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year 1 > oral biology - anatomy > Flashcards

oral biology - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which suture separates the occipital and parietal bones?

a) saggital
b) coronal
c) lamboid
d) squamous

A

lambdoid suture

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2
Q

which bone has a depression to carry the pituitary gland?

A

sphenoid bone - sella turcica

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3
Q

which bone contains the infraorbital foramen?

a) mandible
c) zygomatic
c) maxillary
d) frontal bone
e) orbital bone

A

maxillary

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4
Q

where is the mental foramen found?

a) mandible
c) zygomatic
c) maxillary
d) frontal bone
e) temporal bone

A

c) mandible

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5
Q

which bones make up the pterion?

a) frontal, parietal, ethmoid, temporal
b) frontal, parietal, temporal zygomatic
c) frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal
d) ethmoid, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

A

c) frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal

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6
Q

the styloid process is a feature of which bone?

A

temporal bone

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7
Q

the mastoid process is a feature of which bone?

A

temporal bone

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8
Q

the condylar process is a feature of which bone ?

A

mandible

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9
Q

which suture separates the parietal and temporal bone?

a) saggital
b) coronal
c) lamboid
d) squamous
e) sphenoparietal suture

A

d) squamous suture

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10
Q

in which bone do you find the superior orbital fissure?

A

sphenoid bone

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11
Q

where is the infraorbital notch?

A

dip of the infraorbital fissure

in orbital surface of maxillary bone

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12
Q

which bone of the face is not paired?

a) zygomatic
b) nasal
c) inferior nasal concha
d) vomer
e) maxilla

A

vomer

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13
Q

which bone forms the cribriform plate and crista galli?

A

ethmoid bone

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14
Q

where are the olfactory foramina found?

A

ethmoid bone - cribriform plate

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15
Q

which feature is NOT of the ethmoidal bone?

a) crista galli
b) superior nasal concha
c) cribriform plate
d) middle nasal concha
e) inferior nasal concha

A

inferior nasal concha

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16
Q

the sphenoid sinuses drain into the …

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

d) sphenoethmoidal recess

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17
Q

the posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the…

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

c) superior nasal meatus

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18
Q

the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into the …

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

b) middle nasal meatus

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19
Q

where does the maxillary sinus open into?

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

b) middle nasal meatus

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20
Q

what sinuses open into the middle nasal meatus?

A
  • maxillary
  • anterior and middle ethmoidal cells
  • frontal sinus via frontonasal duct
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21
Q

which sinus opens into the sphenopaletine recess?

A

sphenoidal sinuses

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22
Q

which sinus opens into the superior nasal meatus ?

A

posterior ethmoidal cells

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23
Q

where do the frontal sinuses drain into via the frontonasal duct?

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

b) middle nasal meatus (infundibulum)

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24
Q

name the features of a fetal skull not found on an adult skull

A
  • anterior fontanelle
  • posterior fontanelle
  • sphenoidal fontanelle
  • mastoid fontanelle
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25
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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26
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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27
Q

how many sacral vertebrae?

A

5-fused

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28
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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29
Q

list the 5 segments of the vertebrae column

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccyx
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30
Q

where is the lordotic curve in the vertebral column?

A

lumbar region

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31
Q

where is the kyphotic curve in the vertebral column?

A

upper thoracic region

lower cervical

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32
Q

what is lumbar lordosis ?

A

exaggerated lumbar curve

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33
Q

what is thoracic kyphosis

A

exaggerated thoracic curve

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34
Q

what are the two regions of the intervertebral disk

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

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35
Q

what is a herniated disc?

A

the nucleus pulposus protrudes out from the vertebrae and impinges the nerves = numbness

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36
Q

where is the ligamentum flavum located?

A

between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

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37
Q

where is the interspinous ligament located?

A

between the spinous process of adjacent vertebrae

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38
Q

which ligament passes across the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrae?

a) ligamentum flavum
b) anterior longitudinal ligament
c) posterior longitudinal ligament
d) supraspinous ligament
e) interspinous ligament

A

d) supraspinous ligament

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39
Q

which cervical vertebra has no body or spinous process?

A

atlas (C1)

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40
Q

which cervical vertabrae does the dens belong to?

A

axis (C2)

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41
Q

regarding movement , what is the difference between atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial movements?

