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Hisotology Final > ORAL > Flashcards

ORAL Flashcards

1
Q

Identify

A
  1. Hard Plate
  2. Soft plate
  3. Molars
  4. Pre Molars
  5. .Canine
  6. Incissors
  7. Vestibule ( external position) space between lips and gums where parotid ducts secrete their product
  8. Superior (Top) Lip
  9. Gingivae (gums)
  10. palatine tonsil ( side)
  11. Inferior ( bottom ) Lip
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2
Q

THREE main spaces of the oral

A

Vesibules : betweens lips and gums

Oral cavity proper

Pharynx which is at the back

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3
Q

The entire oral cavity is covered with

A

mucous membrane

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4
Q

If the epithelium is keratinized the mucosa is said to be

A

masticatory mucosa

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5
Q

Masticatory Mucosa is and covers

A

Masticatory means friction, regions with alot of friction. surfaces such as ie gingiva (gums) hard plate and dorsal surface of the tongue (top)

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6
Q

Cells in the oral cavity are usually

A

wet

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7
Q

Where is the sublingual area of the mouth ( think SUB)? and this area is very ___

A

Suublingual is the floor of the mouth is very permeable to the system

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8
Q

Where is the ventral surface of the tounge ?

is it more or less permeable , is abosorption faster than chewing

A

right under the tounge is the vental surface and is most permeable has fast absorbtion ( remember how u take B-12)

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9
Q

Strisfied squamous eptithelium is mostly _____ in the oral cavity

A

NON keratinized !

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10
Q

on the outside of the lip you will find

A

hair and sweat glands

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11
Q

Red Portion of the lip has high proportion of ? and you will NOT find __ in this zone

what is the red portion of the lip aka

Think RED = blood

A

dermal capilaries

vermillion zone think millions of cappilaries

You will NOT FIND hair or sweatglands

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12
Q

Vermillion Zone is the transition between

A

Keratinized (EXTERNAL Surface and NONkeratinized (INTERNAL Surface)

Think verMILlion-MIDDLE

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13
Q

The External portionof the lip is

A

skin, squamous straified epithelium , hair and sweet glands

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14
Q

Internal surface of the lip is typical ___

the __ is tehterered to underlying ___

A

oral Mucosa

the mucosa is tehterered to underlying MUSCLE at intervals

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15
Q

the three major salivory glands are?

Their main funtion is to

A
  1. PArotid( secretory ducts into the vestibule)
  2. Sublingual ( Floor of the mouth)
  3. Submandibular

Their main funtion is to deliver secretions into the oral cavity

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16
Q

The entrance to the phaynyx is guarded against bacterial invasion by the _____ring.

This ring is composed of

A

Tonsilar ring ; composed of lingual, pharyngeal, and palatine tonsil

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17
Q

The internal surface of the lip has ___ epithelium

it is also called the VESTIBULAR aspect

A

Stratified non keratinized also called lining mucosa

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18
Q

What is this image showing

A

histology of the lip

the internal is non keratinized

notive the sweet glands and hair follicles on the outside portion use this to identify

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19
Q

How many permanent teeth are there

howmany teeth in each dental quadrant

A

32 teeth

8 in each quadrant

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20
Q

How many

  1. Incisors
  2. Canine
  3. Premolars
  4. molars

Name each function

A
  1. 8 Incisors ( for cutting , single root )
  2. 4 Canines ( for grasping (single root )
  3. 8 Pre molars ( for grinding : two roots )
  4. Molars 12( for grining , two/three roots)

remember if counting count up and down rows

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21
Q

Beginning of digestion, involved in destroying food into smaller portions, Saliva does__

A

does chemical and enzymatic attck on food

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22
Q

Front teeth has single root or two root?

A

-single root

Incisors ( think scissors- CUTTING) : 8 for cutting ; single root

Canine for grasping : 4; single roots

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23
Q

Back teeth has one or two roots?

A

two roots

Premolars ( think before molars) : 8 for grinding, TWO ROOTS

Molars : 12 for grinind , TWO ROOTS/3

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24
Q

BEFORE Permanent teeth children have how many baby teeth

A

20 DECIDUOUS aka baby teeth

there are no decidious predcurs for molars ! thats why it is 20 since there are 12 molars !

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25
Q

True or false molars have decidous precursors

A

FALSE

here are no decidious predcurs ( babay teeth) for molars ! thats why it is 20 since there are 12 molars !

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26
Q

Are permanent teeth under the deciduous teet?

