Odontomes and Odontogenic Tumours Flashcards
Define tumour
A swelling or excessive growth
Define neoplasm
New growth of tissue occurring outside of normal homeostatic mechanism
May be histologically/cytologically immature or abnormal
Define hamartoma
A mass of disorganised tissue native to the anatomical location
Histological mature cells but arranged in a disorganised manner
It develops as we develop
Where can harmatomas form
- Lungs
- Liver
All cancers are what
Neoplasms (but not all neoplasms are cancers)
All harmatomas are what
Tumours (but not all tumours are harmatomas)
Define malignant
Disease process with potential for impairing quality of life and life expectancy
If untreated is likely to kill the patient
Define benign
Disease process with limited potential for impairing life expectancy
It is unlikely to kill the patient if untreated buy may persist and impair quality of life
If benign and malignant make up two opposite ends of a spectrum what category may we find in the middle
Locally invasive/ aggressive
Give an example of a locally invasive/ aggressive cancer
Basil cell carcinoma
What are odontomes
Abnormal growth of tooth forming tissues (harmatomas)
Give examples of odontomes
- Invaginated odontome
- Evaginated odontome
- Enamel pearl
- Complex odontome
- Compound odontome
How can invaginated odontomes present as
A deep cingulum pit
Dens in dentre
What is dens in dente
Invagination of a tooth to the point a new tooth forms from a previous tooth
How can evaginated odontomes present
- Extra enamel on tooth
- Talon cusps
In which teeth are invaginated and evaginated odontomes more common in
Anterior teeth
Maxilla more common than mandible
What causes the formation of an enamel pearl
Disruption of the enamel follicle leading to a small pearl of enamel forming
Where do compound and complex odontomes arise form
Tooth forming tissues
What are compound odontomes
A mass of little teeth
What are complex odontomes
Hermatomas of dental tissue that are much more disorganised and present as a disorganised mass
When do odontomes occur
Can occur at any age but more common in teens
What might odontomes be associated with
Failure to erupt or missing teeth
How are odontomes treated
Removal
How do odontomes present on a radiograph
As radiopacities
What is na ameloblastoma
A tumour
Describe amelobalstomas
Painless slow growing locally aggressive/invasive tumour
Do ameloblastoma matastesitse
Very rarely but ameloblasts are likely to reoccur
What is the origin of amelobalstomas
dental lamina
How many people have an ameloblastomas
2 per million
In whom are ameloblastomas most common
40-50 Years
10 time more common in black African people
Where are ameloblastomas usually found
Mandible>maxilla
Posterior> antieror
How do ameloblastomas present on a radiograph
As a multilocular radiolucency
What can ameloblastomas cause
Significant expansion of bone
External resorption of teeth
Damage to teeth
How do ameloblstomas present clinically
Slow growing painless expansile lesions
They may be an incidental finding
List the different classifications of ameloblastomas
- Follicular
- Plexiform
- Unicystic
How do we confirm a diagnosis of amelobalstoma
Biopsy
How do we manage ameloblastomas
- Confirm diagnosis
- Assess extent with a radiograph
- Remove by local resection +/- reconstruction
How do we remove a periodical cyst
Enucleation
How do we remove a keratocyst
Enucleation/ curettage
How do we remove an ameloblastoma
Local resection +/- reconstruction
How do we remove an oral cancer
Wide excision, reconstruction, radiotherapy
Rank ameloblastomas, oral cancer, periapcial cyst and keratocyst in most to least likely to reoccur
- Oral cancer (+++)
- Ameloblastoma (++)
- Keratocyst (+)
- Periapical cyst (-)
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