oral biology - anatomy Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
which suture separates the occipital and parietal bones?
a) saggital
b) coronal
c) lamboid
d) squamous
A
lambdoid suture
2
Q
which bone has a depression to carry the pituitary gland?
A
sphenoid bone - sella turcica
3
Q
which bone contains the infraorbital foramen?
a) mandible
c) zygomatic
c) maxillary
d) frontal bone
e) orbital bone
A
maxillary
4
Q
where is the mental foramen found?
a) mandible
c) zygomatic
c) maxillary
d) frontal bone
e) temporal bone
A
c) mandible
5
Q
which bones make up the pterion?
a) frontal, parietal, ethmoid, temporal
b) frontal, parietal, temporal zygomatic
c) frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal
d) ethmoid, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
A
c) frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal
6
Q
the styloid process is a feature of which bone?
A
temporal bone
7
Q
the mastoid process is a feature of which bone?
A
temporal bone
8
Q
the condylar process is a feature of which bone ?
A
mandible
9
Q
which suture separates the parietal and temporal bone?
a) saggital
b) coronal
c) lamboid
d) squamous
e) sphenoparietal suture
A
d) squamous suture
10
Q
in which bone do you find the superior orbital fissure?
A
sphenoid bone
11
Q
where is the infraorbital notch?
A
dip of the infraorbital fissure
in orbital surface of maxillary bone
12
Q
which bone of the face is not paired?
a) zygomatic
b) nasal
c) inferior nasal concha
d) vomer
e) maxilla
A
vomer
13
Q
which bone forms the cribriform plate and crista galli?
A
ethmoid bone
14
Q
where are the olfactory foramina found?
A
ethmoid bone - cribriform plate
15
Q
which feature is NOT of the ethmoidal bone?
a) crista galli
b) superior nasal concha
c) cribriform plate
d) middle nasal concha
e) inferior nasal concha
A
inferior nasal concha
16
Q
the sphenoid sinuses drain into the …
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
A
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
17
Q
the posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the…
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
A
c) superior nasal meatus
18
Q
the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into the …
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
A
b) middle nasal meatus
19
Q
where does the maxillary sinus open into?
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
A
b) middle nasal meatus
20
Q
what sinuses open into the middle nasal meatus?
A
- maxillary
- anterior and middle ethmoidal cells
- frontal sinus via frontonasal duct
21
Q
which sinus opens into the sphenopaletine recess?
A
sphenoidal sinuses
22
Q
which sinus opens into the superior nasal meatus ?
A
posterior ethmoidal cells
23
Q
where do the frontal sinuses drain into via the frontonasal duct?
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
A
b) middle nasal meatus (infundibulum)
24
Q
name the features of a fetal skull not found on an adult skull
A
- anterior fontanelle
- posterior fontanelle
- sphenoidal fontanelle
- mastoid fontanelle
25
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
26
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
27
how many sacral vertebrae?
5-fused
28
how many lumbar vertebrae?
5
29
list the 5 segments of the vertebrae column
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccyx
30
where is the lordotic curve in the vertebral column?
lumbar region
31
where is the kyphotic curve in the vertebral column?
upper thoracic region
| lower cervical
32
what is lumbar lordosis ?
exaggerated lumbar curve
33
what is thoracic kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curve
34
what are the two regions of the intervertebral disk
nucleus pulposus
| annulus fibrosus
35
what is a herniated disc?
the nucleus pulposus protrudes out from the vertebrae and impinges the nerves = numbness
36
where is the ligamentum flavum located?
between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
37
where is the interspinous ligament located?
between the spinous process of adjacent vertebrae
38
which ligament passes across the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrae?
a) ligamentum flavum
b) anterior longitudinal ligament
c) posterior longitudinal ligament
d) supraspinous ligament
e) interspinous ligament
d) supraspinous ligament
39
which cervical vertebra has no body or spinous process?
atlas (C1)
40
which cervical vertabrae does the dens belong to?
axis (C2)
41
regarding movement , what is the difference between atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial movements?
