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5th yr- CMS2 > Cysts > Flashcards

Cysts Flashcards

1
Q

Define cyst

A

A pathological epithelial lined cavity within tissue

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2
Q

How can we categorise cysts

A

By either hard or soft tissue

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3
Q

What can hard tissue cysts be further divide into

A

1 Odontogenic
2. Non odontogenic
3. Non epithelialized (not cysts)

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4
Q

What can soft tissue cysts be further divided into

A
  1. Developmental
  2. Non developmental
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5
Q

Define odontogenic cysts

A

Cysts that arise from tooth forming tissues

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6
Q

Give examples of tooth forming tissues odontogenic cysts can arise from

A
  1. Enamel organ
  2. Follicle
  3. Epithelial cell rests
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7
Q

Give examples of odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Radicular cysts
  2. Dentigerous cysts
  3. Keratocyst
  4. Residual cysts
  5. Paradental cysts
  6. Lateral periodontal cyst
  7. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
  8. Glandular odontogenic cyst
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8
Q

List the 3 most common odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Radicular cysts (70%)
  2. Dentigerous cysts (15%)
  3. Keratocyst (10%)
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9
Q

How can we divide odontogenic cysts

A

As inflammatory or non inflammatory

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10
Q

Give examples of inflammatory odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Radicular
  2. Residual
  3. Paradental
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11
Q

Give examples of non inflammatory odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Dentigerous
  2. Keratocyst
  3. Lateral periodontal
  4. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
  5. Glandular odontologenic cyst
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12
Q

How do odontogenic cysts usually present

A

Usually asymptomatic are are just incidental findings on a radiograph
Can be associated with a swelling or movement/migration of teeth

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13
Q

What can happen to untreated odontogenic cysts

A

They can become infected leading to pain and swelling

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14
Q

How are odontogenic cysts seen radiographically

A

Typically well defined, corticated radiolucencies
May be unilocular (single centre) or multilocular (multiple centres)

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15
Q

Why are cysts a problem

A
  1. They grow
  2. They can move and damage teeth
  3. They can move and damage other strucutres
  4. Can become infected
  5. Can weaken bone leading to pathological fractures
  6. They can make treatment more complex
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16
Q

What are periapcial cysts also known as

A

inflammatory periapical cysts
radicular cyst

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17
Q

Where do periapical cysts form from

A

From cell rests that are activated by chronic inflammation leading to swelling and cyst formation

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18
Q

What can periapical cysts be confused with

A

Periapical granuloma

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19
Q

What are some differences between periapical granulomas and periapical cysts

A

Granuloma includes epithelial cells and white blood cells
If the tooth causing problems is extracted and the swelling stays then it is a granuloma not cyst

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20
Q

Describe periapcial cysts

A
  1. Centred around the apex
  2. Unilocular
  3. Well defined, corticated
  4. Caused by inflammation/ chronic infection
  5. Needs to be associated with a non vital tooth
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20
Q

How can a tooth become non vital

A
  1. RCT
  2. Caries
  3. Restoration
  4. Trauma
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21
Q

What are residual cysts also known as

A

Residual periapcial cysts

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22
Q

What is a residual cysts

A

When a pt had a periapical cyst the tooth was extracted but the cyst came back

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23
Q

What are dentigerous cysts associated with

A

Unerutped teeth

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24
Q

Where does a dentigerous cyst arise from

A

Dental follicle due to fluid collection between the follicle and enamel

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25
Q

What are dentigerous cysts limited to

A

The amelocemental junction (limit of the enamel at the neck of the tooth)

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26
Q

What can dentigerous cyst cause

A
  1. May move teeth
  2. May cause resorption of other teeth
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27
Q

Where do odontogenic keratocyst arise from

A

Dental lamina

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28
Q

Describe odontogenic keratocysts

A
  1. Multilocular
  2. More common in the mandible than maxilla
  3. Commonly found at the angle of the mandible
  4. Can be quite extensive
  5. Well defined
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29
Q

What can odotnogenic keratocysts cause

A

May damage adjacent teeth

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30
Q

What syndrome can odontogenic keratocysts be associated with

A

Gorlin Goltz syndrome

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31
Q

What are erupting cysts associated with

A

Erupting teeth

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32
Q

Describe how an eruption cyst may present clinically

A

Blue in colour
Round
Always associated with an erupting teeth
Usually clear once tooth has erupted

33
Q

Where is a lateral periodontal cyst found

A

On the side of a tooth Between the ameolcemental junction and apex

34
Q

Describe lateral periodontal cysts

A

Well defined, corticated
Unlocular
Tear drop shaped

35
Q

Describe lateral periodontal cysts

A

Well defined, corticated
Unlocular
Tear drop shaped
Associated with a VITAL TOOTH

