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5th yr- CMS2 > oral cancer > Flashcards

oral cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How many people in teh uK have Oral cancer

A

5-10 per 100,000

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2
Q

Is oral cancer more common in men or women

A

Men (2:1)

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3
Q

What Is the peak age for oral cancer

A

55-65 But anyone can get it

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4
Q

What are some of the risk factors for oral cancer

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Alcohol
  3. Beetle nut and Araca nut
  4. Chewing tobacco
  5. Human papilloma virus (HPV)
  6. Immunosuppression
  7. Fanconi anaemia
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5
Q

What is Fanconi anaemia

A

A disease that impairs the ability of DNA to repair itself

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6
Q

Talk through how normal mucosa reacts when it gets damaged

A
  1. Normal mucosa
  2. Dysplasia (cellular abnormalities in the mucosa)
  3. Carcinoma in situ when damage occurs all the way through the mucosa
  4. Invasive carcinoma characterised by destruction of the basal membrane
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7
Q

Talk through how oral cancer progresses clinically

A
  1. Primary site seen on the lateral aspect of the tongue
  2. Regional metastases of lymph nodes
  3. Distant metastases
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8
Q

Name a common primary site for oral cancer

A

Lateral aspect of the tongue

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9
Q

What is a symptom

A

Something the patient experiences

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10
Q

What is a sign

A

Something a clinician might see

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11
Q

Gives some symptoms of oral cancer

A
  1. Pain/ discomfort
  2. May be painless
  3. May be present for a long time
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12
Q

Give some signs of oral cancer

A
  1. White patch in the mouth (leukoplakia)
  2. Red patch (erythplacia)
  3. Speckled patch (speckled leukoplakia)
  4. Ulcer especially lasting more than 3 weeks
  5. Lumps
  6. Unexplained loose teeth- poorly defined radiolucency
  7. Unexplained bleeding
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13
Q

Name a high risk site for a white patch in the mouth

A

Floor of the mouth

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14
Q

Why is early diagnosis of oral cancer important

A

Increases chances of survival and improved quality of life

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15
Q

What causes a white patch

A

Thickened epithelium and moisture

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16
Q

What can cause white patches in the mouth

A
  1. Frictional keratosis
  2. Lichen planus
  3. Chronic hyperpalstic candidiasis
  4. Idiopathic (eg geographic tongue)
  5. Smokers keratosis
  6. Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis
  7. Oral leukoplakia
    8.
17
Q

Where can you get white patches in the mouth

A
  1. Tongue
  2. Floor of mouth
  3. Buccal mucosa
18
Q

How can we make a diagnosis of what a white patch is

A

Through a biopsy

19
Q

How is cancer staged

A
  1. Tumour node metastasis (TNM)
  2. Group stage 1-4
20
Q

How is cancer staged

A
  1. Tumour node metastasis (TNM)
  2. Group stage 1-4
21
Q

How is oral cancer treated

A
  1. Surgery of primary site
  2. Surgery of regional lymph nodes
  3. Reconstruction surgery
  4. Radiotherapy
  5. Chemotherapy
  6. Rehabilitation
  7. Follow up
22
Q

What are some risks of radiotherapy

A
  1. Skin reactions
  2. Mucositis
  3. Oropharyngeal thrush
  4. Xerostomia
  5. Osteoradionecrosis
23
Q

Give examples of chemotherapy agents we may give alongside radiotherapy

A
  1. Cisplatin
  2. 5- Fluouracil
  3. Cetuximab
24
Q

What does chemotherapy affect

A

Cell division or blood supply to tumour
It also exaggerates the side effects of radiotherapy

25
Q

What are some of the side effects of chemotherapy

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Bruining
  3. Infection
  4. Deafness
26
Q

What are some of the effects of oral cancer treatment

A
  1. Loss of teeth
  2. Changes in soft tissues
  3. Changes in hard tissues
  4. Dry mouth
  5. Caries risk
  6. Osteoradionecrosis
27
Q

What is the role of a dentist or hygienist in the long term care of a oral cancer patient

A
  1. Managing teeth loss
  2. Providing dentures
  3. Managing changes in hard and soft tissues
  4. Managing caries risk
  5. Managing risk of osteoradionecoris
  6. Monitoring cancer recurrence
28
Q

When are do followups occur for cancer patients post treatment

A

every month for the first yr
every 2 months for the second year
Every 3 months for the 3rd yr
every 4-6 months in the 4th yr
discharged if no changes in the 5th yr

5th yr- CMS2 (9 decks)

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