A

atlanto-occiptal = nodding

atlantoaxial = rotation

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42
Q

which verterbra is likely site for fracture following whiplash?

a) atlas
b) axis
c) C5
d) C6
e) C7

A

C7

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43
Q

head of condyl is covered in which type of cartilage?

a) hyalin
b) elastin
c) fibrocartilaguous

A

a) hyalin (also referred as condylar cartilage)

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44
Q

what type of joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial

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45
Q

mandibular fossa is a feature of which bone?

a) mandible
b) temporal
c) sphenoid
d) zygomatic

A

b) temporal

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46
Q

what is the mandibular fossa’s articulating surface covered by?

A

dense fibrous articular tissue

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47
Q

what are the boundaries of the mandibular fossa?

A

lateral: zygomatic process of temporal bone
middle: spine of sphenoid
anterior: articular eminence
posterior: squamotympanic and petrotympanic fissure

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48
Q

what are the three ligaments associated with the TMJ?

A
  • lateral/temporomandibular ligament
  • sphenomandibular ligament
  • stylomandibular ligament
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49
Q

where does the sphenomandibular ligament originate and terminate?

A

from spine of sphenoid
to
lingula on the ramus of mandible

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50
Q

which nerve supplies the TMJ?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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51
Q

which blood vessels supply the TMJ?

A
  • superficial temporal artery

- maxillary artery

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52
Q

what causes secondary degenerative TMJ dysfunction?

A

bruxism

malocclusion

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53
Q

what can cause TMJ dysfunction?

A

-arthritis :
joint inflammation,
age (primary degenerative) ,
abnormal function (secondary degenerative)

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54
Q

what is a morula ?

A

mass of cells following fertilisation

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55
Q

what does a blastocyst consist of?

A

trophoblast - outer layer of cells
embryoblast - inner cell mass
blastocoele - fluid filled cavity

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56
Q

what three germ layers does the epiblast give rise to?

A

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

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57
Q

what does the primitive endoderm develop into?

A

amniotic sac

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58
Q

what part of the blastocyte do the epiblast and primitive endoderm originate from?

A

embryoblast

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59
Q

where does the right subclavian artery branch out from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk from aorta

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60
Q

where does the common carotid artery divide into the external and internal branches?

A

at upper border of thyroid cartilage

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61
Q

what does the carotid sheath contain?

A
  • carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
  • lymph nodes
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62
Q

what are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

“Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS”

  • superior thyroid
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • facial artery
  • occipital artery
  • posterior auricular
  • maxillary
  • superficial temporal
63
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A
  • deep auricular
  • middle meningeal
  • inferior alveolar > mylohoid, mental, lingual, incisor
  • pterygoid, masseter, buccal,
  • posterior deep temporal
  • posterior superior alveolar
  • infraorbital > middle and anterior superior alveolar
  • descending palatine
  • sphenopalatine
  • pharyngeal
64
Q

what is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery?

A

infraorbital artery

65
Q

what are the two terminating branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • maxillary

- superficial temporal

66
Q

what are the divisions of the facial artery?

A
  • superior labial
  • inferior labial
  • angular artery (termination)
67
Q

which branch of the external carotid artery does the transverse facial artery arise from?

a) maxillary
b) facial
c) superficial temporal
d) occipital
e) posterior auricular

A

c) superficial temporal

68
Q

what are the branches of the lingual artery?

A
  • dorsal lingual
  • deep lingual
  • sublingual
  • suprahyoid branches
69
Q

how does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

A

through the carotid canal

70
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery derive from and which foramen does it enter the skull through?

A

maxillary artery

foramen spinosum

71
Q

which artery passes through the cavernous sinuses?

A

internal carotid

72
Q

where do the vertebral arteries supplying to the cranial cavity originate from?

A

subclavian artery

73
Q

what do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium through?

A

foramen magnum

74
Q

which two arteries from the internal carotid artery supply the face?

A

the ophthalmic branch from the internal carotid divides into two:

supratrochlear
supraorbital

75
Q

which arteries come together at the pons to form the basilar artery?

A

vertebral arteries

76
Q

which two arteries are connected by the posterior communicating artery in the circle of Willis?

A

posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries

77
Q

which artery is NOT a branch from the internal carotid?

a) anterior cerebral
b) middle cerebral
c) posterior cerebral

A

c) posterior cerebral (branch from basilar)

78
Q

what are the layers of the scalp?

A 
S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - apponeurosis
L - loose areolar tissue
P - pericranium
79
Q

what are the meninges of the brain?

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
80
Q

what are the two layers of the dura mater?