atlanto-occiptal = nodding
atlantoaxial = rotation
42
which verterbra is likely site for fracture following whiplash?
a) atlas
b) axis
c) C5
d) C6
e) C7
C7
43
head of condyl is covered in which type of cartilage?
a) hyalin
b) elastin
c) fibrocartilaguous
a) hyalin (also referred as condylar cartilage)
44
what type of joint is the TMJ?
synovial
45
mandibular fossa is a feature of which bone?
a) mandible
b) temporal
c) sphenoid
d) zygomatic
b) temporal
46
what is the mandibular fossa's articulating surface covered by?
dense fibrous articular tissue
47
what are the boundaries of the mandibular fossa?
lateral: zygomatic process of temporal bone
middle: spine of sphenoid
anterior: articular eminence
posterior: squamotympanic and petrotympanic fissure
48
what are the three ligaments associated with the TMJ?
- lateral/temporomandibular ligament
- sphenomandibular ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
49
where does the sphenomandibular ligament originate and terminate?
from spine of sphenoid
to
lingula on the ramus of mandible
50
which nerve supplies the TMJ?
auriculotemporal nerve
51
which blood vessels supply the TMJ?
- superficial temporal artery
| - maxillary artery
52
what causes secondary degenerative TMJ dysfunction?
bruxism
| malocclusion
53
what can cause TMJ dysfunction?
-arthritis :
joint inflammation,
age (primary degenerative) ,
abnormal function (secondary degenerative)
54
what is a morula ?
mass of cells following fertilisation
55
what does a blastocyst consist of?
trophoblast - outer layer of cells
embryoblast - inner cell mass
blastocoele - fluid filled cavity
56
what three germ layers does the epiblast give rise to?
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm
57
what does the primitive endoderm develop into?
amniotic sac
58
what part of the blastocyte do the epiblast and primitive endoderm originate from?
embryoblast
59
where does the right subclavian artery branch out from?
brachiocephalic trunk from aorta
60
where does the common carotid artery divide into the external and internal branches?
at upper border of thyroid cartilage
61
what does the carotid sheath contain?
- carotid artery
- internal jugular vein
- vagus nerve
- lymph nodes
62
what are the branches of the external carotid artery?
"Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS"
- superior thyroid
- ascending pharyngeal
- lingual
- facial artery
- occipital artery
- posterior auricular
- maxillary
- superficial temporal
63
what are the branches of the maxillary artery?
- deep auricular
- middle meningeal
- inferior alveolar > mylohoid, mental, lingual, incisor
- pterygoid, masseter, buccal,
- posterior deep temporal
- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital > middle and anterior superior alveolar
- descending palatine
- sphenopalatine
- pharyngeal
64
what is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery?
infraorbital artery
65
what are the two terminating branches of the external carotid artery?
- maxillary
| - superficial temporal
66
what are the divisions of the facial artery?
- superior labial
- inferior labial
- angular artery (termination)
67
which branch of the external carotid artery does the transverse facial artery arise from?
a) maxillary
b) facial
c) superficial temporal
d) occipital
e) posterior auricular
c) superficial temporal
68
what are the branches of the lingual artery?
- dorsal lingual
- deep lingual
- sublingual
- suprahyoid branches
69
how does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?
through the carotid canal
70
where does the middle meningeal artery derive from and which foramen does it enter the skull through?
maxillary artery
| foramen spinosum
71
which artery passes through the cavernous sinuses?
internal carotid
72
where do the vertebral arteries supplying to the cranial cavity originate from?
subclavian artery
73
what do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium through?
foramen magnum
74
which two arteries from the internal carotid artery supply the face?
the ophthalmic branch from the internal carotid divides into two:
supratrochlear
supraorbital
75
which arteries come together at the pons to form the basilar artery?
vertebral arteries
76
which two arteries are connected by the posterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis?
posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries
77
which artery is NOT a branch from the internal carotid?
a) anterior cerebral
b) middle cerebral
c) posterior cerebral
c) posterior cerebral (branch from basilar)
78
what are the layers of the scalp?
