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**Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fascia layers of the neck ?

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial Cervical Fascia
  • Deep Fascia
    • Investing Fascia
    • Pretracheal Fascia
    • Prevertebral Fascia
      • Alar Fascia
    • Carotid Sheath
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2
Q

What is found in the Superficial Cervical Fascia?

A

Platysma Muscle

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3
Q

What is found in the Investing fascia?

A
  • Trapezius

- SCM

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4
Q

What are the 3 different components to the Pretracheal Fascia?

A
  1. Muscular
  2. Visceral
  3. Buccopharyngeal
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5
Q

What is found in the Muscular component of the Pretracheal Fascia?

A

-Infrahyoid Muscles

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6
Q

What is found in the Visceral Component of the Pretracheal Fascia?

A

-Thyroid Gland

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7
Q

The Buccopharyngeal portion of the Pretracheal fascia helps to corner two things snugly into the thyroid gland at the level of the throat. What are those two things?

A
  1. Trachea

2. Esophagus

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8
Q

What is the name of the space found directly posterior to the Buccopharyngeal Fascia?

A

-Retropharyngeal space

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9
Q

What is found within the Prevertebral Fascia?

A
  1. Deep Cervical muscles
  2. Levator Scapulae
  3. Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Scalenes
  4. Longus Coli muscle
  5. Alar Fascia * (not necessarily within but connected to)
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10
Q

What runs in between the Alar Fascia and the Prevertebral Fascia?

A

The Sympathetic Trunk

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11
Q

What is the space called through which the sympathetic trunk runs? (The space between the alar fascia and the Prevertebral fascia)

A

Alar Space

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12
Q

What is contained within the Carotid Sheath?

A
  1. Internal Jugular Vein
  2. Carotid Artery
  3. Vagus Nerve
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13
Q

What makes up the Ansa cervicalis and what spinal nerves do those parts come from?

A
  1. Superior root: comes from C1

2. Inferior root: comes from C2-C3

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14
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve come from?

A

C2

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15
Q

Where dos the Great auricular nerve come from?

A

C2-C3

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16
Q

Where does the Transverse Cervical Nerve come from?

A

C2-C3

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17
Q

Where does the Supraclavicular nerve come from?

A

C3-C4

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18
Q

What nerve runs just adjacent to the superior root of Ansa cervicalis?

A

Hypo glossary nerve (CN XII)

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19
Q

What are all the muscles innervated by Ansa cervicalis and where do those innervations originate from?

A
  1. Inferior belly of omohyoid (C2-C3)
  2. Sternohyoid (C1-C3)
  3. Superior Belly of Omohyoid (C1)
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20
Q

Where does innervation for the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles come from?

A

C1

**doesn’t look like its part of Ansa cervicalis though. It branches off of the superior root before the loop

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21
Q

Which nerves are involved in cutaneous innervation?

A
  1. Lesser Occipital
  2. Great Auricular
  3. Transverse Cervical
  4. Supraclavicular
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22
Q

Which nerves are involved in muscle innervation?

A
  1. Ansa cervicalis
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23
Q

What are the 3 Subdivisions of the cervical plexus?

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Diaphragm
  3. Muscle
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24
Q

What is responsible for providing blood supply to the Neck and Face?

A

External Carotid Artery (ECA)

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25
Q

What supplies blood to the brain?

A

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA)

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26
Q

What Drains blood from the head, neck, and face?

A
  1. Internal Jugular Vein (IJV)

2. External Jugular Vein (EJV)

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27
Q

What are two major distinguishing features of the Internal Carotid Artery?

A
  1. Carotid Sinus

2. Carotid Body

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28
Q

What important things are in the carotid sinus and why?

A
  1. Baroreceptors: sensory for pressure

2. Chemoreceptors: sensory for O2/CO2 levels

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29
Q

What are the branches that come off the External Carotid Artery?

A
  1. Superior Thyroid
  2. Ascending Pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
  4. Facial
  5. Occipital
  6. Posterior Auricular
  7. Maxillary
  8. Superficial Temporal
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30
Q

What is supplied with blood via the superior thyroid artery?

A
  1. Anterior Strap muscles
  2. Thyroid Cartilage
  3. Larynx
  4. Thyroid Gland
  5. SCM
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31
Q

What is supplied by blood via Ascending Pharyngeal?

