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GI Week 1 > Oral and Esophageal Histology > Flashcards

Oral and Esophageal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general structural plan in the GI system?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. supporting wall
  4. adventitia/serosa
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2
Q

What are the three general surface areas/features for the lip?

A
  1. an outer cutaneous layer (skin)
  2. red area
    3 oral mucosa
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3
Q

What’s the supporting wall for the lip?

A

orbicularis oris muscle

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4
Q

What is the supporting wall for the cheek?

A

the buccinator

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5
Q

The mucosa and submucosa of the cheek is similar to that of the lips except for what difference?

A

there’s more elastic tissue in the submucosa of the cheek to help reduce biting your cheeks

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6
Q

Where in the mouth is the stratified squamous epithelium keritinized and where is it not?

A

in general it’s keritinized in areas where there’s lots of stress from eating. So on the top of the tongue and on the hard palate it’s keritinized.
On the lips and lower part of the tongue it’s non-keritinized

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7
Q

Describe the submucosa of the hard palate and explain how it differs in different areas.

A

it’s absent in the midline
anterior 1/3 has lots of fat
posteiror 2/3 has lots of mucous glands

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8
Q

Describe the epithelium for the soft palate.

A

it’s stratified squamous keratinizing on the oral side and then pseudostratified columnar ciliated on the nasal side

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9
Q

Describe the submucosa of the soft palate.

A

it’s mostly mixed glands

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10
Q

What’s the supporting wall of the soft palate?

A

skeletal muscle and connective tissue

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11
Q

Why is the dorsal surface of the tongue’s mucosa complex?

A

its lamina propria is modified to form various papillae

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12
Q

The serous glands are beneath what papillae?

A

the circumvallate papillae

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13
Q

What do the mucous lgands empty into on the dorsal tongue?

A

tonsillar crypts

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14
Q

What nerves supply the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

cranial nerves V and VII

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15
Q

What nerves supply the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

cranial nerves IX and X

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae?

A

filiform
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate

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17
Q

What’s the most numerous papillae?

A

filiform

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18
Q

What’s the papillae that sticks up higher than the rest?

A

fungiform

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19
Q

Which are underdeveloped in humans?

A

foliate - located on the lateral sides of the tongue

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20
Q

On histology, why are filiform papillae really obvious/

A

they have lots of obvious keratinization

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21
Q

Where on the tongue are fungiform papillae most numerous?

A

towards the tip

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22
Q

What do the fungiform papillae look like?

A

slightly reddish club-shaped

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23
Q

What crnaial nerves innervates the fungiform papillae?

A

cranial nerve VII

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24
Q

What papillar are adjacent to the sulcus terminalis?

A

circumballate

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25
Q

What surrounds the circumvallate? What empties there?

A

a deep trench in which the serous glands of von Ebner empty

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26
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the circumvallate papillae?

A

CN IX

27
Q

Taste buds are on what papillae?

A

circumvallate
fungiform
foliate

NOT on filiform

28
Q

What layer are the taste buds embedded in?

A

epithelial layer

29
Q

What are the three types of cells within taste buds?

A

sustentacular cells
taste receptor cells
basal cells (which give rise to the other 2)

30
Q

WHat’s the outer layer of a tooth?

A

enamel?

31
Q

What’s the middle layer that surrounds the pulp cavity?

A

dentin

32
Q

What produces enamel?

A

ameloblasts

33
Q

What produces dentin?

A

odontoblasts

34
Q

What is the collagenous fibers with nerves that sort of act like a sling to keep the tooth in place?

A

the periodontal ligament

35
Q

What connects the tooth to the periodontal ligament?

A

the cementum (formed by cementoblasts)

36
Q

What type of bone does the periodontal ligament connect the tooth to?

A

alveolar bone - cancellous bone

37
Q

What are the three major salivary glands?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

38
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A

Water, cellular & bacterial debris, leukocytes, salts, salivary amylase, mucus, secretory IgA, desquamated epithelial cells

39
Q

In general, what are the 4 ducts of a salivary gland?

A

excretory duct
striated duct
intercalated duct
alveolus

40
Q

What are the specialized smooth muscle cells between serous/mucous cells and basement membrane in the secreotry unit?

A

myoeptihelial cells

41
Q

What do myoepithelial cells do?

A

they contract to help discharge from the secretory cells

42
Q

What epithelium is typically in the lumen of an excretory duct?

A

stratified columnar

43
Q

How do excretory ducts differ from the striated?

A

excretory are bigger and striated are more eosinophilis

44
Q

How do the striated duct differ from the intercalated?

A

intercalated area really tiny

45
Q

Which are darker staining, mucous or serous alveoli?

A

serous are dark, mucous are light (plus mucous has nuclei at the outer edge)

46
Q

What’s the cap that ou occasionally see on a mucous alveolus?

A

a serous demilune

47
Q

What surrounds a parotid gland?

A

a very prominent connective tissue capsule CT separating lobes and lobules

48
Q

True or false: striated and itnercalated ducts are prominent in the parotid gland.

A

true

49
Q

Are acini primarily serous or mucous in the parotid gland

A

almost 100% serous

50
Q

What additional tissue is found surrounding the acini and ducts of the parotid gland?

A

fat

51
Q

Is the CT capsule more or less present in the submandibular gland compared to the parotid?

A

less conspicuous than the parotid

52
Q

What ducts are well defined and which are scarce in the submandivulra/

A

striated are well defined while intercalated are scarce

53
Q

What are the acini mostly in the submandibular

A

most are serous, but 10-25% are mucous

54
Q

How does the CT capsule of the sublingual compare?

A

very indistinct

55
Q

What ducts are prominent and what are not in the sublingual

A

excretory ducts prominent while striated are not prevalent and intercalated are non-existent

56
Q

What are most of the acini in the subligual gland?

A

75% are mucous with serous demilunes and 25% are serous

57
Q

What are the layers of the esophagus?

A

mucosa
submucosa
musclaris externa
adventitia

58
Q

What glands are located in the upper 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the esophageal mucosa?

A

mucous glands called cardiac glands

59
Q

Where are the mucous glands in the middle 1/3 of the esophagus?

A

in the submucosa

60
Q

What else is located in the submucosal layer for the esophagus?

A

the submucosal nerve plexi

larger blood vessels and lymphatics

61
Q

What type of muscle is in the muscularis externa?

A

skeletal muscle for the first 1/3, both in the middle and then smooth in the lower 1/3

62
Q

What else is located in the muscularis externa?

A

myenteric nerve plexi

63
Q

Does the esophagus have a serosa or an adventitia?

A

adventitia

GI Week 1 (13 decks)

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