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Oral Biology 2 > General Embryology > Flashcards

General Embryology Flashcards

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1
Q

EMbryology

A

Study of pre-natal development

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2
Q

Prenatal development

A

STARTS WITH PREGNANCY AND ENDS WITH BIRTH

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3
Q

3 periods of prenatal development

A

1) Preimplantation period
2) Embryonic Period
3) Fetal Period

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4
Q

What structure implants on uterine wall?

A

blastocyst

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5
Q

What drives development at early stage?

A

Growth factors

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6
Q

Important Growth Factors

A

BMP

Fibroblast Growth Factor

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7
Q

What is the critical growth factor in craniofacial development?

A

BMP

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8
Q

Whats the size of homeobox gene code?

A

180 bp

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9
Q

What determines genetic control of embryological patterning?

A

Homeobox Genes

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10
Q

Important Genes in control of embryonic formation

A

Hox Genes
Msx Gnees
Dlx Genes
Shh Genes

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11
Q

Hox Genes Function

A

Patterning body axis and determining where limbs will be

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12
Q

Msx Genes Function

A

Control cellular process of differentiation during development

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13
Q

DLX Genes Function

A

Controls ectodermal tissue development

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14
Q

Shh Genes Function

A

Help with early facial primordium

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15
Q

Molecules responsible for cell aggregation and sorting during development are?

A

Cell-Adhesion molecules

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16
Q

Calcium dependent cell adhesion molecules are called?

A

Cadherins

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17
Q

Calcium independent cell adhesion molecules are called?

A

CAMs

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18
Q

Where in timeline does fertilization occur?

A

during first 10 days after conception

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19
Q

Where in timeline does implantation occur?

A

days 7-10

20
Q

Where in timeline does embryonic period occur?

A

Week 2-8

21
Q

Periods within Preimplantation phase

A

1) Fertilization
2) Cleavage
3) Implantation

22
Q

Periods in embryonic phase

5

A

1) Bilaminar Germ Disk
2) Patterning
3) Primitive Streak
4) Gastrulation
5) Post- Gastrulation

23
Q

Periods in Fetal Phase

A

1) Maturation

24
Q

2What happens in Bilaminar Germ Disk Period?

A

Embryoblast differentiates into Epiblast ( dorsal cells) and Hypoblast ( ventral cells)

25
Q

What happens in patterning Period?

3

A

1) Axial specification
2) Segmentation (what forms b/w each end)
3) Development of dentition

26
Q

What happens in Primitive Streak Period

4

A

1) Groove of epiblast cells is formed
2) Defines future bilateral symmetry
3) Prochordial Plate formed at rostral end
4) Cecal Plate at caudal end

27
Q

What happens in Post Gastrulation Period

A

1) Differentiation of nervous system
2) Formation and migration of NC Cells
3) Embryo Folding. Head lateral, and tail fold
4) Neural Tube closure

28
Q

Induction Definition

A

Wen one group of cells tells other group (competent group) to do something

29
Q

When in timeline does gastrulation take place?

A

Around week 3

30
Q

How is the mesoderm formed?

A

Proteins in cell attachment change from E to N and they lose their cell-cell adhesions.
They cave inward

31
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

4

A

Nervous system
Epidermis & appendages (hair, nails, etc)
Epithelium of mouth & nose
Tooth enamel

32
Q

What does the Endoderm give rise to?

2

A

Epithelial lining of Respiratory and GI Tract

33
Q

What does mesoderm give rise to?

2

A

1) Muscles

2) All structures derived from Connective Tissue

34
Q

What gives rise to dentin, cementum pulp and PDL?

A

NC Cells

35
Q

How does the neuroectoderm form?

A

From specialized cells from Ectoderm

36
Q

What happens if neural tube doesn’t close?

A

spina bifida

37
Q

Parts of mesoderm

A

1) Paraxial
2) Intermediate
3) Lateral PLate

38
Q

What does paraxial give rise to?

A

cartilage

Segmented Muscle

39
Q

What does Interemdiate give rise to?

A

Kidney

Gonads

40
Q

What does Lateral Plate give rise to?

A

heart

Gut

41
Q

What does neural tube expand to form?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

42
Q

Hindbrainsegments into what?

A

Rhombomeres

43
Q

Where do NC Cells come from?

A

From neuroectoderm

44
Q

When do NCC Differentiate?

A

During week 3

45
Q

Physically and spatially where do NCC come from?

A

From dorsal edges of neural plate (thus NC)

46
Q

Cause of Treacher Collins Syndrome

A

Failure of NCC to migrate to facial region

47
Q

Where in timeline is the fetal period?

A

3 month - 9 month

Oral Biology 2 (8 decks)

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