A
  1. Pharyngeal Muscles
  2. Inner Tympanic region
  3. Posterior Meningeal Artery
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32
Q

What is supplied with blood via the lingual Artery?

A
  1. Oral Cavity and floor
  2. Tongue
  3. Epiglottis
  4. Sublingual Glands
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33
Q

What is supplied by blood via the Facial artery?

A
  1. Superficial face and muscles
  2. Angular and Dorsal Nasal
  3. Infraorbital
  4. Superior and inferior labial
  5. Inferior alveolar
  6. Submental
34
Q

What is supplied with blood via the occipital artery?

A
  1. Suboccipital muscles
  2. Dorsal Muscles
  3. Skin and Scalp (Dorsum)
35
Q

What is supplied with blood via the Posterior Auricular artery?

A
  1. Most inner/middle ear

2. Posterolateral Scalp

36
Q

What is supplied with blood via the Superficial Temporal Artery?

A
  1. Temporal and zygomatic region–muscles and bone
37
Q

What drains both the brain and the face?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

38
Q

What veins drain into the internal jugular vein?

A
  1. Facial Vein
  2. Common Facial Vein
  3. Anterior Division Retromandibular Vein
  4. Maxillary Vein
  5. Superficial Temporal Vein
39
Q

Blood drains into the common facial vein before going into IJV. What two veins drain into common facial vein?

A
  1. Facial Vein

2. Retromandibular vein

40
Q

T/F: The External Jugular Vein also drains the Brain and Face.

A

FALSE: External Jugular only drains the face

41
Q

What veins drain into External Jugular vein?

A
  1. Superficial Temporal
  2. Maxillary
  3. Posterior Auricular
  4. Pterygoid Plexus of veins
42
Q

What veins are listed and draining into both the IJV and EJV?

A
  1. Superficial Temporal
  2. Maxillary
  3. Retromandibular
43
Q

There is an anastomoses between the blood drainage of the IJV and the EJV. Where does this occur?

A

Retromandibular Vein

44
Q

T/F: The Pterygoid Plexus allows blood to drain in the the cavernous sinus if there is too much blockage.

A

True

45
Q

T/F: The Pterygoid Plexus is a potential access point for infection to the brain.

A

True

*Retromandibular may also be included in that. It’s on the same slide for when he mentioned it.

46
Q

What are the attachments points and innervation for the SCM?

A

ATTACHMENT POINTS: Clavicular and Sternal heads & Mastoid Process

INNERVATION: CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)

47
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

A
  1. Elevate the hyoid bone and larynx

2. Can also help depress the Mandible

48
Q

What are the attachment points and innervation for the Anterior and posterior bellies of the Digastric Muscle?

A

ANTERIOR BELLY:
Attachement: Digastric Fossa of mandible to intermediate tendon of hyoid bone
Innervation: 3rd branch of CN5

POSTERIOR BELLY:
Attachment: Intermediate Tendon to Digastric notch of temporal bone
Innervation: CN VII

49
Q

What are the attachment points and innervation for the Stylohyoid Muscle?

A

ATTACHEMENTS: Styloid Process to Lesser horn of Hyoid bone

INNERVATION: Facial nerve (CN XII)

50
Q

What are the attachments and innervation for the Mylohyoid Muscle?

A

ATTACHEMENTS: Mylohyoid line of Mandible to Body of hyoid bone

INNERVATION: CN 5.3

**Mylohyoid also elevates the base of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

-Makes up the Muscular floor of the mouth

51
Q

What muscles make up the suprahyoids?

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
52
Q

What is the function and innervation of the Infrahyoid muscles?

A

FUNCTION:

  • Depress the hyoid bone and larynx
  • Can also depress Mandible when working with suprahyoids

INNERVATION:
-Ansa Cervicalis

53
Q

What are the muscles that make up the infrahyoids and which are deep/superficial?

A

SUPERFICIAL:

  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Omohyoid (Superior and Inferior heads)

DEEP:

  1. Thyrohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
54
Q

What is the location and function of Longus Coli/cap?

A

FUNCTION:

  • Flex the neck
  • Postural support and proprioception

LOCATION:
-Anterior of Vertebral Body

55
Q

Name the attachments, functions, and innervation of the Scalenes.

