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**Anatomy > Brain Vasculature > Flashcards

Brain Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A
  1. Internal carotid

2. Vertebral

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2
Q

What are the 3 major arteries of the cortex?

A
  1. Middle Cerebral Artery
  2. Anterior Cerebral
  3. Posterior cerebral
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3
Q

Which of the 3 major arteries of the cortex branch from the internal carotid?

A
  1. Middle cerebral

2. Anterior cerebral

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4
Q

Where does the Middle cerebral artery go and what does it supply?

A
  1. Branches off and runs in the Lateral/Sylvia fissure

2. Supplies most of what you would see from a lateral view of the brain

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5
Q

What is a key feature supplied with blood by the anterior cerebral artery and why is this important?

A
  1. Pericentral lobule

- This is the portion of the brain that provides innervation for the lower limbs

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6
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply blood and why is this important?

A
  1. Occipital lobe

2. Vision

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7
Q

What are the 3 arteries that supply the cerebellum with blood?

A
  1. Superior Cerebellar
  2. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
  3. Posterior Inferior cerebellar
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8
Q

What nerves are located in the midbrain?

A

CN III and CN IV

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9
Q

What nerves are located in the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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10
Q

What nerves are located in the medulla?

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

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11
Q

What are the 3 tests to localize lesions in unconscious patients, what parts of the brainstem do these test for and what nerves are associate with the test?

A
  1. Pupillary light reflex (midbrain: oculomotor nerve)
  2. Corneal reflex: Input: Trigeminal
    Output: Facial nerve
  3. Gag reflex: Input: CN IX
    Output: CN IX and X but predominantly X
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12
Q

Where does the midbrain (mesencephalon) get most of its blood supply?

A
  • Basilar artery
  • Posterior cerebral artery (choroidal branches)
    • this is predominant source
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13
Q

Where does the pons (metencephalon) get its blood supply?

A
  1. Basilar artery: almost entirely

2. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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14
Q

Where does the medulla oblongota get its blood supply?

A
  1. Anterior spinal artery
  2. Vertebral artery
  3. PICA
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15
Q

What arteries form the two watershed areas on the brain?

A
  1. ACA-MCA

2. MCA-PCA

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16
Q

What structure is made of dura mater and separates the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

Fall Cerebri

17
Q

What structure separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum and is made of dura mater?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

18
Q

What important vasculature/nerves can be found running through the cavernous sinus?

A
  1. Inferior Carotid Artery

2. CN III, IV, V, VI

19
Q

What route would an infection take to get from the Pterygoid plexus to the brain?

A

It would go through the angular artery and angular vein

20
Q

What nerves/features would be affected by an infection that managed to get into the cavernous sinuses?

A
  1. CN II, III, IV, V, VI

2. Pituitary

21
Q

What would be the first feature affect by cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

CN VI

22
Q

Where does an epidural hematoma occur?

A

Between Dura mater and inner table of skull. This usually happens with the middle meningeal artery

23
Q

Where does a subdural hematoma happen?

A
  • Below dura mater but above arachnoid mater
  • usually an injury to bridging veins
  • crescent shaped, does not enter sulci
24
Q

Where would you find a subarachnoid aneurysm?

A
  • space between the pia and arachnoid
  • Rupture of arteries serving the brain
  • fills the sulci
25
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemorrage?

A

-bleeding into the subarachnoid space via a rupture of an intracranial vessel

26
Q

Define Stroke

A
  • Sudden onset of focal neurological dysfunction due to disrupted arterial flow o a portion of cerebral parenchyma
  • Also referred to as cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
27
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A
  1. Hemorrhagic Stroke

2. Ischemic Stroke

28
Q

What causes a Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A

-Hemorrhage/blood leaks into brain tissue

29
Q

What causes an Ischemic Stroke?

A

-Clot stops blood supply to an area of the brain

30
Q

What produces CSF fluid?

A

Produced in ventricles by the choroid plexus

31
Q

T/F CSF flows through ventricles out to bath CNS

A

True

32
Q

T/F CSF exits into arachnoid venous sinuses via dura granulation/villi

A

FALSE: It exits into DURAL venous sinuses via ARACHNOID granulations/ villi

33
Q

What are the arteries that branch directly off the Internal carotid Artery?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. Anterior Cerebral
  3. Middle Cerebral
34
Q

What are the branches off the Vertebral Artery?

A
  1. PICA

2. Basilar

35
Q

What branches off the basilar artery?

A
  1. AICA
  2. SCA
  3. Posterior Cerebral
36
Q

What are the arteries that make up the Cerebral arterial circle of willis?

A
  1. Anterior communicating
  2. Anterior cerebral
  3. Internal Carotid
  4. Posterior Communicating
  5. Posterior Cerebral

**Anatomy (7 decks)

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