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Oral Biology 2 > Oral Biology Development Defects > Flashcards

Oral Biology Development Defects Flashcards

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1
Q

When does central face development begin?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What happens during central face development

2

A

1) Nasal Placodes develop

2) Proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of ach placode resulting in medial and lateral nasal processes

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3
Q

Whn does the upper lip formation happen?

A

Weeks 6 and 7

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4
Q

How does the upper lip formation come about

A

Medal Nasal processes merge with each other as well as the maxillary processes of the first brachial arches

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5
Q

How does the primary plate come about?

A

merger of medial nasal processes

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6
Q

What is the priamry plate

A

Where incisors are at

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7
Q

How is secondary plate formed

A

From maxillary processes of the first branchial arches

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8
Q

WHat makes up 90% of hard and sof paalate

A

Secondary Plate

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9
Q

Cleft Lip Def

A

Defective Fusion of teh medial nasal process with the maxillary process

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10
Q

What percentage of CL cases are unilateral

A

80%

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11
Q

Cleft Palate DEf

A

Failure of palatal shelves to fuse

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12
Q

What is the minimal manifestation of CP?

A

Bifid Uvula

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13
Q

What is the treatment requrement for CP?

A

1.5 yrs

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14
Q

What is the minimum req for CL?

A

10 wks
10 lbs
10gm %HM

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15
Q

Overall what % of cases are CL AND CP

A

45%

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16
Q

Overall what % of cases are ONLY CP

A

30%

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17
Q

Overall what % of cases are ONLY CL

A

25%

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18
Q

Out of syndromic what % of pts with ONLY CP

A

50%

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19
Q

Out of Syndromic, what % of pts with CL AND CP

A

30%

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20
Q

Pierre Robin Characteristics/sequence

A

1) CP
2) Mandibular Mcrognathia
3) Glossoptosis

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21
Q

What does dental follicle make?

A

Dental Ligament

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22
Q

What is glossoptosis

A

Downward displacement of jaw

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23
Q

WHat are the nonsyndromic envoronmental factors

A

Maternnal smoking and drinking
Folic Acid deficiency
COrticosteroid use
Anticonvulsant therapy

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24
Q

How do you get a Lateral Facial Cleft

A

Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular process

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25
Q

What % of all facial clefts are lateral facial cleft

A

Less than 0.5%

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26
Q

How do you get oblique facial cleft

A

Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with maxillary process

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27
Q

Oblique facial cleft almost always associated with?

A

CP

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28
Q

Where is the oblique facial cleft?

A

Upper Lip to the eye

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29
Q

How does a median cleft od the upper lip come about

A

Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes

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30
Q

What % of all facial cleft are median cleft of upper lip?

A

Very Rare

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31
Q

What is one of the most common major congenital defects

A

Orofacial clefts

32
Q

Prevalence of Orofacial cleft in less to more order

A

1) African A
2) Caucasians
3) Asians
4) Native Americans

33
Q

CL AND CP is ore common in?

A

Males

34
Q

CPO is more common in

A

Females

35
Q

Submucous palatal cleft def

A

Intact surface, but defect in underlying musculature of soft palate.

36
Q

What are the signs of Submucous palatal cleft

A

1) Bone notch on posterior hard palate margin

2) Appears as bluish midline discoloration

37
Q

Orofacial Clefts need involvement of what relevant medical practitioners

A

Orthodontist
Prosthodontist
Speech Pathologist

38
Q

Commisural Lip Pits are what

A

Mucosal invaginations at corner of mouth on vermillian border

39
Q

Commisura lip pits are associated with what?

A

Nothing. Not associated with facial or palatal clefts

40
Q

Paramedian Lip Pits are what

A

Congenital invaginations of lower lip

41
Q

Where are paramedian lip pits ususlalu located?

A

Bilaterally

42
Q

Paramedian Lip pits Tx?

A

Evaluate for syndrome

sthetics

43
Q

WHat is the most common form of syndromic clefting

A

Van der Woude Syndrome

44
Q

Pts with Van der Woude Syndrome Have what characteristics

3

A

1) CL AND CP
2) Paramedian Lip Pits
3) Autosomal Disease

45
Q

Ankyloglossia Def

A

Developmental abnormality of short, thick frenulum resulting in limited tongue movement

46
Q

Whats the ratio of Male to Female on Ankyloglossia

A

4:1
M:F

47
Q

Up to what % of neonates have ankyloglossia

A

4%

48
Q

Ankyloglossia require treatment? If so, what rteatment?

A

No tx if asymptomatic

Frenotomy/frenoplasty

49
Q

At what age can frenotomy be performed?

A

4-5

50
Q

Can Ankyloglossia be self-correctin

A

YES!

51
Q

Where does Thyroid gland begin?

A

On floor of pharyngeal gut during week 3-4 of embryogenesis

52
Q

During week ___, the thyroid normally descends into ____

A

Wk 7

Neck

53
Q

Where does the thyroid bud descend into neck?

A

Anterior to trachea and larynx

54
Q

What is the foramen cecum

A

Site where descending bud invaginates

55
Q

If primitive gland doesn’t descend normally then what?

A

Actopic Thyroid b/w formaen cecum and epiglottis

56
Q

What percentage of ectopic are found b/w foramen cecum and epiglottis

A

90%

57
Q

Lngual thyroid is ____ more common in females

A

7 times

58
Q

In ___ of pts, the patient’s lingual thyroid is the pts only thyroid tissue

A

70%

59
Q

With lingual thyroid, when do symptoms arise?

A

Puberty

Menopause

60
Q

1/3 of pts with lingual thyroid have?

A

Hypothyrodism

61
Q

Linugal thyroid enlargement in pts with lingual thyroid is due to what?

A

Probably hypothyroidism

62
Q

How is the diagnosis for Lingual Thyroid made?

A

Via
thyroid scan (iodine isotopes)
CT
MRI

63
Q

Tell me about biopsy and Lingual Thyroid

A

Biopsy avoided due to hemmorhage with patient’s only thyroid tissue

64
Q

Where does Thyroglossal duct cyst develop from

A

From epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract

65
Q

50% of patients are diagnosed with thyroglossal duct before what age

A

20

66
Q

How does thyroglossal duct present itself

A

As painless, fluctuant, movable swelling near midline, usually inferior to hyoid

67
Q

Tx for thyroglossal duct? recurrence?

A

Srgical removal

10% recurrence

68
Q

Percentage of carcinoma arising from thyroglossal duct cyst

A

1%

69
Q

Hemihyperplasia def

A

Asymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts (unilateral macroglossia)

70
Q

Hemihyperplasia associated with what syndromes

A

Beckwith - Wiedmann
Neurofibromatosis
proteus Syndrome

71
Q

Crouzon syndrome aka

A

Craniofacial Dysostosis

72
Q

What is Crouzon Syndrome characterized by

A

By Craniosynostosis (premature closure of cranial sutures)
So different shaped heads
Underdeveloped maxilla

73
Q

What s the mutation factor of Crouzon Syndrome

A

Fibroblast GF 2 on chromosome 10q26

74
Q

Apert syndrome s related to what gene

A

FGFR - 2 on chromosome 10q26

75
Q

Apert Syndrome identified by

A

Oral trapezoid

Mental Retardation

76
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome aka

A

mandibulofacial Dysostosis

77
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome characterized by

A

!) Defects from 1st and 2nd branchial arch
2) Treacle Gene
Coloboma
3) Underdeveloped Mandible

Oral Biology 2 (8 decks)

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