Oral And Pharyngeal Musculature

Question 1

Name the 6 basic landmark structures of the oral cavity

Answer 1

1. Hard Palate
2. Soft Palate
   - Uvula
3. Palatoglossal arch
4. Palatine Tonsil
5. Palatopharyngeal Arch
6. Frenulum

Question 2

Name the muscles of the oral region

Answer 2

1. Orbicularis Oris
2. Mylohyoid
3. Geniohyoid
4. Stylohyoid

Question 3

Name the extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 3

1. Hyloglossus
2. Styloglossus
3. Palatoglossus
4. Genioglossus

Question 4

Name the intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 4

1. Superior longitudinal
2. Vertical
3. Transverse
4. Inferior Longitudinal

Question 5

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the Orbicularis oris muscle

Answer 5

Innervation: CN VII
Attachments: Maxilla and inserts directly into lips
Function: controls movements of the mouth and lips

Question 6

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the Mylohyoid

Answer 6

Innervation: Trigeminal V3
Attachments: Mylohyoid line of Mandible and body of Hyoid bone

Function: Depresses the mandible, raises the floor of the mouth during swallowing, and elevates the hyoid bone

Question 7

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the geniohyoid muscle

Answer 7

Innervation: CN XII
Attachments: Lesser horn hyoid bone and genial spines

Function: Carry hyoid bone and tongue upward during deglutition

Question 8

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the Stylohyoid muscle

Answer 8

Innervation: CN VII

Attachments: Styloid process and Body of hyoid next to lesser horn of hyoid

Function: Elevate the hyoid during swallowing

Question 9

Name the innervation, Attachments, and function of the Hyoglossus Muscle

Answer 9

Innervation: CNXII

Attachments: Hyoid bone (greater horn and anterior body) and Lateral tongue between styloglossus and inferior longitudinal

Function: Depresses the tongue

Question 10

Name the innervation, function, and attachments of the Styloglossus Muscle

Answer 10

Innervation: CNXII

Attachments: Styloid Process of temporal bone and tongue (Longitudinal part with inferior Longitudinal and oblique part with hyoglossus)

Function: Elevates and retracts the tongue

Question 11

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the Platoglossus Muscle

Answer 11

Innervation: CN X

Attachments: Palatine aponeurosis and lateral tongue

Function: Elevates the root of the tongue, Closes thee oropharyngeal isthmus by contracting the palatoglossal arch

Question 12

Name the innervation, attachments, and function of the Genioglossus Muscle

Answer 12

Innervation: CN XII

Attachments: Mandible (superior genial spine via intermediate tendon
Insertion: Inferior fibers: body of hyoid bone
Intermediate fibers: Posterior tongue
Superior Fibers: Ventral surface of the tongue

Function: Protrustion of the tongue
Bilateral: makes the dorsum concave
Unilateral: deviation to opposite side

Question 13

Name innervation, attachments and function for the Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 13

Innervation : CN XII

Attachments: originates and inserts within the tongue

Function: alter shape of tongue by lengthening or shortening the tongue

Question 14

Which muscle shortens the tongue and makes the dorsum concave?

Answer 14

Superior longitudinal muscle

Question 15

Which muscle shortens the tongue and makes the dorsum convex?

Answer 15

Inferior longitudinal Muscle

Question 16

Which muscle narrows or elongates the tongue (side to side)?

Answer 16

Transverse muscle

Question 17

Which muscle widens and flattens the tongue (up and down)?

Answer 17

Vertical muscle

Question 18

Where do the Nasopalatine, Greater Palatine, and lesser palatine nerves come from?

Answer 18

CN V2

Question 19

What are the 5 muscles that act on the palate?

Answer 19

1. Tensor Veli Palatini
2. Levator Veli Palatini
3. Uvular Muscle
4. Palatoglossus Muscle
5. Palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 20

What innervates the Tensor Veli Palatini and what does it do?

Answer 20

Innervation: CN V3

Action: Tenses the soft Palate

Question 21

What innervates the Levator Veli Palatini and what does it do?

Answer 21

Innervation: CN X

Function: Elevates the soft palate

Question 22

T/F Both the Tensor Veli Paltini and the levator Veli Palatini help to separate the nasal and oral regions.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F the uvular muscle also separates the nasal region from the oral

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What does the palatopharyngeus muscle do?

