- Upper lateral border of anterior scalene –> cross down over anterior surface
- Passes between SCVs to enter thorax:
Right = close to IVC
Left = pierces diaphragm
Recall the course of the spinal accessory nerve in the neck
Crosses IJV at level of posterior belly of digastric, pierces SCM and –> trapezius
What is the platysma?
Thin sheet of muscle overlaying the anterior triangle of the neck
Recall the 5 main branches of the external carotid artery
Occipital Facial Posterior auricular Maxillary Transverse facial
What lies within the carotid sheath?
IJV
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve
Which membrane is ruptured in an emergency to produce a temporary airway?
The membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Which muscles runs from the midpoint of the inferior maxilla to the hyoid?
Geniohyoid
Recall the key superficial veins draining the face and scalp
Posterior auricular and EJV, transverse cervical and retromandibular –> main EJV
There is also an anterior jugular vein
Recall 4 of the nerves supplying the neck
Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Accessory
Supraclavicular