ORAL Flashcards
1
Q
Identify
A
- Hard Plate
- Soft plate
- Molars
- Pre Molars
- .Canine
- Incissors
- Vestibule ( external position) space between lips and gums where parotid ducts secrete their product
- Superior (Top) Lip
- Gingivae (gums)
- palatine tonsil ( side)
- Inferior ( bottom ) Lip
2
Q
THREE main spaces of the oral
A
Vesibules : betweens lips and gums
Oral cavity proper
Pharynx which is at the back
3
Q
The entire oral cavity is covered with
A
mucous membrane
4
Q
If the epithelium is keratinized the mucosa is said to be
A
masticatory mucosa
5
Q
Masticatory Mucosa is and covers
A
Masticatory means friction, regions with alot of friction. surfaces such as ie gingiva (gums) hard plate and dorsal surface of the tongue (top)
6
Q
Cells in the oral cavity are usually
A
wet
7
Q
Where is the sublingual area of the mouth ( think SUB)? and this area is very ___
A
Suublingual is the floor of the mouth is very permeable to the system
8
Q
Where is the ventral surface of the tounge ?
is it more or less permeable , is abosorption faster than chewing
A
right under the tounge is the vental surface and is most permeable has fast absorbtion ( remember how u take B-12)
9
Q
Strisfied squamous eptithelium is mostly _____ in the oral cavity
A
NON keratinized !
10
Q
on the outside of the lip you will find
A
hair and sweat glands
11
Q
Red Portion of the lip has high proportion of ? and you will NOT find __ in this zone
what is the red portion of the lip aka
Think RED = blood
A
dermal capilaries
vermillion zone think millions of cappilaries
You will NOT FIND hair or sweatglands
12
Q
Vermillion Zone is the transition between
A
Keratinized (EXTERNAL Surface and NONkeratinized (INTERNAL Surface)
Think verMILlion-MIDDLE
13
Q
The External portionof the lip is
A
skin, squamous straified epithelium , hair and sweet glands
14
Q
Internal surface of the lip is typical ___
the __ is tehterered to underlying ___
A
oral Mucosa
the mucosa is tehterered to underlying MUSCLE at intervals
15
Q
the three major salivory glands are?
Their main funtion is to
A
- PArotid( secretory ducts into the vestibule)
- Sublingual ( Floor of the mouth)
- Submandibular
Their main funtion is to deliver secretions into the oral cavity
16
Q
The entrance to the phaynyx is guarded against bacterial invasion by the _____ring.
This ring is composed of
A
Tonsilar ring ; composed of lingual, pharyngeal, and palatine tonsil
17
Q
The internal surface of the lip has ___ epithelium
it is also called the VESTIBULAR aspect
A
Stratified non keratinized also called lining mucosa
18
Q
What is this image showing
A
histology of the lip
the internal is non keratinized
notive the sweet glands and hair follicles on the outside portion use this to identify
19
Q
How many permanent teeth are there
howmany teeth in each dental quadrant
A
32 teeth
8 in each quadrant
20
Q
How many
- Incisors
- Canine
- Premolars
- molars
Name each function
A
- 8 Incisors ( for cutting , single root )
- 4 Canines ( for grasping (single root )
- 8 Pre molars ( for grinding : two roots )
- Molars 12( for grining , two/three roots)
remember if counting count up and down rows
21
Q
Beginning of digestion, involved in destroying food into smaller portions, Saliva does__
A
does chemical and enzymatic attck on food
22
Q
Front teeth has single root or two root?
A
-single root
Incisors ( think scissors- CUTTING) : 8 for cutting ; single root
Canine for grasping : 4; single roots
23
Q
Back teeth has one or two roots?
A
two roots
Premolars ( think before molars) : 8 for grinding, TWO ROOTS
Molars : 12 for grinind , TWO ROOTS/3
24
Q
BEFORE Permanent teeth children have how many baby teeth
A
20 DECIDUOUS aka baby teeth
there are no decidious predcurs for molars ! thats why it is 20 since there are 12 molars !
25
True or false molars have decidous precursors
FALSE
here are no decidious predcurs ( babay teeth) for molars ! thats why it is 20 since there are 12 molars !
26
Are permanent teeth under the deciduous teet?
Yes, Permanent teeth are underneath being made eventually push through and become visable
27
Identify
PM is the permanent molar , NOTICE that there is no precursor dedciuous ! ( no baby teeth for molars)
PC is the permanent canine notic on tope is the dc which is decidious canine that will be replaced !