A

Yes, Permanent teeth are underneath being made eventually push through and become visable

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27
Q

Identify

A

PM is the permanent molar , NOTICE that there is no precursor dedciuous ! ( no baby teeth for molars)

PC is the permanent canine notic on tope is the dc which is decidious canine that will be replaced !

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28
Q

What are the regions of a tooth

A
  1. Crown=Enamel covered part that extends above gingival (gum) part of the teeth that SHOWS
  2. Root=Cementum ( think there is roots under the cement!) , covered part BELOW the ginigival anchors teeth in the boney (alvelor) socket
  3. NECK= where the enamel and root meet! ( cemento-enalmal junction
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29
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body ?

A

Enamel

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30
Q

The bulk of the tooth is composed of?

A

Dentin, bone like but HARDER than bone with collagen and mineral

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31
Q

Enamel is composed of

A

mostly calcium crystals (99%) , STRONGEST PORTION OF THE HUMAN BODY

Immediately under enamel is DENTIN forms mature of the tooth also hard but not as hard as enamel !

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32
Q

nside of dentin is the __

A

PULP soft tissue , containing capillaries and nerves (sensory)

(root canal- part of the ppulp root !

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33
Q

Cementum is like a________ allows wiggle movement of the teeth but doesn’t allow tooth to come out !

A

Ligament, flexible but sturdy to keep things in place !

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34
Q

Communication between Pulp and the bone ( bottom portion) is done by the bone component called the

A

APICAL FORAMEN

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35
Q

Identiy

A

A Crown

B Root

C Neck ( connecting ) Cemento-enamel junction

  1. Enamel
  2. Dentin
  3. Dentinal tubules
  4. PULP cavity
  5. Gingival
  6. Cementum ( bone layer of the tooth root0
  7. Root Canal
  8. Periodontal Ligament ( anchors tooth in boney socket of jaw )
  9. Apical Formen
  10. Alveolar Bone
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36
Q

Cementum is the ___ layer of the tooth root and attached the tooth to the __

A

Cementum is the BONE layer of the tooth root and attached the tooth to the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT ( periodontist study structures that support the teeth ie gums )

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37
Q

What anchors the tooth in the boney socet of the jaw

continuous with _

A

Periodontal ligament , continuus with gingiva (gums )

continues all the way to the top and meets the gums, roting of some of these things causes cavities ( caries)

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38
Q

Rot in some of these structure cause

A

cavities aka caries

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39
Q

What is FILM of sugar, bacteria and debris ?

A

PLAQUE

, bacteria forming film covering the teeth that can end up producining caries later

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40
Q

What type of calcium is enamel rich with

A

calcium salts cally HYDROXYPATITE

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41
Q

ameloblast produce

A

ENAMEL

AMELoblast = enAMEL!

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42
Q

enamel rods are made of

A

hydroxypatite crystals ( calcium ) form long and tightlly packed rods extending the full thickness of the enamel

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43
Q

When do ameloblast DEGENERATE

A

During tooth eruption !because ameloblast makes enamel becuas it degenerates when tooth comes to the surface , tooth CANnOT REPAIR ITSELF , this means that no further enamel can be made !

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44
Q

Can the enamel part of a tooth repair it self ?

A

No it CANNOT, ameloblast which produce enamel is degenerated once the tooth erupts

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45
Q

Odontoblast gives rise to

A

DENTIN which is 70% hydroxypatite

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46
Q

Odontoblast produce precursor of dentin which is called

A

predentin , matures into Dentin

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47
Q

What compensates for the eroision of enamel which maintains the length of the tooth

A

The adition of cementum

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48
Q

Cementocytes produces?

A

Cementum - provide anchoring on this side of the tooth to the peridontal ligament to the bone

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49
Q

Which nerve fibers are pain sensitive found in the pulp?

A

AFFERENT nerve fibers

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50
Q

How do you access the root canal?

A

Through the apical foramen

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51
Q

As more dentin is laid what happens to the pulp cavity ?

A

It diminishes in size ( size of pulp cavity decreases)

52
Q

Pulp is found immediately below

A

Pulp is more organic, highly vascularized found immediately below the odontoblast

53
Q

what covers the dentin of the ROOT?

A

cementum

54
Q

Identify

this is a cros section so the middle is dentin

A
  1. Ameloblast
  2. Enamel
  3. Dentin
  4. preDentin
  5. ondontoblast
55
Q

Dentin is located

A

in the crown AND the root

56
Q

What are three calcified substance in the tooth

A

enamel, dentin, cementum !

57
Q

Dentin and Cementum both have Type _ collagen fibers

A

Type 1 collagen fibers !