36
Q

Where do lateral periodontal cysts arise from

A

Origin unknown may be dental lamina or follicle

37
Q

What are lateral periodontal cysts associated with

A

A vital tooth

38
Q

Name a variant of the lateral periodontal cyst

A

Botryoid variant

39
Q

What is special about the botryoid variant of lateral periodontal cysts

A

They appear like shapes and are multilocular versions of lateral periodontal cysts

40
Q

Name two rare cysts we should be aware of

A

Glandualr odontogenic cysts
Calcifying odontogenic cysts

41
Q

What can glandular and calcifying odontogenic cysts be associated with

A

OKC
Ameloblastoma
Other pathology

42
Q

Why are glandular odontogenic cysts important to be aware of

A

They are more likely to recurr

43
Q

Describe glandular odontogenic cyst on a radiograph

A
  1. Well defined radiolucency
  2. Unilocular
44
Q

What are calcifying odontogenic cyst

A

Rare presents like other cysts and contents areas of calcification/ odontoma tissue

45
Q

Describe non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

A

Developmental but not from tooth forming tissue
They are associated with embryology and the development of the face

46
Q

What is the palate formed by

A

fusion of 2 lateral structures and the pre maxilla w

47
Q

Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

A
  1. Nasopalatine duct cysts
  2. Globulomaxillary cyst
  3. Median palatal cyst
48
Q

Where are nasopalatine duct cysts found

A

In the midline of the palate

49
Q

How might a nasopalatine duct cyst present on a radiograph

A

Well defined corticated radiolucency

50
Q

Where are median palatal cysts found

A

Between the point of fusion of the palatal shells

50
Q

Where are globulomaxillary cysts found

A

Between the lateral incisor and canines

51
Q

What are non epithelialised cysts

A

Is not a cyst by definition

52
Q

Give examples of non epithelialised cysts

A
  1. Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity
  2. Solitary bone cyst
53
Q

What are solitary bone cysts also known as

A

Traumatic bone cyst
Unicameral cysts

54
Q

Describe solitary bone cysts

A
  1. Not odontogenic
  2. Not epithelial lined
  3. No expansion or movement
55
Q

What can soft tissue cysts be split into

A

Developmental and non developmental

56
Q

Naem some developmental cysts

A
  1. Dermoid cyst
  2. Branchial cleft cyst
  3. Thyroglossal duct cyst
57
Q

Where are dermoid cyst found

A

In the midline of the tongue

58
Q

What can be found in dermoid cysts

A

Hair
Sweat glands

59
Q

How do dermoid cysts present

A

As a sublingual swelling

60
Q

What makes a sinus different to a cyst

A

a blind ended opening that is epithelial lined where as a cyst is close ended and non epithelial lined. Cysts also open on to the surface

61
Q

Where is it common to get brachial cleft sinuses

A

on the side of the face along the ear or on the neck

62
Q

Where are thyroglossal duct cysts found

A

on the midline of the neck

63
Q

What are non developmental soft tissue cysts associated with

A

Salivary gland tissue

64
Q

How can non developmental soft tissue cysts be divided

A
  1. Mucus retention
  2. Mucus extravasation
65
Q

What is mucus retention

A

A cyst that leads to blockage within the gland or duct can effect the minor glands

66
Q

What is mucous extravasation

A

A cyst that can lead to an escape of saliva from traumatised glands or ducts can effect the minor or sublingual glands

67
Q

Give exmaples of non developmetnal cysts

A
  1. Ranula
  2. Lip mucocoeles
68
Q

Where are ranula found

A

Floor of the mouth

69
Q

What are ranulas assocated with

A

Minor or sublingual glands

70
Q

What type of non developmental cyst is a ranula

A

Mucus extravasation gland

71
Q

Where else can ranulas form

A

In the neck

72
Q

Where do lip mucoceles form

A

Lower lip only

73
Q

In whom are lip mucoceles more common in

A

Children with a possible history of trauma

74
Q

How do lip mucocoeles present

A

As painless soft fluid filled swellings that may appear bluish

75
Q

What type of non developmental cysts are lip mucocoeles

A

Mucus retention or extravasation you can’t tell without removing it

76
Q

What type of non developmental cysts are lip mucocoeles

A

Mucus retention or extravasation you can’t tell without removing it

77
Q

how can we treat lip mucocoeles

A

Cryotherapy
incision

78
Q

What are the risks with incision of a lip mucocoeles

A

Risk of recurrence
scar
swelling
bleeding
bruising

5th yr- CMS2 (9 decks)

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