ORAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
the teeth of both jaws are held in by bony sockets by their periodontal ligaments. what bone forms the sockets?
Alveolar process
what main constituents of saliva acts as a buffering agent?
Inorganic Ions
Patient complains of a ‘numb’ sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the right side of his tounge, after previously going surgical removal of the lower right third-molar tooth. what nerve is most likely to have been damaged during the surgical procedure?
Lingual nerve
What is the most powerful muscle during mastication?
Masseter
What nerve transmits taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tounge?
Hypoglossal nerve
The lower first permanent molar teeth are amongst the first of the secondary dentition to erupt. what is the correct arrangements of their roots in the mandible?
Mesial and Distal
Patient attends for the extraction of the lower right second premolar tooth, to ensure a painless procedure, the dentist must anaesthetise what combination of nerves?
Lingual and mental nerves
What bony plates forms the base of the posterior part of the cranium?
occipital bone
The periodontal ligament is composed of a protein called collagen, which gives the structure strength and resistance to tearing during mastication. what cell type is responsible for the formation of collagen?
Fibroblasts
what cell type forms dentine?
odontoblast
what muscle of mastication contracts to allow the movement of the jaw from side to side?
lateral pterygoid
Patient attends for the extraction of the upper right canine tooth, which is labially placed and now periodontally involved. to esure a painless procedure is carried out. the dentist must anaesthetise what pair of nerves?
Anterior superior dental and nasopalatine nerves
What is the most likely average age of eruption for upper lateral insicors
8-9 years
The mandible forms the horseshoe-shaped lower jaw of the oral cavity, and articulates with the temporal bone of the skull at a certain anatomical structure to form the temporomandibular joint. what is the most likely name of this anatomical structure?
condyle
in muscles of mastication, what nerve has a motor branch that provides their innervation?
Mandibular
Food bolus is prevented from passing into the nasal cavity during swallowing by the action of what anatomical structure?
soft palate
the largest of the salivary glands secrets it contents into the oral cavity by what method?
through stenson’s duct
what anatomical structure protects the inferior dental nerve from damage before it enters the mandible?
Lingula
Patient attends for restoration of the lower left first molar tooth, and the tooth is fractures buccally. to ensure a painless procedure, the dentist must anaesthetise what pair of nerves?
inferior dental and long buccal nerves
the roots of the upper second molar teeth are arranged in the maxilla according to what?
palatal, mesiobuccal and distobuccal
what cell type is responsible for formation of enamel?
Ameloblast
What is the anatomical reference for the point at which the two bones fuse together?
Mental symphysis
Patient attends for the removal of hyperplastic gingivae overlying the upper right molar teeth, the dentist must anaesthetise what pair of nerves?
middle and posterior superior dental nerves
a branch of the mandibular division runs from the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible and then over the external oblique ridge to supply the surrounding gingivae. what is the name of this branch?
long buccal nerve
what is the most likely average age for premolar eruption?
9-11 years
the internal bone structures of the nasal cavity is specifically adapted to ensure that inspired air is warmed, by passing over the rich capillary beds lining what?
Turbinates
What muscle, which has its points of insertion on the coronoid process, is responsible for jaw closing?
temporalis
what nerve tansmits messages to the paratoid salivary glands, to effect its secretory action?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
the anterior superior dental nerve enters the skull through what formina?
infraorbital foramen
What muscle, whcih has its points of origin on the outer surface of the zygomatic arch, is responsible for jaw closing?
Masseter
What covers the point at which the enamel and cementum normally meet?
Junctional epithelium
The sublingual and submandibular gland lie in the floor of the mouth, in close proximity to the tounge. they are seperated from eachother anatomically by what muscle?
Mylohyoid