58
Q

cementum, odontoblast and ameloblast both produce throughout tooth life?

A

no only odontoblast and cementum does this, ameloblast degenerates once the tooth erupts

59
Q

Pulp is found in

A

crown of the tooth as the pulp cavity and the root of the tooth as root canal

60
Q

all afferent nerve fibers are

A

pain sensitivie

61
Q

Odontoblast have odontoblast process which extend into___

A

small canals called DENTINAL TUBULES

62
Q

Dentinal tubules house processes of

A

odontoblast , cell responsible for making dentin

63
Q

Nerve bundles and fibroblast are found in the

A

PULP

64
Q

Beneath the odontoblast layer we know is the ___ but there are cell rich and and cell free zones. So bebelow the odontoblast layer in the pulp you will see cell _ zone and then the cell__ zone

A

Beneath the odontoblast layer we know is the PULP but there are cell rich and and cell free zones. So below the odontoblast layer in the pulp you will see cell Free zone ( clear line) and then the cell RICH zone

65
Q

T orF odontoblast dont have a nucleus

A

False odontoblast HAVE a nucleus !

66
Q

when cemetoblast become entrapped they are called

A

cementocytes

67
Q

which regioin of the oral mucosa is closely applied to the neck of the tooth and is attched to the alveloar bone

A

Gingivia ( gums ) remmebr the neck is where the root and and the crown meet ! ( enamel and cementum )

68
Q

what type of epithelium does the gum have

A

stratified squamous “partially” kertainied PARAKERATINIZED

69
Q

Odontogenesis it tooth development , what is the atages

A
  1. dental lamina formation
  2. bud
  3. cap
  4. bell shape
70
Q

The formation of dentin INITIATES which stages ?

And these stages occur in BOTH primary ( decidious) and Secondary ( permamnent ) dentition

A

APPOSITION stage , followed by the ROOT formation and the ERUPTION

71
Q

Identify

A
  1. Dentin
  2. Predtin
  3. odontoblasts
  4. Pulp ( notice fibrblast and that dentin surrounds the pulp!)
  5. Odontoblast process ; Dentin tubulues which secrete Dentin
  6. Odontoblast nuclei
72
Q

Shapeys fibers are?

A

Collagen fibers; Labile tissue sensitive to stress pressures

73
Q

Where are sharpeys fibers anchored and where are they from?

A

Shapey fiber are collagen budles from the periodontal ligaments and anchor to the cementum

74
Q

_____ provides flexibilityand is a shock absorber!, its function is to ? and allows limited movement of the tooth in socket?

A

Periodontal ligament

Function: sends fibers ( sharpey) into cementum which SECURE tooth to bone socket

75
Q

Periodntal ligament is dense or loose connective tissue

A

dense

76
Q

What forms socket for dental roots ?

A

Alveolor bone ( processes) aka woven bone

77
Q

Where is gums bound on the alveolar?

A

Periosteum of the alveolar

78
Q

Identify

and what type of epithelium lines this sturucture

A

Gingival Sulculus ( arrow point specifically to a crevice, Depending how deep they are shows health of gums) is the space between the free gingival (gum) and the crown

Non Keratinized epithelium

79
Q

When does tooth formation begin >

which develops first the root or the crown?

A

Tooth formation begins at 6-7 week gestation /development ( befor ebaby is born) as horse shoe epithelium band - DENTAL LAMINA

Appostition stage is responsible for crown development, Crown develops first ! after the crown is completely formed root formation begins and occurs SIMULTANEOUSLY with eruption!

a. BUD
b. Early Cap
c. Cap
d. bell shape

80
Q

The late stage Dental lamina that forms a bud is the origin of the permanent teeth!

A

Cap stage

81
Q

Origin of the crown

also forms ameloblast and the odontoblast

A

Orginin of the crown is the Enamel ORGAN, forms enamel related structures- ECTODERM

82
Q

What forms dentin related structure and pulp

A

Dental papilla -MESODERM

83
Q

what forms the cementoblasts and periodontal ligament

A

Mesenchyme -DENTAL SAC

Generating other sturcture that surround the tooth line

84
Q

The origin bun for permanent teeth is

A

Dentla Lamina

85
Q

look at the bolds

A

Dental Sac- forms centmenoblast (makes cementum)and the periodontal ligaments ( makes sharpey fibers )

86
Q
  • Bony anterior ( front) of palate which seperates nasal cavity from oral cavity
  • Oral mucosa KERATINIZED TIGHTLY boudond to Periosteum of bone
  • numerous MINOR salivary glands ( mucus secretions)
A

HARD PALATE

87
Q
  • Soft posterior 1/3 of palate which SEPERATES NASOPHAYNX from OROpharynx
  • Uvula ( small conical termination
  • Large number of taste buds
A

SOFT PALATE

uvula is the prjection in the middle near throat

88
Q
A
  1. hard palate in the front 2/3 ANTERIOR
  2. Soft Palate where MOST of taste buds are
  3. Uvula
89
Q

Are taste buds only found on the tongue?