28
What are the regions of a tooth
1. Crown=Enamel covered part that extends above gingival (gum) part of the teeth that SHOWS
2. Root=Cementum ( think there is roots under the cement!) , covered part BELOW the ginigival anchors teeth in the boney (alvelor) socket
3. NECK= where the enamel and root meet! ( cemento-enalmal junction
29
What is the hardest substance in the body ?
Enamel
30
The bulk of the tooth is composed of?
Dentin, bone like but HARDER than bone with collagen and mineral
31
Enamel is composed of
mostly calcium crystals (99%) , STRONGEST PORTION OF THE HUMAN BODY
Immediately under enamel is DENTIN forms mature of the tooth also hard but not as hard as enamel !
32
nside of dentin is the \_\_
PULP soft tissue , containing capillaries and nerves (sensory)
(root canal- part of the ppulp root !
33
Cementum is like a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ allows wiggle movement of the teeth but doesn’t allow tooth to come out !
Ligament, flexible but sturdy to keep things in place !
34
Communication between Pulp and the bone ( bottom portion) is done by the bone component called the
APICAL FORAMEN
35
Identiy
A Crown
B Root
C Neck ( connecting ) Cemento-enamel junction
1. Enamel
2. Dentin
3. Dentinal tubules
4. PULP cavity
5. Gingival
6. Cementum ( bone layer of the tooth root0
7. Root Canal
8. Periodontal Ligament ( anchors tooth in boney socket of jaw )
9. Apical Formen
10. **Alveolar** Bone
36
Cementum is the ___ layer of the tooth root and attached the tooth to the \_\_
Cementum is the BONE layer of the tooth root and attached the tooth to the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT ( periodontist study structures that support the teeth ie gums )
37
What anchors the tooth in the boney socet of the jaw
continuous with \_
Periodontal ligament , continuus with gingiva (gums )
## Footnote
continues all the way to the top and meets the gums, roting of some of these things causes cavities ( caries)
38
Rot in some of these structure cause
cavities aka caries
39
What is FILM of sugar, bacteria and debris ?
PLAQUE
## Footnote
, bacteria forming film covering the teeth that can end up producining caries later
40
What type of calcium is enamel rich with
calcium salts cally HYDROXYPATITE
41
ameloblast produce
ENAMEL
AMELoblast = enAMEL!
42
enamel rods are made of
hydroxypatite crystals ( calcium ) form long and tightlly packed rods extending the full thickness of the enamel
43
When do ameloblast DEGENERATE
During tooth eruption !because ameloblast makes enamel becuas it degenerates when tooth comes to the surface , tooth CANnOT REPAIR ITSELF , this means that no further enamel can be made !
44
Can the enamel part of a tooth repair it self ?
No it CANNOT, ameloblast which produce enamel is degenerated once the tooth erupts
45
Odontoblast gives rise to
DENTIN which is 70% hydroxypatite
46
Odontoblast produce precursor of dentin which is called
predentin , matures into Dentin
47
What compensates for the eroision of enamel which maintains the length of the tooth
The adition of cementum
48
Cementocytes produces?
Cementum - provide anchoring on this side of the tooth to the peridontal ligament to the bone
49
Which nerve fibers are pain sensitive found in the pulp?
AFFERENT nerve fibers
50
How do you access the root canal?
Through the apical foramen
51
As more dentin is laid what happens to the pulp cavity ?
It diminishes in size ( size of pulp cavity decreases)
52
Pulp is found immediately below
Pulp is more organic, highly vascularized found immediately below the odontoblast
53
what covers the dentin of the ROOT?
cementum
54
Identify
this is a cros section so the middle is dentin
1. Ameloblast
2. Enamel
3. Dentin
4. preDentin
5. ondontoblast
55
Dentin is located
in the crown AND the root
56
What are three calcified substance in the tooth
enamel, dentin, cementum !
57
Dentin and Cementum both have Type _ collagen fibers
Type 1 collagen fibers !
58
cementum, odontoblast and ameloblast both produce throughout tooth life?
no only odontoblast and cementum does this, ameloblast degenerates once the tooth erupts
59
Pulp is found in
crown of the tooth as the pulp cavity and the root of the tooth as root canal
60
all afferent nerve fibers are
pain sensitivie
61
Odontoblast have odontoblast process which extend into\_\_\_
small canals called DENTINAL TUBULES
62
Dentinal tubules house processes of
odontoblast , cell responsible for making dentin
63
Nerve bundles and fibroblast are found in the
PULP
64
Beneath the odontoblast layer we know is the ___ but there are cell rich and and cell free zones. So bebelow the odontoblast layer in the pulp you will see cell _ zone and then the cell\_\_ zone
Beneath the odontoblast layer we know is the PULP but there are cell rich and and cell free zones. So below the odontoblast layer in the pulp you will see cell Free zone ( clear line) and then the cell RICH zone
65
T orF odontoblast dont have a nucleus
False odontoblast HAVE a nucleus !
