Neck and face

Question 1

Recall the functional compartments of the neck

Answer 1

Anterior visceral
Posterior vertebral
2 Lateral neurovascular compartments

Question 2

At what vertebral layer is the open mouth?

Answer 2

C1

Question 3

At what vertebral layer is the body of the hyoid?

Answer 3

C3

Question 4

At what vertebral layer is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 4

C6

Question 5

Define the boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck

Answer 5

Anterior = Anterior border of SCM, inferior border of mandible
Posterior = posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius, middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 6

Recall the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 6

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 7

Recall the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 7

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid

Question 8

Recall the origins of each belly of the digastric

Answer 8

Anterior belly = lower inner mandible

Posterior belly = mastoid notch on temporal bone

Question 9

Recall the innervation of each belly of the digastric

Answer 9

Anterior = CNV2
Posterior = CNVII

Question 10

What is the function of mylohyoid?

Answer 10

Support and elevation of floor of mouth

Question 11

Recall the insertion of omohyoid

Answer 11

Superior border of scapula

Question 12

Which muscles are also referred to as the “strap” muscles?

Answer 12

Infrahyoid

Question 13

Recall the pathway of the right subclavian artery

Answer 13

Branches from BCT posterior to SC joint
Arches superolaterally, crossing ant. scalene
Crosses rib 1 –> axillary artery

Question 14

Recall the pathway of the left subclavian artery

Answer 14

Lies posterior to left common carotid + lateral to trachea

Ascend and arches laterally

Question 15

Recall 5 possible complications of central venous line insertion

Answer 15

Pneumothorax
Nerve damage
Embolism
Thrombosis
Infection

Question 16

Recall the course of the vertebral arteries

Answer 16

Medial to anterior scalene
Enters transverse foramen of C6
Enters skull via foramen magnum

Question 17

Describe the location of the scalene muscles in coronary section

Answer 17

Lateral to vertebrae
Posterior, middle and anterior bellies
Within buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 18

Recall the landmark of insertion of a central venous line

Answer 18

palpate common carotid, insert needle into the IJV just lateral to it

Question 19

Recall the 3 main branches of the subclavian

Answer 19

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic

Question 20

Recall the lymphatic drainage of the face and scalp

Answer 20

= SUPERFICIAL nodes
5 groups:
Occipital
Mastoid
(O+M --> IJV)
Parotid
Submandibular
Submental
(P, S + S --> deep CERVICAL nodes --> anterior jugular vein)

Question 21

Where are the superficial and deep cervical nodes located?

Answer 21

Superficial = EJV on surface of SCM
Deep = IJV

Question 22

Recall the drainage of lymph from the deep cervical nodes

Answer 22

Deep cervical nodes –> right and left jugular trunks –> right lymphatic duct/ thoracic duct

Question 23

How can cervical lymphadenopathy indicate disease? (2 ways)

Answer 23

Soft/ tender = infection

Firm/ large volume= lymphoma

Question 24

Recall the path of the phrenic nerves

Answer 24

1. Upper lateral border of anterior scalene –> cross down over anterior surface
2. Passes between SCVs to enter thorax:
   Right = close to IVC
   Left = pierces diaphragm

Question 25

Recall the course of the spinal accessory nerve in the neck

Answer 25

Crosses IJV at level of posterior belly of digastric, pierces SCM and –> trapezius

Question 26

What is the platysma?

Answer 26

Thin sheet of muscle overlaying the anterior triangle of the neck

Question 27

Recall the 5 main branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 27

Occipital
Facial
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Transverse facial

Question 28

What lies within the carotid sheath?

Answer 28

IJV
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve

Question 29

Which membrane is ruptured in an emergency to produce a temporary airway?

Answer 29

The membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 30

Which muscles runs from the midpoint of the inferior maxilla to the hyoid?

Answer 30

Geniohyoid

Question 31

Recall the key superficial veins draining the face and scalp

Answer 31

Posterior auricular and EJV, transverse cervical and retromandibular –> main EJV
There is also an anterior jugular vein

Question 32

Recall 4 of the nerves supplying the neck

Answer 32

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Accessory
Supraclavicular