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Oral Biology 2 > Development of Enamel 2 > Flashcards

Development of Enamel 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What determines geometry of rod and interred enamel?

A

Geometry of individual ameloblast

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2
Q

The rods in the outer enamel (Not outermost) are _____ compared to the enamel rods in the inner enamel

A

Much straighter

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3
Q

Which way does dentin form?

A

inward, toward pulp

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4
Q

Which way does enamel form?

A

Outwards

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5
Q

Is enamel formation simultaneous?

A

Noooo

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6
Q

Even though enamel as a whole is being formed outwards, Enamel formation goes ______

A

apically

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7
Q

What proteins help in enamel deposition

3

A

Amelogenins
Ameloblastins
Enamelin

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8
Q

What protein is in charge of organic component degradation

A

Enamelysin

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9
Q

what is the main protein family in developing enamel?

A

Amelogenins

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10
Q

When is amelogenin only expressed?

A

While enamel is being produced - stops during maturation

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11
Q

What Enamel protein restricts lateral HA growth?

A

Amelogenins

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12
Q

Amelogenins preventing lateral HA crystal growth prevents what?

A

Crystal fusion

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13
Q

Loss of function from amelogenins= ?

A

No enamel Rods

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14
Q

When is ameloblastin expresed

A

All the way through to maturation

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15
Q

Ameloblastin role

A

Ameloblast adhesion to developing enamel

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16
Q

Ameloblastin accounts for 10 % of what?

A

of enamel organic content

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17
Q

What is the least abundant enamel protein?

A

Enamelin

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18
Q

What is the largest enamel protein

A

Enamelin

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19
Q

Enamelin accounts for what percentage of enamel proteins

A

less than 5%

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20
Q

What protein is only present at the leading edge of enamel deposition?

A

Enamelin

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21
Q

Loss of function of ameliblastin =

A

Ameloblasts fall off… thus no enamel

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22
Q

Enamelin function

A

Promotes crystal elongation

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23
Q

Loss of function of enamelin =

A

No enamel

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24
Q

What protein is MMP 20

A

Enamelysin

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25
Q

When is enamelysin found?

A

During enamel deposition

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26
Q

Enamelysin function

A

Chop up Ameloblastin and Enamelin

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27
Q

Enamelysin is critical for what function?

A

Removal of organic component to allow increased mineralization

28
Q

Enamel Matrix serine protease is secreted when?

A

During modulation events of enamel maturation

29
Q

Enamel Matrix Serine Protease function

A

Degrades Amelogenins

30
Q

Loss of function of enamel matrix serine protease =

A

Immature Enamel

31
Q

What type of collagen is missing from basal lamina

A

Collagen 4

32
Q

Why does enamel etching provide better bonding surface?

A

1) Bc etching increases porosity of enamel surface.
Thus allows for infiltration of material into tissue
2) Removes crap on surface of enamel

33
Q

What does enamel etching dissolve?

A

Enamel crystals

34
Q

What parts of enamel crystal are more vulnerable?

A

Carbonated apatite. So Inner Enamel

35
Q

How is enamel dissolved? (directionally)

A

From Inside to outer edges. Inside out.

36
Q

What part of enamel crystal dissolves first

A

The edges, then core

37
Q

3 possible patterns when etching enamel

A

1- Removes rods
2- Removes interred enamel
3-random

38
Q

Does etching enamel produce the same result every time?

A

NOPE

39
Q

why does etching of enamel produce different result?

A

Different orientation of crystals

40
Q

Rod crystal ends are _______ to enamel surface

A

Perpendicular

41
Q

Interrod crystal ends are ____

A

Not generally exposed

42
Q

Abrasion def

A

Removal of enamel by aggressive force

43
Q

Abfraction def

A

Notch like cervical lesions caused by cyclic loading of teeth which places stress on the interred interface… Causing rods to separate

44
Q

Erosion def

A

Removal of enamel by break down of acids

45
Q

What happens to thickness of enamel with age?

A

it thins

46
Q

What happens to water content of enamel as you age

A

Less water and crystals increase in size

47
Q

Brittleness as you age?

A

More brittle

48
Q

Permeability as you age?

A

Decreased permeability

49
Q

Why less caries as you age?

A

Bc

1) increased fluoride content
2) Topographical loss of susceptible areas
3) Less refined carbs consumed by adult (extrinsic factor)

50
Q

3 types of structural features of enamel

A

1) Periodic Features
2) Optical Features
3) Histological Features

51
Q

What are the periodic features

3

A

Striae of Retzius
Perikymata
Cross Striations

52
Q

What are the optical features

2

A

Hunter-Schreger Bands

Gnarled Enamel

53
Q

Histological Features

3

A

Enamel Tufts
Enamel Lamellae
Enamel Spindles

54
Q

What does striae of Retzius look like

A

Longitudinal lines on ground sections running from DEJ to enamel surface

55
Q

Striae of Retzius organic content

A

Increased organic content

56
Q

What do the Stria of Rhetzius indicate?

A

Two theories

1) Weekly Rhyth
2) Timing of cohorts in ameloblast differentiation during development

57
Q

Neonatal line def

A

Most accentuated Stria of Retzius

58
Q

What does Neonatal Line reflect?

A

Physiologic Changes during birth

59
Q

Where is neonatal line found?

A

In all primary teeth

sometimes cusps of permanent molars

60
Q

Where are perikymata visible?

A

On enamel Surface

61
Q

What are perikymata

A

Surface manifestations of stria of retzius

62
Q

Describe Perikymata, the way they look

A

Shallow furrows where stria intersect surface

63
Q

Where do stria of retries appear best?

A

longitudinal sections

64
Q

Cross Striations look like what?

A

Visible bands in ground sections that are close together

65
Q

Which way do cross striations run?

A

At a right angle to the rod direction

66
Q

Whats the distance bw cross striations?

A

Same distance as enamel growth rate

67
Q

What do cross striations indicate?

A

Cyclical variations in rods

Oral Biology 2 (8 decks)

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