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GI Week 1 > Disposition of the Peritoneum > Flashcards

Disposition of the Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

In general, what is the peritoneum?

A

a secretory serous membrane derived from mesenchymal cells of the embyronic mesoderm that secretes a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication between the surfaces of organs that extend into it

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2
Q

What does the peritoneum line?

A

lines the peritoneal cavity, which is the largest serous cavity in the body, located in the abdominopelvic cavity

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3
Q

How does the peritoneum differ between men and women?

A

in men it’s a completely closed cavity. In women it communicates with the exterior via the openings of uterine tubes

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4
Q

What are the two continuous layers of the peritoneum?

A

the parietal peritoneum, (lines walls of abdominal cavity and upper pelvic cavity)

the visceral peritoneum (covers the organs)

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5
Q

What are the two main divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

A

the greater sac and lesser sac

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6
Q

Describe the greater sac.

A

It’s the main compartment
it extends across the entire breadth of the abodmen from the diaphragm to pelvis
Organs that extend into the greater sac are peritoneal or itnraperitoneal

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7
Q

What’s another name for the lesser sac?

A

omental bursa

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8
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

it lies behind the stomach, liver, lesser omentum and part of the greater omentum

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9
Q

How is the lesser sac formed?

A

as a result of the rotation of the gut

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10
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

A

via the epiploid (omental) foramen (of Winslow)

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11
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

it’s a two-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches part of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall and permites the intestines to be mobile

also serves as a conduit for blood vessels and nerves to the attached organ

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12
Q

What is the omentum?

A

It’s a two-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches to the stoamch and other organs

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13
Q

What are the two sections of the omentum?

A

greater omentum (stomach to transverse colon, four layers and potential space)

lesser omentum (stomach and and a small part of the duodenum to the liver)

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14
Q

What are the three peritoneal ligaments?

A

falciform ligament
lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament
triangular ligament

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15
Q

What does the falciform ligament attach to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

the liver

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16
Q

What does the lienorenal ligament attach to the posterior wall?

A

attaches the spleen to the posterior wall at the level of the kidneys

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17
Q

What does the traignular ligament attach?

A

the liver to the inferior diaphragm

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18
Q

Mesenteries or ligaments that extend from the ANTERIOR body wall are derived from ______ and those from the posterior body wall are derived from ______

A

ventral mesentery

dorsal mesentery

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19
Q

How do we designate organs that develop adjacent to the body wall outside the peritoneal cavity?

A

they are retroperitoneal or extraperitoneal

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20
Q

The free inferior border of the falciform ligament encloses what?

A

the ligamentum teres, which is the remnant of the fetal left umbilical vein (extends from the umbilicus to the porta hepatis)

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21
Q

As the falciform ligament’s superior attachment to the liver diverges, the right lamina forms what three ligaments which enclose the “bare area” of the liver?

A

anterior layer of the coronary ligament
right triangular ligament
posterior layer of the coronary ligament

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22
Q

As the falciform ligament’s superior attachment to the liver diverges, the left lamina forms what?

A

the left triangular ligament

23
Q

Again, the lesser omentum forms ligaments between the liver and what two organs?

A

the stomach and the the first imch of the duodenum

24
Q

What are the names of these two ligaments

A

hepatoduodenal liagment

hepatogastric ligament

25
Q

The hepatoduodenal ligament encloses the portal triad, which includes what?

A

common bile duct
hepatic artery
portal vein

26
Q

What does the hepatogastric ligament enclose?

A

the right and left gastric arteries

27
Q

Which omentum is a derivative of the dorsal mesentery and which is a derivative of the ventral mesentery?

A 
dorsal = greater
ventral = lesser
28
Q

The greater omentum extends down from the greater curvature of the stomach to coil over the intestines and attach to what part of the colon?

A

transverse colon

29
Q

What are the three parts of the greater omentum?

A

gastrocolic
gastrosplenic (gastrolienal)
gastrophrenic

30
Q

The tastrosplenic ligament extends from the hilus of the spleen to where?

A

the fundus of the stomach

31
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament enclose?

A

the short gastric vessels

32
Q

THe splenorenal ligament extends from the parietal periteonum over the kidney to where?

A

the hilus of the spleen

33
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament enclose?

A

the splenic vessels

34
Q

The transverse mesocolon extends from the posterior abdominal wall to suspend what?

A

the transver colon

35
Q

What vessels are enclosed in the transverse mesocolon?

A

the middle colic vessels

thy’re branches of the superior mesenteric artery

36
Q

The sigmoid mesocolon extends from the posterior abdominal wall to suspend the sigmoid colon (obvi) and encloses what vessels?

A

sigmoid colon vessels (obvi)

they’re branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

37
Q

What parts of the small intestine are suspended by The mesentery of small intestine?

A

the jejunum and ileum

38
Q

What vessels are enclosed by the mesentery of the small intestine?

A

the intestinal and ileocolic vessels

branches of the superior mesenteric branches

39
Q

What are peritoneal recesses?

A

they are spaces and channels defined by the peritoneum as it drapes over organs - channels provide a route for pooling or flow of ascites fluids, spread of cancer cells and infection

40
Q

What are the channels that lie lateral to the ascending and descending colon?

A

right and left paracolic (by the colon) gutters

41
Q

What spaces lie on either side of the root of the mesentery? Which is a closed space?

A

the right and left infracolic spaces

the right is a closed space

42
Q

What is the potential space bounded by the liver, right kidney, duodenum and colon? What does this represent when the indiivdual is supine?

A

the hepatorenal recess

represents the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine

43
Q

What recesses are bounded by the liver, falciform ligament and anterior abdominal wall?

A

the subphrenic recess

44
Q

What’s important about abscessese that form in the subphrenic recesses?

A

they may penetrate the diaphragm

45
Q

What does primary retroperitoneal refer to?

A

organs that develop entirely outside the peritoneum

46
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal “organs” in the abdomen?

A

kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, aorta and inferior vena cava, lunbar plexus and branches

47
Q

What does secondary retroperitoneal refer to?

A

organs that initially develop within the peritoneal cavity but later become retroperiteonal.

48
Q

What are the secondary retroperiteonal organs?

A

most of the duodenum, ascending colon and descending colon

49
Q

How is the parietal peritoneum innervated?

A

by somatic afferent fibers from intercostal and subcostal nerves, phrenic nerves and first lumbar nerve (L1)

50
Q

How is the visceral peritoneum innervated?

A

innervated by visceral afferent fibers running with the autonomic nervous system (sensitive to stretch which leads to sensation of pain)

Since it’s diffuse, sensation is difficult to localize when visceral

51
Q

Why is particulate matter in the peritoneal cavity moved to the subphrenic spaces rapidly?

A

there is a continuous intraperitoneal movement of fluid toward the diaphragm where it is absorbed into the lymphatics

52
Q

What does peritonitis result in?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum results in accumulation of a serous fluid in the area (ascites)

53
Q

What are periteonal coverings capable of doing in areas of infection?

A

they stick together to essentially “wall off” infections

GI Week 1 (13 decks)

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