Answer 24

Elevates pharynx and larynx

Question 25

What does the Palatoglossus muscle do?

Answer 25

Pulls tongue superiorly

Question 26

Name the 3 regions of the Pharynx

Answer 26

1. NasoPharynx 2. Oral pharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

Question 27

Name the 3 Pharyngeoconstrictor muscles

Answer 27

1. Superior Pharyngeal 2. Middle Pharyngeal 3. Inferior Pharyngeal

Question 28

Name the muscles that elevate the pharynx

Answer 28

1. Salpingopharyngeus 2. Palatopharyngeus 3. Stylopharyngeus

Question 29

Name the attachments for the stylopharyngeus

Answer 29

Styloid process to inner surface of the pharynx

Question 30

T/F Vagus nerve provides motor innervation for all the muscle of the pharynx both elevators and constrictors

Answer 30

FALSE: it does not innervate the Stylopharyngeus

Question 31

What innervates the Stylopharyngeus?

Answer 31

CN IX

Question 32

Divide up the sensory innervation for the 3 regions of the pharynx

Answer 32

1. Nasopharynx: V2 2. Oropharynx: IX 3. Laryngopharynx: X

Question 33

Name the arteries through which the pharynx receives blood supply

Answer 33

1. Ascending Pharyngeal 2. Superior Thyroid 3. Inferior Thyroid 4. Some branches of facial artery and maxillary artery

Question 34

How doe the larynx prevent material from entering the airway?

Answer 34

-Epiglottis lays over the vocal folds

Question 35

What contributions does the larynx make to phonation?

Answer 35

-Tensing, abducting, addicting vocal folds causes air to vibrate during exhalation

Question 36

What contributions the the larynx make to breathing?

Answer 36

-Abduction of vocal chords, glottis open, airway open

Question 37

Explain the cough reflex

Answer 37

-Temporary closure of vocal folds to build up air pressure

Question 38

name the 4 cartilaginous elements of the Larynx

Answer 38

1. Thyroid cartilage 2. Cricoid Cartilage 3. Epiglottis 4. Arytenoid carilage

Question 39

T/F Cricoid Cartilage is a full ring of cartilage

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Name the 3 ligaments pertaining the larynx

Answer 40

1. Thyrohyoid ligament 2. Cricothyroid ligament 3. Vocal ligaments

Question 41

What nerve provides innervation for the larynx

Answer 41

Vagus

Question 42

Name the two branches of the vagus nerve that serve the larynx

Answer 42

1. Superior laryngeal | 2. Recurrent Laryngeal

Question 43

Name the two branches of the superior laryngeal

Answer 43

1. External | 2. Internal

Question 44

What does the external laryngeal branch do?

Answer 44

Motor innervation to cricothyroideus muscle

Question 45

What does the internal laryngeal do?

Answer 45

Sensory innervation above the vocal chords

Question 46

What does the Recurrent laryngeal nerve do?

Answer 46

Motor: Laryngeal Muscles Sensory: below vocal chords

Question 47

Name the Laryngeal joints

Answer 47

1. Cricoarytenoid joint | 2. Cricothyroid joint

Question 48

Describe the Cricoarytenoid Joint

Answer 48

- Synovial Joint between Cartilages | - Abduct and adductor vocal ligaments

Question 49

What muscles serve to adduct vocal ligaments?

Answer 49

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 50

What muscles serve to abduct the vocal ligaments?

Answer 50

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles

Question 51

Describe the Cricothyroid joint

Answer 51

-Synovial joint between cartilages CRICOTHYROIDEUS MUSCLE - Pulls thyroid cartilage anteriorly increasing tension in vocal ligament - Innervated by Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 52

T/F Laryngeal muscles act bilaterally

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What innervates all the laryngeal muscles except for cricothyroideus?

Answer 53

Recurrent laryngeal

Question 54

CN XII innervates all tongue muscles except:

Answer 54

Palatoglossus (CN X)

Question 55

Palate muscles are all innervated by CN X except:

Answer 55

Tensor Veli Palatini (V3)

Question 56

Pharyngeal muscles are all innervated by CNX except:

Answer 56

Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)