Oral Cavity Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two epithelial layers associated with tooth bud formation and development?
A
ameloblasts of enamel origin
odontoblasts of dental papilla
2
Q
Where are the taste buds found in circumvallate papillae?
A
laterally around the base within the sulcus
3
Q
Which duct of the parotid gland opens into the vestibule, opposite the maxillary second molar?
A
Stenson’s duct
4
Q
What structures does the periodontium include?
A
epithelium, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
5
Q
What joint allows for lateral and anterior-posterior motion important for chewing and grinding?
A
TMJ
6
Q
Do capillaries run with the periodontal ligament?
A
YES
7
Q
Which tonsils make up Waldenyer’s ring?
A
lingual
palatine
pharyngeal
8
Q
The development of ____ induces the differentiation of odontoblasts; the calcification of ____ induces the deposition of enamel.
A
ameloblasts; dentin
9
Q
What are the taste cells surrounded by?
A
sustentacular cells and basal cells for support
10
Q
___ are modified for cutting and biting.
A
Incisors
11
Q
What secretes hydroxyapatite?
A
ameloblasts
12
Q
What is the flattened posterior surface of the lower molars known as?
A
talonoid
13
Q
Which taste buds are located primarily on the circumvallate papillae?
A
bitter; umami
14
Q
Where do terminal taste hairs project into?
A
central taste pore (within the overlying mucosa)
15
Q
___ salivary production exacerbates tooth decay.
A
Decreased
16
Q
Where do the internal and external epithelium of a tooth meet?
A
at the Hertwig’s root sheath
17
Q
What is the part of the tooth called that rests between the root and crown?
A
neck
18
Q
Which two layers does the tooth form between?
A
condensed mesenchyme (papilla) and epithelial tooth bud (enamel)
19
Q
What is associated with a taste cell?
A
taste pore, taste hairs, glycoprotein coat, sustentacular cells, basal cells
20
Q
____ is caused by the accumulation of calcified food and bacterial debris in the gingival sulcus.
A
Periodontal disease
21
Q
How is dentin arranged?
A
in dentin tubules, which are hollow, parallel tubes radiating out from pulp cavity
22
Q
What determines the 3D shape of the tooth crown?
A
overall shape of the enamel organ
23
Q
What is the average lifespan of a human taste bud?
A
10 days
24
Q
When does the dental lamina fragment and atrophy?
A
after the deposition of dentin and enamel
25
____ are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and secrete HCO3 (bicarbonate) and resorb Cl (chloride).
Intercalated ducts
26
Do filiform papillae lack taste buds?
YES (primarily tactile function)
27
Where to the striated and intercalated ducts drain to?
larger excretory ducts
28
___ possess basal striations due to the folding of the plasma membrane.
Striated ducts
29
Is there a genetic basis for taste?
YES
30
If a person was considered a "super-taster," what would the results of their PTC test be?
they would taste the bitterness of the PTC
31
What are the occasional clusters of epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament called?
vestigial epithelial rests of Malassez
32
What cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
```
V (5)
VII (7)
IX (9)
X (10)
XII (12)
```
33
Where are circumvallate papillae located on the tongue?
immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis
34
Which is thicker, a parakeratinized or non-keratinized epithelium?
parakeratinized
35
What is the bulk of a tooth composed of? What is the material?
dentin; less mineralized hydroxyapatite and Type I collagen
36
Cranial nerves __, __, and __ contribute to taste.
VII; IX; X
37
Between which two layers does the tooth form in development?
the convex surface of the dental papilla and the concave surface of the enamel organ
38
____ are animals with teeth that act as a grinder.
Multituberculates
39
Hydroxyapatite crystals are manufactured by ___ in the cementum, which then later mature into cementocytes.
cementoblasts
40
What is a PTC test?
a phenylthiocarbamide test used to determine the genetics of taste
41
What type of acid in food and drink erodes the calcified enamel?
weak acids
42
The cells of the enamel organ progressively differentiate to become ____, composed of GAGs.
stellate reticulum
43
In which type of dentition are all teeth very similar?
homodont dentition
44
Where is Waldenyer's ring located?
bordering the nasopharynx
45
Do foliate papillae degenerate with age?
YES - contain taste buds in children but not adults
46
Calcification of the dentin matrix secondarily induces enamel production by ___.
ameloblasts
47
What is the permanent dental formula?
I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3
48
Are the lips highly sensitive?
YES
49
Saliva is high in __ and __, and low in __.