A

ATTACHMENTS:
-Transverse processes of C3-C7 to 1st rib (for anterior and middle one), to 2nd rib (for posterior scalene)

FUNCTIONS:

- Flex neck (bilateral)
- Tilt the head to the same side (unilateral)
- Helps in respiration (elevation of ribs 1 an 2)

INNERVATION:
-Ventral rami of cervical nerves

*looks like brachial plexus is also coming out through these muscles

56
Q

What two muscles make up the dividing lines of the Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A
  1. SCM

2. Trapezius

57
Q

What makes up the “roof” of the Posterior triangle?

A

Deep investing fascia

58
Q

What makes up the “floor” of the posterior triangle?

A

Prevertebral Fascia

59
Q

Name the important vein and nerves that are found in the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. External Jugular Vein

2. Cervical Plexus (cutaneous nerves)

60
Q

Within the posterior triangle, name the components of the Interscalene triangle.

A
  1. Anterior Scalene muscle
  2. Brachial Plexus
  3. Middle Scalene Muscle
61
Q

What additional muscles are found in the posterior triangle? (In addition to anterior and middle scalene)

A
  1. Splenius Capitis
  2. Lavator Scapulae
  3. Posterior Scalene
  4. Inferior belly of omohyoid (this can technically be the border between two separate triangles within the posterior on)
62
Q

What are the arteries found in the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Thyrocervical trunk (coming off subclavian)
    A. Transverse cervical artery
    B. Supra scapular Artery
  2. Inferior Thyroid Artery
63
Q

What additional triangles is the Anterior Triangle divided into?

A
  1. Muscular
  2. Submental
  3. Submandibular
  4. Carotid
64
Q

What are the borders of the Muscular Triangle?

A
  1. Superior Belly Omohyoid
  2. Midline
  3. SCM

**Borders use infrahyoid muscles

65
Q

What are the borders of the Submental Triangle

A
  1. Both Anterior Digastrics

2. Hyoid bone

66
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A
  1. Anterior Digastric
  2. Posterior Digastric
  3. Mandible
67
Q

What important features are found in the submandibular triangle?

A
  1. Submandibular gland
  2. Submandibular lymph nodes
  3. Lingual and Facial Arteries
  4. Hypoglossal nerve
68
Q

What are the borders of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  1. Superior Omohyoid
  2. Posterior Digastric
  3. SCM
69
Q

What important features are located in the Carotid Triangle?

A
  1. Common, external, and internal Carotid arteries
  2. Internal Jugular Vein
  3. CN X, XI, XII
  4. Some of Cervical Plexus
70
Q

What nerves make up the cervical plexus?

A
  • C1, C2, C3, Anterior rami
  • Inferior root of Ansa cervicalis = skin of the neck
  • Superior root of Ansa Cervicalis = Strap muscles
71
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A

Visceral sensory: carotid sinus and body

72
Q

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A

Visceral Sensory:
-Carotid Body n.

Sensory and Motor:

- Laryngeal nn.
      - Superior
             - Internal
             - External
      - Inferior (recurrent)
73
Q

What makes up the Visceral Triangle?

A
  1. Thyroid/Parathyroid
  2. Trachea
  3. Esophagus
74
Q

What supplies the thyroid with blood?

A

Superior and inferior Thyroid Arteries

75
Q

What drains blood from the thyroid?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

76
Q

What innervated the thyroid?

A
  1. Superior laryngeal n.

2. Inferior (recurrent) laryngeal n.

77
Q

What is located at the root of the neck?

A
  1. Aortic Arch
  2. Subclavian Artery Branches
  3. Veins
  4. Thoracic Duct
78
Q

What are two branches off the subclavian artery?

A
  1. Vertebral

2. Thyrocervical Trunk

79
Q

What is the pathway for the vertebral artery to get to the brain?

A
  1. Goes in between Anterior Scalene and Longus Coli
  2. Goes up through transfers processes
  3. Through Foramen Magnum
80
Q

What are the branches coming off the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  1. Inferior thyroid
    • Ascending cervical comes off this
  2. Transverse Cervical
  3. Suprascapular
81
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A
  • Looks like it drains into the left brachiocephalic right in between the subclavian and common carotid
  • Another picture he had looked like it was draining into the left subclavian just befor L. Brachiocephalic
82
Q

What are the muscles innervated by Ansa Cervicalis?

A
  1. Geniohyoid (C1)
  2. Thyrohyoid (C1)
  3. Superior Belly of Omohyoid (C1)
  4. Sternothyroid (C1-C3)
  5. Inferior belly of omohyoid (C2-C3)

**Anatomy (7 decks)

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