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Oral Biology 2 > Oral Biology Development Defects > Flashcards

Oral Biology Development Defects Flashcards

1
Q

When does central face development begin?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What happens during central face development

2

A

1) Nasal Placodes develop

2) Proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of ach placode resulting in medial and lateral nasal processes

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3
Q

Whn does the upper lip formation happen?

A

Weeks 6 and 7

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4
Q

How does the upper lip formation come about

A

Medal Nasal processes merge with each other as well as the maxillary processes of the first brachial arches

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5
Q

How does the primary plate come about?

A

merger of medial nasal processes

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6
Q

What is the priamry plate

A

Where incisors are at

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7
Q

How is secondary plate formed

A

From maxillary processes of the first branchial arches

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8
Q

WHat makes up 90% of hard and sof paalate

A

Secondary Plate

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9
Q

Cleft Lip Def

A

Defective Fusion of teh medial nasal process with the maxillary process

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10
Q

What percentage of CL cases are unilateral

A

80%

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11
Q

Cleft Palate DEf

A

Failure of palatal shelves to fuse

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12
Q

What is the minimal manifestation of CP?

A

Bifid Uvula

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13
Q

What is the treatment requrement for CP?

A

1.5 yrs

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14
Q

What is the minimum req for CL?

A

10 wks
10 lbs
10gm %HM

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15
Q

Overall what % of cases are CL AND CP

A

45%

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16
Q

Overall what % of cases are ONLY CP

A

30%

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17
Q

Overall what % of cases are ONLY CL

A

25%

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18
Q

Out of syndromic what % of pts with ONLY CP

A

50%

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19
Q

Out of Syndromic, what % of pts with CL AND CP

A

30%

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20
Q

Pierre Robin Characteristics/sequence

A

1) CP
2) Mandibular Mcrognathia
3) Glossoptosis

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21
Q

What does dental follicle make?

A

Dental Ligament

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22
Q

What is glossoptosis

A

Downward displacement of jaw

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23
Q

WHat are the nonsyndromic envoronmental factors

A

Maternnal smoking and drinking
Folic Acid deficiency
COrticosteroid use
Anticonvulsant therapy

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24
Q

How do you get a Lateral Facial Cleft

A

Lack of fusion of the maxillary and mandibular process

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25
What % of all facial clefts are lateral facial cleft
Less than 0.5%
26
How do you get oblique facial cleft
Failure of fusion of the lateral nasal processes with maxillary process
27
Oblique facial cleft almost always associated with?
CP
28
Where is the oblique facial cleft?
Upper Lip to the eye
29
How does a median cleft od the upper lip come about
Failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes
30
What % of all facial cleft are median cleft of upper lip?
Very Rare
31
What is one of the most common major congenital defects
Orofacial clefts
32
Prevalence of Orofacial cleft in less to more order
1) African A 2) Caucasians 3) Asians 4) Native Americans
33
CL AND CP is ore common in?
Males
34
CPO is more common in
Females
35
Submucous palatal cleft def
Intact surface, but defect in underlying musculature of soft palate.
36
What are the signs of Submucous palatal cleft
1) Bone notch on posterior hard palate margin | 2) Appears as bluish midline discoloration
37
Orofacial Clefts need involvement of what relevant medical practitioners
Orthodontist Prosthodontist Speech Pathologist
38
Commisural Lip Pits are what
Mucosal invaginations at corner of mouth on vermillian border
39
Commisura lip pits are associated with what?
Nothing. Not associated with facial or palatal clefts
40
Paramedian Lip Pits are what
Congenital invaginations of lower lip
41
Where are paramedian lip pits ususlalu located?
Bilaterally
42
Paramedian Lip pits Tx?
Evaluate for syndrome | sthetics
43
WHat is the most common form of syndromic clefting
Van der Woude Syndrome
44
Pts with Van der Woude Syndrome Have what characteristics | 3
1) CL AND CP 2) Paramedian Lip Pits 3) Autosomal Disease
45
Ankyloglossia Def
Developmental abnormality of short, thick frenulum resulting in limited tongue movement
46
Whats the ratio of Male to Female on Ankyloglossia
4:1 M:F
47
Up to what % of neonates have ankyloglossia
4%
48
Ankyloglossia require treatment? If so, what rteatment?
No tx if asymptomatic | Frenotomy/frenoplasty
49
At what age can frenotomy be performed?
4-5
50
Can Ankyloglossia be self-correctin
YES!
51
Where does Thyroid gland begin?
On floor of pharyngeal gut during week 3-4 of embryogenesis
52
During week ___, the thyroid normally descends into ____
Wk 7 | Neck
53
Where does the thyroid bud descend into neck?
Anterior to trachea and larynx
54
What is the foramen cecum
Site where descending bud invaginates
55
If primitive gland doesn't descend normally then what?
Actopic Thyroid b/w formaen cecum and epiglottis
56
What percentage of ectopic are found b/w foramen cecum and epiglottis
90%
57
Lngual thyroid is ____ more common in females
7 times
58
In ___ of pts, the patient's lingual thyroid is the pts only thyroid tissue
70%
59
With lingual thyroid, when do symptoms arise?
Puberty | Menopause
60
1/3 of pts with lingual thyroid have?
Hypothyrodism
61
Linugal thyroid enlargement in pts with lingual thyroid is due to what?
Probably hypothyroidism
62
How is the diagnosis for Lingual Thyroid made?
Via thyroid scan (iodine isotopes) CT MRI
63
Tell me about biopsy and Lingual Thyroid
Biopsy avoided due to hemmorhage with patient's only thyroid tissue
64
Where does Thyroglossal duct cyst develop from
From epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract
65
50% of patients are diagnosed with thyroglossal duct before what age
20
66
How does thyroglossal duct present itself
As painless, fluctuant, movable swelling near midline, usually inferior to hyoid
67
Tx for thyroglossal duct? recurrence?
Srgical removal | 10% recurrence
68
Percentage of carcinoma arising from thyroglossal duct cyst
1%
69
Hemihyperplasia def
Asymetric overgrowth of one or more body parts (unilateral macroglossia)
70
Hemihyperplasia associated with what syndromes
Beckwith - Wiedmann Neurofibromatosis proteus Syndrome
71
Crouzon syndrome aka
Craniofacial Dysostosis
72
What is Crouzon Syndrome characterized by
By Craniosynostosis (premature closure of cranial sutures) So different shaped heads Underdeveloped maxilla
73
What s the mutation factor of Crouzon Syndrome
Fibroblast GF 2 on chromosome 10q26
74
Apert syndrome s related to what gene
FGFR - 2 on chromosome 10q26
75
Apert Syndrome identified by
Oral trapezoid | Mental Retardation
76
Treacher Collins Syndrome aka
mandibulofacial Dysostosis
77
Treacher Collins Syndrome characterized by
!) Defects from 1st and 2nd branchial arch 2) Treacle Gene Coloboma 3) Underdeveloped Mandible

Oral Biology 2 (8 decks)

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