```
S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - apponeurosis
L - loose areolar tissue
P - pericranium
```
79
what are the meninges of the brain?
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
80
what are the two layers of the dura mater?
- outer endosteal layer
| - inner meningeal layer
81
what is the name given to the downward projection of the dura mater, separating the two cerebral hemispheres and attached to the crista galli
falx cerebri
82
what is the tentorium cerebri?
horizontal projection of dura mater, separating the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres
83
what does the superior sagittal sinus drain into?
a) inferior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus
c) confluence
84
what does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?
a) superior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus
b) straight sinus
85
what do the cavernous sinuses drain into?
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
86
what does the superior petrosal sinus in the cranial cavity drain into?
a) internal jugular
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus
e) transverse sinus
87
what does the transverse sinus drain into ?
a) superior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) petrous sinus
d) sigmoid sinus
88
what does the inferior petrosal sinus in the cranial cavity drain into?
a) internal jugular
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus
a) internal jugular
89
how do the facial veins communicate with the cavernous sinuses?
through the ophthalmic vein
90
which vein passes through the parotid gland?
retromandibular vein
91
which lymph nodes are found on the posterior part of the head?
a) occipital and mastoid
b) occipital and parotid
C) parotid and buccal
d) mastoid and submental
a) occipital and mastoid
92
which lymph nodes are found beneath the mandible?
a) submastoid and submandibular
b) submental and submandibular
C) parotid and submandibular
d) mastoid and submental
b) submental and submandibular
93
which bone does the optic nerve exit from?
optic canal in sphenoid bone
94
what is the optic chiasma?
fibres from medial half of each retina cross into the opposite sides of the cerebral hemisphere-visual cortex
(lateral half to the same side)
95
where does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull from?
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
96
how do you test for damage of the oculomotor nerve?
dilated pupil
double vision
dropping eyelid
97
where does the trochlear nerve exit from?
superior orbital fissure
98
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
99
where do the divisions of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium from?
opthalmic: superior orbital fissure
maxillary : foramen rotundum
mandibular: foramen ovale
100
what are the further branches of the opthalmic nerve?
- frontal nerve: supratrochlear
supraorbital
- lacrimal nerve
- nasociliary nerve
101
what are the branches of the maxillary nerve?
infraorbital
zygomatic
superior alveolar (anterior, middle posterior)
pterygopalatine
nasopalatine
zygomaticotemporal
lesser+greater palatine
102
what innervates the upper lip?
maxillary nerve
103
which nerve supplies to the masticatory muscles?
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
104
what are the divisions of the mandibular nerve
auriculotemporal
deep temporal
buccal
lingual
inferior alveolar > nerve of mylohyoid, mental
105
which nerve controls secretory function of parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal and auricolotemporal
106
what is trigeminal neuralgia?
cranial nerve disorder of trigeminal nerve
onset by touch, temperature, movement etc
107
which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique eye muscle?
trochlear
108
which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle in the eye?
abducens
109
which artery passes through the parotid gland?
external carotid artery
110
which nerve passes through the parotid gland?
facial
| auricolotemporal ( trigeminal V3)
111
which cranial nerve supplies to the trapezius muscles?
accessory nerve
112
which cranial nerve branches out in the parotid gland?
facial
113
what are the five branches of the facial nerve?
```
cervical
mandibular
buccal
zygomatic
temporal
```
114
what does the facial nerve enter into?
a) external acoustic meatus
b) internal acoustic meatus
c) foramen spinosum
d) stylomastoid foramen
e) jugular foramen
b) internal acoustic meatus
115
where does the facial nerve exit out of
a) external acoustic meatus
b) internal acoustic meatus
c) foramen spinosum
d) stylomastoid foramen
e) jugular foramen
d) stylomastoid foramen
116
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit out from?
a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen
c) internal acoustic meatus
117
where does the accessory nerve of the cranial nerves exit out from
a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen
d) jugular foramen
118
where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit from
a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen
d) jugular foramen
119
where does the vagus nerve exit from
a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen
d) jugular foramen
120
which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
glossopharyngeal
facial
hypoglossal
vagus
121
which nerve innervates the extrinsic tongue muscles?
hypoglossal nerve
122
name the extrinsic tongue muscles and their function
- genioglossus : protrudes tongue
- hyoglossus : depresses tongue
- styloglossus : retracts and elevates tongue
(also palatoglossus)
123
what muscles form the suprahyoid?