A
  • outer endosteal layer

- inner meningeal layer

81
Q

what is the name given to the downward projection of the dura mater, separating the two cerebral hemispheres and attached to the crista galli

A

falx cerebri

82
Q

what is the tentorium cerebri?

A

horizontal projection of dura mater, separating the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres

83
Q

what does the superior sagittal sinus drain into?

a) inferior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus

A

c) confluence

84
Q

what does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?

a) superior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus

A

b) straight sinus

85
Q

what do the cavernous sinuses drain into?

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

86
Q

what does the superior petrosal sinus in the cranial cavity drain into?

a) internal jugular
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus

A

e) transverse sinus

87
Q

what does the transverse sinus drain into ?

a) superior sagittal sinus
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) petrous sinus

A

d) sigmoid sinus

88
Q

what does the inferior petrosal sinus in the cranial cavity drain into?

a) internal jugular
b) straight sinus
c) confluence
d) sigmoid sinus
e) transverse sinus

A

a) internal jugular

89
Q

how do the facial veins communicate with the cavernous sinuses?

A

through the ophthalmic vein

90
Q

which vein passes through the parotid gland?

A

retromandibular vein

91
Q

which lymph nodes are found on the posterior part of the head?

a) occipital and mastoid
b) occipital and parotid
C) parotid and buccal
d) mastoid and submental

A

a) occipital and mastoid

92
Q

which lymph nodes are found beneath the mandible?

a) submastoid and submandibular
b) submental and submandibular
C) parotid and submandibular
d) mastoid and submental

A

b) submental and submandibular

93
Q

which bone does the optic nerve exit from?

A

optic canal in sphenoid bone

94
Q

what is the optic chiasma?

A

fibres from medial half of each retina cross into the opposite sides of the cerebral hemisphere-visual cortex

(lateral half to the same side)

95
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull from?

A

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

96
Q

how do you test for damage of the oculomotor nerve?

A

dilated pupil
double vision
dropping eyelid

97
Q

where does the trochlear nerve exit from?

A

superior orbital fissure

98
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

99
Q

where do the divisions of the trigeminal nerve exit the cranium from?

A

opthalmic: superior orbital fissure

maxillary : foramen rotundum

mandibular: foramen ovale

100
Q

what are the further branches of the opthalmic nerve?

A
  • frontal nerve: supratrochlear
    supraorbital
  • lacrimal nerve
  • nasociliary nerve
101
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

infraorbital

zygomatic

superior alveolar (anterior, middle posterior)

pterygopalatine

nasopalatine

zygomaticotemporal

lesser+greater palatine

102
Q

what innervates the upper lip?

A

maxillary nerve

103
Q

which nerve supplies to the masticatory muscles?

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

104
Q

what are the divisions of the mandibular nerve

A

auriculotemporal

deep temporal

buccal

lingual

inferior alveolar > nerve of mylohyoid, mental

105
Q

which nerve controls secretory function of parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal and auricolotemporal

106
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

cranial nerve disorder of trigeminal nerve

onset by touch, temperature, movement etc

107
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique eye muscle?

A

trochlear

108
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle in the eye?

A

abducens

109
Q

which artery passes through the parotid gland?

A

external carotid artery

110
Q

which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

facial

auricolotemporal ( trigeminal V3)

111
Q

which cranial nerve supplies to the trapezius muscles?

A

accessory nerve

112
Q

which cranial nerve branches out in the parotid gland?

A

facial

113
Q

what are the five branches of the facial nerve?

A 
cervical
mandibular
buccal
zygomatic
temporal
114
Q

what does the facial nerve enter into?

a) external acoustic meatus
b) internal acoustic meatus
c) foramen spinosum
d) stylomastoid foramen
e) jugular foramen

A

b) internal acoustic meatus

115
Q

where does the facial nerve exit out of

a) external acoustic meatus
b) internal acoustic meatus
c) foramen spinosum
d) stylomastoid foramen
e) jugular foramen

A

d) stylomastoid foramen

116
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit out from?

a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen

A

c) internal acoustic meatus

117
Q

where does the accessory nerve of the cranial nerves exit out from

a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen

A

d) jugular foramen

118
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit from

a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen

A

d) jugular foramen

119
Q

where does the vagus nerve exit from

a) foramen rotundum
b) foramen ovale
c) internal acoustic meatus
d) jugular foramen
e stylomastoid foramen

A

d) jugular foramen

120
Q

which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal
facial
hypoglossal
vagus

121
Q

which nerve innervates the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

hypoglossal nerve

122
Q

name the extrinsic tongue muscles and their function

A
  • genioglossus : protrudes tongue
  • hyoglossus : depresses tongue
  • styloglossus : retracts and elevates tongue

(also palatoglossus)

123
Q

what muscles form the suprahyoid?