K; bicarbonate; Na
50
What cells surround acini?
myoepithelial cells
51
Which papillae are associated with von Ebner's salivary glands?
foliate papillae
| circumvallate papillae
52
Lingual, labial, buccal, molar, and palatine glands are what kind of gland?
minor, accessory glands
53
Where do you find taste buds in the human body?
tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis
54
Each taste cells contains receptors for ___ taste; individual taste buds contain ___.
1; a mixture of taste cells
55
Cranial nerve __ contributes to general sensation and taste posterior to the sulcus terminalis of the tongue.
IX
56
Dentin is ____ in origin.
mesodermal
57
What type of epithelium lines the gingival sulcus? What is it susceptible to?
crevicular epithelium; bacterial disease such as gingivitis and periodontitis
58
What are the fibers called that make up the fibers of the periodontal ligament that attach cementum to the ligament?
Sharpey's fibers
59
What are the components of saliva?
```
water
glycoproteins (mucus)
proteins
enzymes (amy, lyso)
antibodies (IgA + ions)
```
60
Is the lingual tonsil similar to the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils?
YES - in both structure and function
61
Hydroxyapatite is ___ in origin.
ectodermal
62
Which papillae are associated with von Ebner's glands?
foliate papillae
63
Which permanent teeth do not have precursors?
the molars
64
Is the masticatory mucosa keratinized?
YES - keratinized or parakeratinized
65
Where is specialized mucosa restricted to?
dorsal surface of the tongue
66
What underlies the mucosal tissue in the caudal 1/3 of the tongue?
mass of lymphoid tissue called the lingual tonsil
67
___ contains stellate fibroblasts, reticular fibers, collagen, and ground substance.
Dental pulp
68
Odontoblast processes are also called ___.
Tome's fibers
69
Which type of oral mucosa lacks a stratum corneum?
lining mucosa
70
What is the embryological derivation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
ectoderm
71
What is the tooth root covered by?
a thin layer of cementum
72
What are the two divisions of gingiva that covers the upper alveolar bone and form the cuff around the neck of the tooth, respectively?
attached gingiva; free gingiva
73
Which ducts resorb Na, secrete K into saliva and also secrete lysozyme and IgA?
striated ducts
74
____ is the stage of enamel formation.
Amelogenesis
75
What is the primary antibody ubiquitous in saliva?
secretory IgA
76
What structure do taste cells have?
terminal taste hairs
77
Which papillae are found in furrows or ridges on the lateral portion of the tongue?
foliate papillae
78
In humans, where are taste buds located?
on the papillae of the tongue
79
Why is saliva high in K and HCO3, and low in Na?
because of the actions of the striated and intercalated ducts within the oral cavity
80
Which gland is the largest, located in the cheeks, and almost completely serous?
parotid glands
81
What are the tissues that surround and support the tooth structure collectively referred to as?
periodontium
82
What is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue derived from embryologically?
pharyngeal mesoderm
83
Which type of stimulation results in large amounts of watery saliva?
parasympathetic
84
When do the enamel organ and ameloblasts degenerate?
at the time of tooth eruption
85
Is specialized mucosa keratinized?
YES
86
What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
87
Swallowing is also called ___.
deglutition
88
Enamel rods extend from ____ at the enamel surface to the ___.
ameloblasts; DEJ
89
What are the two embryologically-derived portions of the tongue divided by?
sulcus terminalis
90
Is dentin similar to bone?
YES - but more mineralized
91
Is enamel mineralization uniform?
NO - it is a non-uniform process
92
Inflammation of the gums is ___; inflammation of the periodontal ligament is ___.
gingivitis; periodontitis
93
What type of coating are terminal taste hairs covered by?
glycoprotein coat
94
Dental pulp is ___ in origin, resembling the primitive mesenchyme.
mesodermal
95
Which part of the tooth is showing potential as a source of autologous, pluripotential stem cells?
dental pulp
96
___ are for puncturing and holding.
Canines
97
What glands do lips lack?
sweat and sebaceous glands
98
Where do you find the accessory salivary glands scattered throughout the tongue?
within lamina propria and between muscle layers
99
What nerves innervate taste buds/cells?
cranial nerves VII, IX, and X
100
In humans, when does tooth development begin in utero?
6th week
101
What are the components of dentin?
GAGs
Type I collagen
less-mineralized hydroxyapatite crystals
102
After eruption, the dental papilla shrinks and becomes the ____.
dental pulp
103
What type of structure does the specialized mucosa of the tongue contain?
papillae
104
What structure of the palate contains a central core of skeletal muscle?
uvula
105
Which cranial nerve contributes to the motor function of the tongue?
