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5th yr- CMS2 > Immunological diseases > Flashcards

Immunological diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List components of innate immunity

A
  1. Phagocytic cells
  2. Complement
  3. Natural barriers such as skin, enzymes in tears etc
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2
Q

List components of adaptive immunity

A
  1. T cells
  2. B cell
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3
Q

When does immunodeficiency occur

A

When one or more components of the immune system are defective of absent

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4
Q

How can immunodeficiency be classified

A
  1. Primary/ inherited immunodeficiency
  2. Secondary/ acquired immunodeficiency
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5
Q

Which cells can be lacking in primary/ inherited immunodeficiency

A
  1. B cells
  2. T cells
  3. Combined B and T cells
  4. Neutrophils
  5. Complement
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6
Q

What can secondary/ acquired immunodeficiency be caused by

A
  1. Infections
  2. Lymphoproliferative disease
  3. Malnutrition
  4. Immunosuppressive drugs
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7
Q

What can immunodeficiency cause

A
  1. Infection
  2. Autoimmunity and malignancy
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8
Q

List some of the warning signs of immunodeficiency

A
  1. > 8 new ear infections in a yr
  2. > 2 serious sinus infections in a yr
  3. > 2 cases of pneumonia in a yr
  4. Recurrent deep skin or organ abcesses
  5. > 2 Deep seated infected
  6. Antibiotics for 2 months without effect
  7. Surgical intervention for chronic infection
  8. Persistent thrush in mouth or else where on the skin after age 1
  9. Failure to thrive
  10. Family history of immunodeficiency
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9
Q

Give examples of specific primary immunodeficiencies that may be seen in dental practice

A
  1. Common cartable immunodeficiency (CVID)
  2. Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome (WAS)
  3. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC)
  4. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
  5. deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor
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10
Q

What is Common cartable immunodeficiency (CVID) caused by

A

Cause unknown but thought to be due to multiple gene defects

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11
Q

What do patients with Common cartable immunodeficiency (CVID) present with

A

Recurrent bacterial infection and may present at any age

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12
Q

How do we treat Common cartable immunodeficiency (CVID)

A

Antibody replacement therapy

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13
Q

Who does Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) affect

A

Classically affects men as it is an X linked disorder

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14
Q

What is Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) associated with

A

Eczema
Low platelet counts
Recurrent infections

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15
Q

What are Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) suffers at risk of in the dental setting

A

Bleeding following dental treatment
Will require antibiotic prophylaxis

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16
Q

What does Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) present with

A

chronic candidal infection of the skin and mucous membrane
May also have an autoimmune endocrine deficiency

17
Q

How does Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
present

A

Present in childhood with recurrent deep abscesses
May also develop gingivitis and tooth loss

18
Q

What is Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
due to

A

The underlying immunological defect is a failure of the neutrophil oxidative burst and subsequent killing of organisms.

19
Q

What is Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor

A

Defects of the control protein C1 esterase inhibitor which may be inherited and result in uncontrolled activation of the complement pathway

20
Q

What do patients with Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor present with

A

Recurrent deep quelling with exposure to minor trauma or stress such as dental tx
Can develop fatal laryngeal oedema

21
Q

If you are aware a patent has an immunodeficiency what should you look out for upon examination

A
  1. Candidiasis
  2. Oral hairy leukoplakia
  3. Severe gingivitis
  4. Tooth loss
  5. Mouth ulceration
  6. Dry mouth
  7. Absent tonsils
  8. Skin changes
22
Q

What can oral candida be caused by

A
  1. Antibiotic therapy
  2. Steroid inhalers
  3. Dentures
  4. Secondary immunodeficiency
  5. Connective tissue disease
  6. Primary immunodeficiency
23
Q

What can mouth ulcers be caused by

A
  1. Aphthous
  2. Behçet’s syndrome
  3. SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
  4. Cancer
  5. Crohn’s disease
24
Q

What can gingivitis and tooth loss be caused by

A

1 .Pregnancy
2. Ciclosporin
3. Scurvy
4. Anticonvulsants
5. Chronic granulomatous disease (primary immunodeficiency)

25
Q

What is an autoimmune disease

A

If the body triggers as response to self molecules

25
Q

What is an autoimmune disease

A

If the body triggers as response to self molecules

5th yr- CMS2 (9 decks)

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