Metabolism Review and Energy Quiz Questions Flashcards
What accounts for the majority of the chemical energy in your body? Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Glucose Glycogen Protein Triacylglycerol
Triacylglycerol - highest caloric fuel
24 hours after a meal, which one of the following is most likely to occur?
- Fatty acids released from adipose tissue provide carbon for synthesis of glucose.
- Gluconeogenesis in the liver will be the major source of blood glucose.
- Ketone bodies provide carbon for gluconeogenesis.
- Muscle converts amino acids to blood glucose.
- Muscle glycogenolysis provides glucose to the blood.
gluconeogenesis in the liver will be the major source of blood glucose’
In a well nourished individual, as the length of fasting increases from overnight to one week, which one of the following is most likely to occur?
- Adipose triacylglycerol stores are nearly depleted
- Blood glucose levels decrease by approximately 50%
- Brain begins to use fatty acids as a major fuel
- Muscle decreases its use of ketone bodies, which increase in the blood
- Red blood cells switch to using ketone bodies
‘muscle decreases its use of ketone bodies’
saves it for the brain
A hospitalized patient had low levels of serum albumin and high levels of blood ammonia. His creatinine – height index (CHI) was 98% and his body mass index (BMI) was 20.5. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was not elevated. The diagnosis most consistent with these findings is. . .
- Anorexia nervosa
- Decreased absorption of amino acids by intestinal epithelial cells (e.g. celiac disease)
- Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)
- Loss of hepatic function (e.g. alcohol induced cirrhosis)
- Marasmus (protein & calorie malnutrition)
loss of hepatic function’
A 43 year old male is 5’10” tall and weighs 170 pounds and doesn’t exercise. He wants to maintain a healthy weight without changing his level of physical activity. How much would you recommend he eat each day? 1124 kcal/day 1873 kcal/day 2159 kcal/day 2567 kcal/day 3423 kcal/day
1873
Which molecule is the least oxidized? alanine fructose glucose oleate stearate
stearate (most number of carbons per other molecule basically - least number of double bonds)
A male patient presented with a BMI of 33 kg/m2 and a waist circumference of 47 inches. What dietary therapy would you consider most helpful?
- Decreased intake of total calories
- The same amount of total calories, but substitution of carbohydrates for fat
- Increased intake of total calories
- The same amount of total calories, but substitution of protein for fat
- The ice cream and sherry
Decreased intake of total calories
At nonprotein RQs above 0.85, the primary fuel for respiration is?
carbohydrates
When a person is burning fat for the majority of his energy, his RQ will be lower than if he were using mostly carbs because fat is more_____
reduced
A healthy woman ate a meal of mixed carbohydrates, fat and protein on monday evening, then had her respiratory quotient (RQ) measured by indirect calorimetry. She did not eat anything for three days, and had her RQ measured again on Thursday. What happened to her RQ from Monday to Thursday?
Correct answer is ‘decreased’ because she is switching from oxidizing carbs in the fed state to oxidizing fat in the starved state.
A 25 year old male pharmacy student weighs 88 kg and is 170 cm tall. He decided to lose weight by eating only 300 kcal/day of a dietary supplement that provided half the calories as carbohydrate and half as protein. In addition, he consumed a multivitamin supplement and several glasses of water per day. After three days of this diet, which statement best represents the student’s metabolism?
- His protein intake met the RDA for protein
- His carbohydrate intake met the fuel needs of his brain
- Both his adipose mass and his muscle mass decreased
- He remained in positive nitrogen balance
- He developed severe hypoglycemia
Correct answer is ‘both his adipose mass and his muscle mass decreased’