- digastric
- stylohoid
- mylohoid
- geniohyoid
124
which muscles form the infrahyoid?
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothryroid
- thyrohyoid
125
where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate and insert on?
origin: mastoid process of temporal bone
insertion: (two heads) one on manubrium of sternum other on clavicle
126
what makes up the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck muscles?
anterior: sternocleidomastoid
posterior: trapezius
inferior : clavicle
127
what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck ?
anterior: midline
posterior: sternocleidomastoid
superior: inferior margin of mandible
128
what is the name given to the posterior apertures of the nose that open into the nasopharynx?
choanae
129
what make up the nasal septum?
septal cartilage
vertical plate of the ethmoid bone
vomer
130
what makes up the floor of the nose?
palatine process of maxillary bone and palatine bone
131
what is the roof of the nose made of?
- nasal bone
- frontal bone
- cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
- sphenoid bone
132
where does the nasolacrimal duct open into?
a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus
a) inferior nasal meatus
133
what are the sensory nerves that supply the nose?
- olfactory
- ophthalmic (V1) > via nasociliary
- maxillary (V2) via nasopalatine
134
what are the arteries of the nasal cavity?
- maxillary > sphenopalatine
- facial > septal branches
- ophthalmic (internal carotid) ethmoidal branches
135
what does the pharyngobasilar fascia cover?
the gap between the occipital bone to the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx.
136
what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
- salpingopharyngeal
- palatopharyngeal
- stylopharyngeal
137
what are the circular muscles of the pharynx?
superior, middle, inferior constrictor
138
what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx attached to in the middle?
posterior pharyngeal raphe
139
which tonsils make up the waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
adenoids (pharyngeal)
tubal tonsils
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils
140
what connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx?
pharyngiotympanic tube
141
what is the retropharyngeal space?
between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia
142
which structure is not composed of hyalin cartilage ?
a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage
b) epiglottis - fibrocartilage (contains elastin)
143
which one is the strongest cartilage?
a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage
c) cricoid cartilage
144
where do the vocal ligaments join?
a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
145
which two membranes are intrinsic?
a) cricothyroid
b) thyrohyoid
c) hyo-eppiglottis
d) cricotracheal
e) quadrangular
a) cricothyroid
e) quadrangular
(all membranes connecting between laryngeal cartilage are intrinsic while membranes connecting laryngeal cartilages to other structures eg hyoid bone are extrinsic)
146
what connects the thyroid gland lobes?
isthmus - tracheal cartilages 2-4
147
what are the nerve innervations of the thyroid gland?
dual innervation
para- vagus : laryngeal nerves
148
what is the difference between cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy?
cricothyroidotomy: incision in the cricothyroid membrane
| tracheostomy: incision between the tracheal ligaments
149
which type of papillae has no taste function?
a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above
a) filiform
150
which of the papillae of the tongue have Von Ebner minor salivary glands?
a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above
c) vallate
151
which of the tongue papillae are found laterally on the tongue?
a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above
d) foliate
152
which tongue muscle is NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
a) genioglossus
b) hyoglossus
c) palatoglossus
d) styloglossus
e) longitudinal intrinsic muscle
c) palatoglossus - innervated by the vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
153
which muscle is not innervated by the vagus nerve?
a) salpingopharyngeal
b) palatopharyngeal
c) stylopharyngeal
d) superior constrictor
e) middle constrictor
c) stylopharyngeal - by glossopharyngeal nerve
