oral cavity and pharynx Flashcards
what does palatine tonsils lie between
palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch
name muscles of palate
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
palatopharyngeus
musculus uvulae
what muscles help elevate palate
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
what nerve supplies muscles of palate
vagus nerve CN X except for tensor veli palatini which is supplied by mandibular nerve CNV3
what provides blood supply to palate
external carotid > maxillary artery > descending palatine > greater and lesser palatine
greater palatine supplies hard palate and lesser palatine supplies soft palate
what divides the tongue into the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
terminal sulcus
what can be seen on either side of the frenulum
the lingual vein and sublingual folds (submandibular ducts)
extrinsic muscles of tongue and their overall role
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
role is to alter position
intrinsic muscles of tongue and their role
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
septum
role of extrinsic muscles
genioglossus - protrudes tongue
styloglossus - elevates tongue and retracts
hyoglossus - depresses the sides of the tongue
palatoglossus - muscle of tongue and soft palate
what vessels travel around hyoglossus
the lingual artery from external carotid enters the tongue between hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles
the hypoglossal and lingual nerves enter the tongue on the external surface of the hyoglossus
what motor nerve innervates muscles of tongue
hypoglossal CN XII for all except palatoglossus which is vagus CN X
outline nerve supply for anterior 2/3rd of tongue
general sensation via mandibular division of trigeminal CN V3
taste via facial nerve CN VII
outline nerve supply for posterior 1/3rd
general sensation and taste via glossopharyngeal CN IX
what provides blood supply to tongue
lingual artery from external carotid
what provides venous drainage from tongue
deep lingual and dorsal lingual veins drain tongue into internal jugular vein
what are the tonsils and where are they
pharyngeal tonsils - nasopharynx
tubal tonsils - nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - oropharynx
lingual tonsils - posterior third of tongue
what holds nasopharynx open
pharyngobasilar fascia
what nerve supplies the pharyngeal constrictors
vagus CN X via pharyngeal plexus
what is special about inferior pharyngeal constrictor
it has a lower circular cricopharyngeus that forms a sphincter around the upper oesophagus preventing air being drawn into stomach during inhalation
what is role of constrictors
contract and force food bolus down oesophagus
what is role of elevators
ensure simultaneous elevation of pharynx and larynx during swallowing
name the elevators
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
outline the palatopharyngeus
it elevates the pharynx and larynx
also draws soft palate downwards
supplied by vagus CN X
outline the stylopharyngeus
originates from styloid process
elevates pharynx and larynx
only pharyngeal muscle to be supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
outline the salpingopharyngeus
originates from auditory tube
elevates pharynx and larynx
also helps open auditory tube during swallowing for pressure equalisation in middle ear
supplied by vagus CN X
outline the pharyngeal plexus
lies over the external pharyngeal wall over middle constrictor and receives branches of CN IX and CN X
the plexus supplies pharyngeal musculature (+ levator palati, palatopharyngeus & palatoglossus
gag reflex innervation
afferent (sensory) CN IX
efferent (motor) CN X
outline pharyngeal sensory supply
oropharynx, palatine tonsil, inferior aspect of soft palate and posterior 1/3 of tongue supplied by CN IX
laringopharynx, vallecula and epiglottis supplied by CN X
soft palate anterior CN V2 and posterior CN IX