XII (and potentially X)
106
What is the thin band of connective tissue called that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
frenulum
107
What part of the tooth is NOT mesodermal in origin?
enamel (hydoxyapatite)
108
___ converts starch to sugar.
Amylase
109
Speech, facial expressions, sensory perception, and respiration are also the responsibility of the ___.
oral cavity
110
What is one of the implications of a dry mouth? What is lost?
they lose the acquired protective pellicle on their teeth
111
What is the oral cavity bounded by?
hard and soft palate superiorly, tongue and floor of mouth inferiorly, teeth anteriorly and laterally, oropharynx posteriorly
112
What material covers the entirety of the most external portion of the tooth crown?
hydroxyapatite crystals
113
What determines the cross-sectional outline of a tooth?
shape of the epithelial sheath of Hertwig
114
How is orthodontia accomplished?
by osteoblast and osteoclast activity in the alveolus
115
Which papillae are located on the anteriorly to the sulcus terminalis?
fungiform papillae
| filiform papillae
116
Which gland is located below the tongue and is mostly mucous?
sublingual glands
117
___ is secreted by odontoblasts of dental papilla as a non-mineralized material.
Dentin
118
What is the single, apical, secretory process of an ameloblast called?
Tome's process
119
What are enamel rods separated by?
interprismatic material
120
What does the central pulp cavity of a tooth contain?
sensory nerves and blood vessels
121
Where would you find the taste buds of fungiform papillae?
dorsal surface
122
Foliate papillae are located on the ___ border of the tongue.
lateral
123
What angle do Sharpey's fibers run?
oblique
124
During which week of fetal development does the epithelial ridge arise from the oral epithelium?
6th week
125
Does the periodontal ligament allow movement of the tooth?
YES - slight movement is allowed during mastication
126
What is the neck of the tooth protected by?
the masticatory oral mucosa of the gingiva
127
What is the primary function of filiform papillae?
tactile function
128
Serous acini are often in the form of ___ in mixed glands.
demilunes
129
When should tetracycline NOT be administered to a patient? Why?
during the development of permanent dentition (6-12 years); the drug is incorporated into the teeth and results in a yellow discoloration
130
Where would you find taste buds on foliate papillae?
laterally
131
What type of nerve endings are taste cells associated with?
myelinated nerve endings
132
The ___ has many submucosal glands associated with it and is covered by a lining mucosa.
uvula
133
Dentin is innervated by ___ nerve fibers.
myelinated
134
What covers the teeth with the acquired pellicle?
proteins present in saliva
135
What are some additional names for certain cusps used in evolutionary studies?
protocone
metacone
paracone
136
What compound can taste whether or not a person is a "taster?"
phenylthiocarbamide
137
What do oval taste buds consist of?
spindle-shaped central taste cells containing terminal taste hairs
138
Bits of the surrounding mesenchyme form the dental follicle, which later forms the ___.
periodontal ligament
139
What forms the dental lamina that eventually becomes the jaws?
epithelial ridge
140
What is tooth formation initiated by?
the deposition of organic pre-dentin by odontoblasts on the surface of the dental papilla
141
Which cells of the enamel organ become the tall, columnar ameloblasts that will produce enamel?
internal enamel epithelium
142
What is the hereditary condition called that results in the total absence of taste buds?
Type I familial dysautonomia
143
Odontoblasts produce ___.
dentin
144
What are the rod-like cytoplasmic processes of odontoblasts called?
Tome's fibers
145
In each quadrant, the lamina develops several globular ___ swellings (one for each deciduous tooth).
ectodermal
146
___ contain long, rod-like processes of odontoblasts called Tome's fibers.
Dentin tubules
147
What is the stage of odontogenesis where cells lining the outer convex surface of the enamel organ become external enamel epithelium and the cells lining the concave surface of the enamel organ form the internal enamel epithelium?
bell stage
148
The ameloblasts and odontoblasts of odontogenesis are in ____ of each other.
direct apposition
149
What is the tongue inferiorly supported by?
a frenulum
150
What is the function of the uvula?
it prevents food from entering nasal cavity during swallowing
151
Where are von Ebner's glands?
at the base of the papillae
152
What are the 5 basic tastes?
sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami
153
___ is an antibacterial agent.
Lysozyme
154
Cementum is ___ in origin.
mesodermal
155
Low-crowned molars are referred to as ___; high-crowned molars are referred to as ___.
bunodont; hypsodont
156
Which gland is located inferiorly and medially to the ramus of the mandible and has mixed salivary glands?
submandibular glands
157
Why is the uvula technically considered voluntary, or at least theoretically so?
because the core contains skeletal muscle
158
Which duct of the submandibular gland opens at the sublingual caruncle?