66
when cemetoblast become entrapped they are called
cementocytes
67
which regioin of the oral mucosa is closely applied to the neck of the tooth and is attched to the alveloar bone
Gingivia ( gums ) remmebr the neck is where the root and and the crown meet ! ( enamel and cementum )
68
what type of epithelium does the gum have
stratified squamous "partially" kertainied PARAKERATINIZED
69
Odontogenesis it tooth development , what is the atages
1. dental lamina formation
2. bud
3. cap
4. bell shape
70
The formation of dentin INITIATES which stages ?
And these stages occur in BOTH primary ( decidious) and Secondary ( permamnent ) dentition
APPOSITION stage , followed by the ROOT formation and the ERUPTION
71
Identify
1. Dentin
2. Predtin
3. odontoblasts
4. Pulp ( notice fibrblast and that dentin surrounds the pulp!)
5. Odontoblast process ; Dentin tubulues which secrete Dentin
6. Odontoblast nuclei
72
Shapeys fibers are?
Collagen fibers; Labile tissue sensitive to stress pressures
73
Where are sharpeys fibers anchored and where are they from?
Shapey fiber are collagen budles from the periodontal ligaments and anchor to the cementum
74
\_\_\_\_\_ provides flexibilityand is a shock absorber!, its function is to ? and allows limited movement of the tooth in socket?
Periodontal ligament
## Footnote
Function: sends fibers ( sharpey) into cementum which SECURE tooth to bone socket
75
Periodntal ligament is dense or loose connective tissue
dense
76
What forms socket for dental roots ?
Alveolor bone ( processes) aka woven bone
77
Where is gums bound on the alveolar?
Periosteum of the alveolar
78
Identify
and what type of epithelium lines this sturucture
Gingival Sulculus ( arrow point specifically to a crevice, Depending how deep they are shows health of gums) is the space between the free gingival (gum) and the crown
Non Keratinized epithelium
79
When does tooth formation begin \>
which develops first the root or the crown?
Tooth formation begins at 6-7 week gestation /development ( befor ebaby is born) as horse shoe epithelium band - DENTAL LAMINA
Appostition stage is responsible for crown development, Crown develops first ! after the crown is completely formed root formation begins and occurs SIMULTANEOUSLY with eruption!
a. BUD
b. Early Cap
c. Cap
d. bell shape
80
The late stage Dental lamina that forms a bud is the origin of the permanent teeth!
Cap stage
81
Origin of the crown
also forms ameloblast and the odontoblast
Orginin of the crown is the Enamel ORGAN, forms enamel related structures- ECTODERM
82
What forms dentin related structure and pulp
Dental papilla -MESODERM
83
what forms the cementoblasts and periodontal ligament
Mesenchyme -DENTAL SAC
## Footnote
Generating other sturcture that surround the tooth line
84
The origin bun for permanent teeth is
Dentla Lamina
85
look at the bolds
Dental Sac- forms centmenoblast (makes cementum)and the periodontal ligaments ( makes sharpey fibers )
86
* Bony anterior ( front) of palate which seperates nasal cavity from oral cavity
* Oral mucosa KERATINIZED TIGHTLY boudond to Periosteum of bone
* numerous MINOR salivary glands ( mucus secretions)
HARD PALATE
87
* Soft posterior 1/3 of palate which SEPERATES NASOPHAYNX from OROpharynx
* Uvula ( small conical termination
* Large number of taste buds
SOFT PALATE
uvula is the prjection in the middle near throat
88
1. hard palate in the front 2/3 ANTERIOR
2. Soft Palate where MOST of taste buds are
3. Uvula
89
Are taste buds only found on the tongue?
NO also found on the soft plate
90
Largest portion in the oral cavity is the ____ and its function is
Tounge ; Function: talk, mastication=CHEWING, taste
91
The dorsal portion of the tounge has what type of epithelieum
The tounge is a mass of what type of skeletal muscle
the dorsal surface conssit of thick keratinized epithelieum
The tounge is a mass interlacing SKELETAL MUSCLE covered by a mucous membrane
92
Which portion of the tounge has lingual papillae on dorsal surface
Oraal portion which is anterior (front) 2/3 of the tounge , the ventralsurface which is the bottom of the tounge is SMOOTH
93
Which portion of the toung has lingual Tonsils ( cobble stone apperence )
Pharyngeal prtion ( posterior 1/3 , back near tonsils )
94
What is the V shaped shallow grooove that seperates the palatine and pharyngeal portion of the tounge
Sucus terminalis
95
What portionof the tounge has papillae , what are they , and what are the different types
The anterior portionof the tounge on the DORSAL surface has lingual papillae , papillae are special elevations or projections
types
Filiform- MOST numerous , Concical shapes spikes , keratinized NO TASTE BUDS
* Fungifrm - mushroom shape ( think mushrooms are a fungi) near tip of the tounge , few taste buds
* Circumvallate aka Vallate , LARGE CIRCULAR STRUCTURE with a surrounding MOAT in front of sulcus terminalis - RICH IN TASTE BUDS
96
Most numerous papila? Does it contain Taste buds?
