General Embryology

Question 1

EMbryology

Answer 1

Study of pre-natal development

Question 2

Prenatal development

Answer 2

STARTS WITH PREGNANCY AND ENDS WITH BIRTH

Question 3

3 periods of prenatal development

Answer 3

1) Preimplantation period
2) Embryonic Period
3) Fetal Period

Question 4

What structure implants on uterine wall?

Answer 4

blastocyst

Question 5

What drives development at early stage?

Answer 5

Growth factors

Question 6

Important Growth Factors

Answer 6

BMP

Fibroblast Growth Factor

Question 7

What is the critical growth factor in craniofacial development?

Answer 7

BMP

Question 8

Whats the size of homeobox gene code?

Answer 8

180 bp

Question 9

What determines genetic control of embryological patterning?

Answer 9

Homeobox Genes

Question 10

Important Genes in control of embryonic formation

Answer 10

Hox Genes
Msx Gnees
Dlx Genes
Shh Genes

Question 11

Hox Genes Function

Answer 11

Patterning body axis and determining where limbs will be

Question 12

Msx Genes Function

Answer 12

Control cellular process of differentiation during development

Question 13

DLX Genes Function

Answer 13

Controls ectodermal tissue development

Question 14

Shh Genes Function

Answer 14

Help with early facial primordium

Question 15

Molecules responsible for cell aggregation and sorting during development are?

Answer 15

Cell-Adhesion molecules

Question 16

Calcium dependent cell adhesion molecules are called?

Answer 16

Cadherins

Question 17

Calcium independent cell adhesion molecules are called?

Answer 17

CAMs

Question 18

Where in timeline does fertilization occur?

Answer 18

during first 10 days after conception

Question 19

Where in timeline does implantation occur?

Answer 19

days 7-10

Question 20

Where in timeline does embryonic period occur?

Answer 20

Week 2-8

Question 21

Periods within Preimplantation phase

Answer 21

1) Fertilization
2) Cleavage
3) Implantation

Question 22

Periods in embryonic phase

5

Answer 22

1) Bilaminar Germ Disk
2) Patterning
3) Primitive Streak
4) Gastrulation
5) Post- Gastrulation

Question 23

Periods in Fetal Phase

Answer 23

1) Maturation

Question 24

2What happens in Bilaminar Germ Disk Period?

Answer 24

Embryoblast differentiates into Epiblast ( dorsal cells) and Hypoblast ( ventral cells)

Question 25

What happens in patterning Period? | 3

Answer 25

1) Axial specification 2) Segmentation (what forms b/w each end) 3) Development of dentition

Question 26

What happens in Primitive Streak Period | 4

Answer 26

1) Groove of epiblast cells is formed 2) Defines future bilateral symmetry 3) Prochordial Plate formed at rostral end 4) Cecal Plate at caudal end

Question 27

What happens in Post Gastrulation Period

Answer 27

1) Differentiation of nervous system 2) Formation and migration of NC Cells 3) Embryo Folding. Head lateral, and tail fold 4) Neural Tube closure

Question 28

Induction Definition

Answer 28

Wen one group of cells tells other group (competent group) to do something

Question 29

When in timeline does gastrulation take place?

Answer 29

Around week 3

Question 30

How is the mesoderm formed?

Answer 30

Proteins in cell attachment change from E to N and they lose their cell-cell adhesions. They cave inward

Question 31

What does the ectoderm give rise to? | 4

Answer 31

Nervous system Epidermis & appendages (hair, nails, etc) Epithelium of mouth & nose Tooth enamel

Question 32

What does the Endoderm give rise to? | 2

Answer 32

Epithelial lining of Respiratory and GI Tract

Question 33

What does mesoderm give rise to? | 2

Answer 33

1) Muscles | 2) All structures derived from Connective Tissue

Question 34

What gives rise to dentin, cementum pulp and PDL?

Answer 34

NC Cells

Question 35

How does the neuroectoderm form?

Answer 35

From specialized cells from Ectoderm

Question 36

What happens if neural tube doesn't close?

Answer 36

spina bifida

Question 37

Parts of mesoderm

Answer 37

1) Paraxial 2) Intermediate 3) Lateral PLate

Question 38

What does paraxial give rise to?

Answer 38

cartilage | Segmented Muscle

Question 39

What does Interemdiate give rise to?

Answer 39

Kidney | Gonads

Question 40

What does Lateral Plate give rise to?

Answer 40

heart | Gut

Question 41

What does neural tube expand to form?

Answer 41

Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

Question 42

Hindbrainsegments into what?

Answer 42

Rhombomeres

Question 43

Where do NC Cells come from?

Answer 43

From neuroectoderm

Question 44

When do NCC Differentiate?

Answer 44

During week 3

Question 45

Physically and spatially where do NCC come from?

Answer 45

From dorsal edges of neural plate (thus NC)

Question 46

Cause of Treacher Collins Syndrome

Answer 46

Failure of NCC to migrate to facial region

Question 47

Where in timeline is the fetal period?

Answer 47

3 month - 9 month