A

NO also found on the soft plate

90
Q

Largest portion in the oral cavity is the ____ and its function is

A

Tounge ; Function: talk, mastication=CHEWING, taste

91
Q

The dorsal portion of the tounge has what type of epithelieum

The tounge is a mass of what type of skeletal muscle

A

the dorsal surface conssit of thick keratinized epithelieum

The tounge is a mass interlacing SKELETAL MUSCLE covered by a mucous membrane

92
Q

Which portion of the tounge has lingual papillae on dorsal surface

A

Oraal portion which is anterior (front) 2/3 of the tounge , the ventralsurface which is the bottom of the tounge is SMOOTH

93
Q

Which portion of the toung has lingual Tonsils ( cobble stone apperence )

A

Pharyngeal prtion ( posterior 1/3 , back near tonsils )

94
Q

What is the V shaped shallow grooove that seperates the palatine and pharyngeal portion of the tounge

A

Sucus terminalis

95
Q

What portionof the tounge has papillae , what are they , and what are the different types

A

The anterior portionof the tounge on the DORSAL surface has lingual papillae , papillae are special elevations or projections

types

Filiform- MOST numerous , Concical shapes spikes , keratinized NO TASTE BUDS

  • Fungifrm - mushroom shape ( think mushrooms are a fungi) near tip of the tounge , few taste buds
  • Circumvallate aka Vallate , LARGE CIRCULAR STRUCTURE with a surrounding MOAT in front of sulcus terminalis - RICH IN TASTE BUDS
96
Q

Most numerous papila? Does it contain Taste buds?

A

Filiform

Filiform- MOST numerous , Concical shapes spikes , keratinized NO TASTE BUDS

97
Q

Where are taste buds located and which type of papillae has the most , are the most or least numerous type of papillae

A

Taste buds are withing the moat base/wall of the Circumvallate aka vallate which has larget concentration of taste bds toward back of tounge!

Taste buds are withing the stratidfied squamous epithelieum of the tounge

Least numerous type of papillae

98
Q

Taste buds are connected with?

A

Sensory innervation , producing differen sensations

99
Q

Taste buds have three different type of cells the majority is _____ and the rest are ____ and ____

Elongated Gustatory cells are taste cells that are lined with ____ which project through an opening called _

A

Taste buds have three different type of cells the majority is Gustatory cells taste and the rest are supportive cells and basal stem cells

Elongated Gustatory cells are taste cells that are lined with MICROVILLI which project through an opening called TASTE PORE

100
Q

Name all four types of taste buds

Which has the highest turnover

A

Basal Cells ( Type IV) : Regerative cells

Dark Cells ( Type I) likely derive directly from basal cells and mature into

Light Cells ( Type II) ;Sesory which have synaptic vesicles and synapse with gustatory nerve fibers

Type III cells undergo apoptosis and Die ( this wasnt mentioned in class)

sensory cells have high turnover rate

101
Q

Number of taste buds increase of decrease with age?

A

Decrease

102
Q

Sensory cells have synatic vesicles and synaps with ?

A

Gustatory nerve fibers !

103
Q

What portions of sensory cell forms taste buds and has TIGHT JUNCTION with microvilli which project into the pore

A

Apical Portions,

104
Q
A

Taste buds located in the moat region of circumvallate . blue showing taste pore and green is the taste bud

105
Q
A
106
Q

How many crypts does each tonsil have?

Where does the minor salivary gland secrete?

What portion of the tongue do lymph nodes aggregate?

A

How many crypts does each tonsil have?

Deep eptihelial pits form ONE crypt per tosil

Where does the minor salivary gland secrete?

Into Crypts ( unique to lingual Tonsils )

What portion of the tongue do lymph nodes aggregate?

