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**Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Describe CN I (Olfactory Nerve)

A
  • Special Sensory
  • Only Sensory
  • Part of Telencephalon, NOT a true cranial nerve
  • True Olfactory fibers run from olfactory epithelium in nasal cavity thru cribiform plate and innervated the olfactory bulb
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2
Q

Describe CN II (Optic Nerve)

A
  • Special Sensory
  • Only sensory
  • Part of diencephalon, NOT a true cranial nerve
  • Some fibers cross, others do not, at the optic chiasm
  • fibers then run in the optic track
  • Leaves the orbit via the optic canal
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3
Q

What nerves control Ocular muscles?

A

CN III, IV, VI

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4
Q

What is CN III called and what does it do?

A
  • Oculomotor Nerve

- All ocular muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique

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5
Q

What is CN IV called and what muscle does it control?

A
  • Trochlear Nerve
  • Only the superior oblique
  • Only cranial nerve that emerges dorsally out of the brain stem
  • Only cranial nerve that crosses (Axons on left side arise from cell body on right side)
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6
Q

What is CN VI called and what muscle does it control?

A
  • Abducens

- Only controls lateral rectus

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7
Q

Name all the muscles innervated by Oculomotor Nerve

A
  • superior rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • Levator palpebrae superioris (upper eyelid)
  • Pupillary constrictors
    • pupillary sphincter
    • ciliary muscle
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8
Q

What is CN V called

A

Trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

Describe the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Emerges in the middle of the pons
  • Trigeminal ganglion

3 Branches:

  • V1: ophthalmic
  • V2: maxillary
  • V3: mandibular
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10
Q

What does trigeminal nerve innervate?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Oral floor muscles
  • tensor tympani (middle ear)
  • tensor veil palatini (pharyngeal)
  • sensation of face, forehead, tongue
  • branches of other cranial nerves also join up with CN V
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11
Q

List the general sensory functions for CN V

A
  1. Skin of the face
  2. Nasal mucosa
  3. Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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12
Q

List the general motor functions for CN V

A

Muscles of Mastication:

  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral pterygoid
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13
Q

Who are the visceral hitchhikers with CN V?

A
  1. Branches of CN VII used V2 and V3 nerves to get to the glands in the face
  2. CN IX uses V3/post. Auricular to get to parotid gland
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14
Q

Where does CN V1 emerge and what branches does it give off?

A 
-Superior Orbital Fissure
Branches:
1. Frontal N.
2. Nasociliary N.
3. Lacrimal N. (Sensory only)
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15
Q

Where does CN V2 emerge and what does it branch into?

A

Foramen Rotundum

Branches:

  1. Posterior, Middle, Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves
  2. Infraorbital nerve
  3. Zygomatic Nerve
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16
Q

Where does CN V3 emerge and what does it branch to?

A

Foramen Ovale

Branches:

  1. Auriculotemporal n.
  2. Buccal nerve
  3. Masseteric branch
  4. Deep Temporal branch
  5. Pterygoid branches
  6. Masseteric branches
  7. Inferior alveolar nerve
  8. Lingual nerve
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17
Q

Describe the Lingual nerve

A
  • Runs medial to mandible
  • General Sensory
    • mucosa 2/3 tongue and floor of mouth
  • Chorda Tympani (branch of CN VII) Runs with it
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18
Q

Where does Chorda Tympani run and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Runs with Lingual Nerve
  • Innervates glands (submandibular, sublingual, small ones)
  • Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
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19
Q

Where would you find inferior alveolar and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of V3
  • runs within mandible, enters mandibular foramen

MOTOR:

  • mylohyoid
  • Anterior belly digastric

SENSORY:

  • Pulp of the teeth
  • Mental nerve (skin and lip)
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20
Q

What does CV VI do?

A

Abduction of the eye that it innervates (right side, right eye–other eye is doing adduction)

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21
Q

What are the different divisions to remember of CN VII (Facial Nerve)?

A
  1. Muscles of Facial Expression
  2. Greater Petrosal Nerve
  3. Chorda Tympani Nerve
  4. Nerve to Stapedius

**Major branch of CN VII comes out through parotid gland

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22
Q

What are the 5 branches of facial nerve pertaining to facial expression?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Cervical
  5. Posterior Auricular
  6. Mandibular Branches (sit between Zygomatic and Cervical)
23
Q

What is the Greater Petrosal Nerve and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Innervates Lacrimal and Nasal Glands

**runs with CN V2

24
Q

Chorda Tympani Nerve. What is it and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Providing autonomics/Innervates submandibular, sublingual glands
  • Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue

**runs with lingual nerve (branch of V3)

25
Q

What is the Nerve to Stapedius and what does it do?