A
  • digastric
  • stylohoid
  • mylohoid
  • geniohyoid
124
Q

which muscles form the infrahyoid?

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothryroid
  • thyrohyoid
125
Q

where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle originate and insert on?

A

origin: mastoid process of temporal bone
insertion: (two heads) one on manubrium of sternum other on clavicle

126
Q

what makes up the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck muscles?

A

anterior: sternocleidomastoid
posterior: trapezius
inferior : clavicle

127
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck ?

A

anterior: midline
posterior: sternocleidomastoid
superior: inferior margin of mandible

128
Q

what is the name given to the posterior apertures of the nose that open into the nasopharynx?

A

choanae

129
Q

what make up the nasal septum?

A

septal cartilage

vertical plate of the ethmoid bone

vomer

130
Q

what makes up the floor of the nose?

A

palatine process of maxillary bone and palatine bone

131
Q

what is the roof of the nose made of?

A
  • nasal bone
  • frontal bone
  • cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
  • sphenoid bone
132
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open into?

a) inferior nasal meatus
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal meatus
d) sphenoethmoidal recess
e) sphenoethmoidal meatus

A

a) inferior nasal meatus

133
Q

what are the sensory nerves that supply the nose?

A
  • olfactory
  • ophthalmic (V1) > via nasociliary
  • maxillary (V2) via nasopalatine
134
Q

what are the arteries of the nasal cavity?

A
  • maxillary > sphenopalatine
  • facial > septal branches
  • ophthalmic (internal carotid) ethmoidal branches
135
Q

what does the pharyngobasilar fascia cover?

A

the gap between the occipital bone to the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx.

136
Q

what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • salpingopharyngeal
  • palatopharyngeal
  • stylopharyngeal
137
Q

what are the circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

superior, middle, inferior constrictor

138
Q

what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx attached to in the middle?

A

posterior pharyngeal raphe

139
Q

which tonsils make up the waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

A

adenoids (pharyngeal)

tubal tonsils

palatine tonsils

lingual tonsils

140
Q

what connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx?

A

pharyngiotympanic tube

141
Q

what is the retropharyngeal space?

A

between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia

142
Q

which structure is not composed of hyalin cartilage ?

a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage

A

b) epiglottis - fibrocartilage (contains elastin)

143
Q

which one is the strongest cartilage?

a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage

A

c) cricoid cartilage

144
Q

where do the vocal ligaments join?

a) thyroid cartilage
b) epiglottis
c) cricoid cartilage
d) arytenoid cartilage
e) cuneiform cartilage

A

d) arytenoid cartilage

145
Q

which two membranes are intrinsic?

a) cricothyroid
b) thyrohyoid
c) hyo-eppiglottis
d) cricotracheal
e) quadrangular

A

a) cricothyroid
e) quadrangular

(all membranes connecting between laryngeal cartilage are intrinsic while membranes connecting laryngeal cartilages to other structures eg hyoid bone are extrinsic)

146
Q

what connects the thyroid gland lobes?

A

isthmus - tracheal cartilages 2-4

147
Q

what are the nerve innervations of the thyroid gland?

A

dual innervation

para- vagus : laryngeal nerves

148
Q

what is the difference between cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy?

A

cricothyroidotomy: incision in the cricothyroid membrane

tracheostomy: incision between the tracheal ligaments

149
Q

which type of papillae has no taste function?

a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above

A

a) filiform

150
Q

which of the papillae of the tongue have Von Ebner minor salivary glands?

a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above

A

c) vallate

151
Q

which of the tongue papillae are found laterally on the tongue?

a) filiform
b) fungiform
c) vallate
d) foliate
e) none of the above

A

d) foliate

152
Q

which tongue muscle is NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

a) genioglossus
b) hyoglossus
c) palatoglossus
d) styloglossus
e) longitudinal intrinsic muscle

A

c) palatoglossus - innervated by the vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

153
Q

which muscle is not innervated by the vagus nerve?

a) salpingopharyngeal
b) palatopharyngeal
c) stylopharyngeal
d) superior constrictor
e) middle constrictor

A

c) stylopharyngeal - by glossopharyngeal nerve

year 1 (8 decks)

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