Pharnyngeal portion of the tongue

107
Q

Salavia is composed of

A

95 % WATER, everything else is proteins mucus IgA lsysozomes electrolytes

Primarily water

Proteins in mucin group produces mucus

number of enzymes involved in digestions

Electrolytes important for the funtion and stability of the tissues

108
Q

List Salivary Glands

A

Major :

  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual

Two main group

Major

-Produce most salvaia

Also call submanibular/sublingua

  • Encapsulated
  • Secretes on DEMAND not continuously

Parotid GLAND secretes theough salavary DUCT

Sublingual Gland is located under the tounge

Submadibular Gland is beneath the sublingual

Minor

  • everywhere
  • Short ducts
  • Secrete mucus continuously
  • NOT encapsulated
109
Q

Which Salivary glands are encapsolated and non encapsolated? Which secretes mucous continously

what is the location of the types of salivary glands

A

The Major salivary glands 9 parotid submadibular and sublingual are ENCAPSULATED , secretes mucous on DEMAND not continuous)

The minor glands are NOT ENCAPSULATED , secrete mucous continuoulsy ( makes sense since its not encapsulated)

Parotid GLAND secretes theough salavary DUCT

Sublingual Gland is located under the tounge

Submadibular Gland is beneath the sublingual

110
Q
A

Different cells form the acini/acinus

Serous

Or Mucus

Each acinus is surrounded by MYOeptihelium cells ( muscle properties help secretion)

Serous and mucus acinus have different properties

111
Q

What do the plasma cells secrete in Major salivary glands?

A

Secrete IgA

112
Q

Mucous cells secrete ?

Serous cells have an abundance of what type of granules ?

A

Mucin ( lubrication)

Zymogen Granules

serous cells secrete Zymogen granules, secretions rich in water, electrolytes, amylase ( starch break dwn),IgA, Lactoferrin

113
Q

Why is the serous cells dark?

A

Accumulation of the secretory granules

114
Q

What facilitates the movement of salavia ?

A

MYOepthelial cells ( muscle cellls ) surround acinar cells which primary secretion

115
Q

Striated ducts is a stage in salivary secretion which functions by ?

How is does primary secretion happen ?

A

special ducts helping modify salvia in the proper direction and contribute electrolyte transport process

Facilitated by myoepitheial cells by acini

116
Q

What are the two types of secretory control stimulations and are they opposite ?

Which stimuli induces MORE salvia?

A

Para-sympathetic and Sympathetic , both opposite

Parasympathetic

117
Q

Two main nuclei in the brain stem located on top of the spine

A

Two main nuclei in the brain stem located on top of the spine

Superior Salivatory - connects innervation of sublingual and submadibulary

Inferior Salivatory- innervates parotid gland

118
Q

Paotid Duct that opens on inner surface of cheek accross upper second molars is called

A

Stenson duct

pen to the outside through the duct = STENSON DUCT( specific for parotid Gland )

Must know for exam !

119
Q

LArgest slavior gland but produces what percent of salvia

serous or mucin

A

Parotid , 25%, serous ( dark granules )

120
Q

Produces the most amount of saliva than the other glands 70%

Gland is mixded with mostly serous ( dark ) and white portions are the mucus cells ( producing a lot of mucin)

Primarily compund tubuloaveolar ! ( notice half mood)

A

Submandibular glands

121
Q

What is the name of the submandibular ducts

A

Wharton ducts open on the floor of the mouth

122
Q

Produces 5 % salvae

Smalled and ocated in the floor of mouth

Mixed type - MUCOSA Predominated

Bartholin ducs (open posterioly )

A

Predominately white= Mucous dominant produce mucid

Cobound tubularoavelor several connected

Where is the sublingual Gland located?

Floor of the mouth

Does the sublingual Gland produce large amount of salivia

No a small amount, 5%

Is the sublingual mixed?, which is predominate if so

Yes it is mixed, Mucous predominates meaning a lot of mucin produced

Classification structure

COMPUND tubuloaleveolar aka compund tubulo-acinar

What is the name of the duct of the sublingual gland

Bartholin duct

123
Q
A
  1. Compund Acinar
  2. Compund tubular
  3. No capsule
  4. All serous
  5. Mainly serous some mucous ( darker)
  6. mainly mucous some serious (more white)
  7. Rare
  8. Stenson
  9. Whartons
  10. Bartholin
  11. Little to no fat
    1.
124
Q

Which one is on top nasopharynx or oropharynyx

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

What type of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?

A

Nasla is on top just remeber that tha nasal is near nose which is top

What type of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?

Pseudostritified ciliated columnar ! ( RESPITORY)

What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

Stratified squamous epithelium (NON-KERATINIZED)

125
Q

conducts food from oral cavity to esOphagus

Conducts air from Nasal cavities to th eLrynx and trachea

A

orophyrnx

nasopharynx

Hisotology Final (5 decks)

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