A
  • Branch of CN VII
  • Innervates the Stapedius muscle (tiny muscle in middle ear)

**It has branches that innervate the Stylohyoid and posterior belly of Digastric

26
Q

T/F CN VII innervates all the glands in the face.

A

FALSE

It innervates all the glands except for the one it runs through: Parotid Gland

27
Q

What is CN VIII called and what does it do?

A

-Vestibulochochlear Nerve

  • Vestibular senses (proprioception/balance)
  • Sense of Hearing

-Special sensory nerve only but 2 different modalities

28
Q

What are the Motor Functions of CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)?

A
  • Pharyngeal Constrictors
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Parotid Gland
29
Q

What are the Sensory functions of CN IX?

A
  • Posterior tongue (taste and touch)
  • Posterior oral pharynx
  • Mucosa-middle ear
  • Skin: external ear, canal
  • tympanic membrane
30
Q

What are special sensory functions of CN IX?

A
  • Taste: posterior 1/3 of tongue

- Chemo- /Baro- receptors in carotid sinus

31
Q

What are the sensory functions for Vagus nerve?

A
  • Viscera in abdomen and thorax
  • Laryngopharynx and larynx
  • Taste: epiglottis
  • ear and external acoustic meatus
  • posterior cranial fossa: dura
32
Q

What are the motor functions of the Vagus nerve ( CN X )?

A
  • Pharyngeal constrictors (with CN IX)

- Laryngeal Muscles

33
Q

What muscle does the Trochlear nerve control?

A

Superior oblique only

34
Q

Where does CN IV pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

35
Q

What are two unique traits of CN IV that make it different from every other cranial nerve?

A
  1. Contralateral symptoms in nuclear lesion, while still ipsilateral in nerve lesion
    • this is because the axons cross before going out
  2. Only CN to emerge from dorsal surface
36
Q

What is the muscle controlled by Abducens nerve?

A

Lateral rectus

37
Q

What are the points of attachment for the Temporalis?

A

Temporal line (inferior I think) on parietal bone

Coronoid process of mandible

38
Q

What are the attachment points of the masseter?

A

SUPERFICIAL PORTION OF MASSETER:
-maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and anterior 2/3 of inferior border of zygomatic arch

DEEP PORTION:
-deep and medial surface of zygomatic arch

Both portions go down to the angle and ramus of the mandible

39
Q

What are the attachment points for the lateral pterygoid?

A

Goes from Greater wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate to the condyloid process of the mandible

40
Q

What are the attachment points for the medial pterygoid?

A

Origin:
Deep head:
-medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth
Superficial head:
-pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity

Insertion:

Medial angle of the mandible

41
Q

What are the motor functions of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)?

A
  • Pharyngeal constrictors
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Parotid Gland
42
Q

What are the sensory functions of CN IX?

A
  • Posterior tongue
  • Posterior oral pharynx
  • Mucosa: middle ear
  • Skin: external ear, canal
  • Tympanic Membrane
43
Q

What are the special sensory functions of CN IX?

A
  • Taste: posterior 1/3 of the tongue

- Chemo and Baro receptors : carotid sinus, plexus

44
Q

What are the special senses of the Vagus nerve?

A
  • Pressure receptors: aortic arch

- Chemreceptors: aortic body

45
Q

What 2 muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A
  1. SCM

2. Trapezius

46
Q

What motor deficits would be associated with CN XI impingement?

A

Anything that would be a function of SCM or Trapezius.

  • Lifting shoulder
  • Rotating head
47
Q

T/F Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) has both motor and sensory function

A

FALSE–only Motor

48
Q

What muscles are controlled by CN XII?

A

Tongue muscles

49
Q

What Foramen does CN XII exit through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

50
Q

Which Cranial nerves are only sensory?

A
  • CN I
  • CN II
  • CN VIII
51
Q

Which Cranial Nerves are only motor?

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • CN VI
  • CN XI
  • CN XII
52
Q

Which cranial nerves can serve both sensory and motor functions?

A
  • CN V
  • CN VII
  • CN IX
  • CN X
53
Q

T/F CN VIII is the most Lateral/dorsal nerve and is therefore sensory

A

True

**Anatomy (7 decks)

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