Wharton's duct
159
What part of the tooth bud eventually becomes the dental papilla?
condensed mesenchyme
160
Which papillae are located posteriorly to the sulcus terminalis?
circumvallate papillae
161
The contraction of what cells aid in the secretion of saliva?
myoepithelial cells
162
What is another term for taste cells?
gustatory cells
163
___ are mushroom-shaped and scattered among filiform papillae.
Fungiform papillae
164
What is responsible for the changes in taste with age?
degeneration of taste buds past the age of 45
165
What involves the cutting, chewing, and grinding of food by the occlusal surfaces of teeth?
mastication
166
Cranial nerve __ contributes to the general sensation of the tongue anterior to the sulcus terminalis.
V
167
Where are submucosal glands distributed throughout the body?
throughout the submucosa of the oral cavity
168
___ is the inability or decreased ability to detect taste.
Hypogeusia
169
What is the secretory unit of a compound/branches tubuloacinar salivary gland?
acinus
170
What is the initial shape of the enamel organ? What is this stage?
cup-shaped; cap stage
171
The formation of what allows for food to pass through the esophagus?
bolus
172
The tooth is formed between opposing layers of ___ cells.
columnar epithelial
173
What are the raised points on occlusal surfaces called?
cusps
174
We are omnivores, which means our teeth are ___.
bunodontial
175
What type of epithelium are both portions of the tongue covered by?
stratified squamous epithelium
176
The ___ is an extension of the posterior free margin of the soft palate.
uvula
177
The ____ is responsible for ingestion, fragmentation, and moistening of food.
oral cavity
178
What are the functions of saliva?
- moistens food and mouth
- provides carrier medium for taste
- buffering
- digestion of carbs via amylase
- immunologic function
- control of bacterial flora
179
Why do we get a dry mouth when we are nervous?
our saliva thickens and becomes much less watery and abundant
180
The ____ is the area enclosed between the lips and the teeth.
vestibule
181
Which type of duct possess simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium?
striated ducts
182
____ cells do not lose their nuclei in the stratum corneum.
Parakeratinized
183
Which papillae form a row of 8-12 large, dome-shaped structures?
circumvallate papillae
184
How does the permanent dentition form in odontogenesis?
as side growths or buds of the dental lamina and the deciduous enamel organs
185
What part of the tongue contains keratinized tissue?
anterior 2/3
186
What is the function of Waldenyer's ring?
to protect the respiratory and digestive tract
187
___ and ___ are for grinding and crushing.
Premolars; molars
188
When does a child begin to develop teeth?
6-30 months of age
189
The ____ half of the tooth bud forms the enamel organs; the ___ half forms the dental papilla.
superficial; deep
190
Where would you find the most concentrated receptors for butter tastes?
circumvallate papillae
191
The root is embedded in the ___, in a tooth socket called the ___.
alveolar ridge; alveolus
192
Enamel mineralization results in highly calcified ____ or prisms that are roughly hexagonal.
enamel rods
193
What is the space called that is situated between the free gingiva and the crown?
gingival sulcus/crevice
194
What are the 3 different types of mucosa located in the oral cavity?
lining mucosa
masticatory mucosa
specialized mucosa
195
Cells lining the convex surface of the dental papilla develop into ____.
odontoblasts
196
Aspartate and glutamate would be detected by which taste?
umami
197
The outer rim of the enamel organ is known as the ____.
epithelial sheath of Hertwig (Hertwig's root sheath)
198
The ___ is a muscular organ composed of interlacing skeletal muscle fibers that are specialized for manipulation of food and sensation of taste.
tongue
199
Which type of papillae is the most numerous, short, and distributed in parallel rows?
filiform papillae
200
Which type of stimulation inhibits aqueous secretions, resulting in thick and viscous saliva rich in proteins?
sympathetic
201
____ presents in areas of high abrasion, such as the gingiva and hard palate.
Masticatory mucosa
202
____ is non-keratinized mucosa found on the inner cheeks, floor of the mouth, and the inferior surface of the tongue and soft palate.
Lining mucosa
203
What is the primary dental formula?
I 2/2, C 1/1, M 2/2
204
How many ameloblasts does it take to form a prism?
1
205
What forms the dentin tubules?
the odontoblast processes that are embedded in the dentin matrix
206
Teeth are divided into a __ and a __.
root; crown
207
What is the zone called that is between the external haired skin on the face and internal oral mucosa?
Vermillion border
208
What is the color of the lips derived from?
vascular dermis and thin, overlying keratinized epidermis
209
How is the cementum anchored to the periodontal ligament?
by periodontal fibers
210
What is the process of tooth development called?
odontogenesis