Filiform
Filiform- MOST numerous , Concical shapes spikes , keratinized NO TASTE BUDS
97
Where are taste buds located and which type of papillae has the most , are the most or least numerous type of papillae
Taste buds are withing the moat base/wall of the Circumvallate aka vallate which has larget concentration of taste bds toward back of tounge!
**Taste buds are withing the stratidfied squamous epithelieum of the tounge**
Least numerous type of papillae
98
Taste buds are connected with?
Sensory innervation , producing differen sensations
99
Taste buds have three different type of cells the majority is _____ and the rest are ____ and \_\_\_\_
Elongated Gustatory cells are taste cells that are lined with ____ which project through an opening called \_
Taste buds have three different type of cells the majority is **Gustatory** cells taste and the rest are **supportive cells** and **basal stem cells**
Elongated Gustatory cells are taste cells that are lined with MICROVILLI which project through an opening called TASTE PORE
100
Name all four types of taste buds
Which has the highest turnover
Basal Cells ( Type IV) : Regerative cells
Dark Cells ( Type I) likely derive directly from basal cells and mature into
Light Cells ( Type II) ;Sesory which have synaptic vesicles and synapse with gustatory nerve fibers
Type III cells undergo apoptosis and Die ( this wasnt mentioned in class)
sensory cells have high turnover rate
101
Number of taste buds increase of decrease with age?
Decrease
102
Sensory cells have synatic vesicles and synaps with ?
Gustatory nerve fibers !
103
What portions of sensory cell forms taste buds and has TIGHT JUNCTION with microvilli which project into the pore
Apical Portions,
104
Taste buds located in the moat region of circumvallate . blue showing taste pore and green is the taste bud
105
106
How many crypts does each tonsil have?
Where does the minor salivary gland secrete?
What portion of the tongue do lymph nodes aggregate?
How many crypts does each tonsil have?
Deep eptihelial pits form ONE crypt per tosil
Where does the minor salivary gland secrete?
Into Crypts ( unique to lingual Tonsils )
What portion of the tongue do lymph nodes aggregate?
Pharnyngeal portion of the tongue
107
Salavia is composed of
95 % WATER, everything else is proteins mucus IgA lsysozomes electrolytes
Primarily water
Proteins in mucin group produces mucus
number of enzymes involved in digestions
Electrolytes important for the funtion and stability of the tissues
108
List Salivary Glands
Major :
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Two main group
Major
-Produce most salvaia
Also call submanibular/sublingua
- Encapsulated
- Secretes on DEMAND not continuously
Parotid GLAND secretes theough salavary DUCT
Sublingual Gland is located under the tounge
Submadibular Gland is beneath the sublingual
Minor
- everywhere
- Short ducts
- Secrete mucus continuously
- NOT encapsulated
109
Which Salivary glands are encapsolated and non encapsolated? Which secretes mucous continously
what is the location of the types of salivary glands
The Major salivary glands 9 parotid submadibular and sublingual are ENCAPSULATED , secretes mucous on DEMAND not continuous)
The minor glands are NOT ENCAPSULATED , secrete mucous continuoulsy ( makes sense since its not encapsulated)
Parotid GLAND secretes theough salavary DUCT
Sublingual Gland is located under the tounge
Submadibular Gland is beneath the sublingual
110
Different cells form the acini/acinus
Serous
Or Mucus
Each acinus is surrounded by MYOeptihelium cells ( muscle properties help secretion)
Serous and mucus acinus have different properties
111
What do the plasma cells secrete in Major salivary glands?
Secrete IgA
112
Mucous cells secrete ?
Serous cells have an abundance of what type of granules ?
Mucin ( lubrication)
Zymogen Granules
serous cells secrete Zymogen granules, secretions rich in water, electrolytes, amylase ( starch break dwn),IgA, Lactoferrin
113
Why is the serous cells dark?
Accumulation of the secretory granules
114
What facilitates the movement of salavia ?
MYOepthelial cells ( muscle cellls ) surround acinar cells which primary secretion
115
Striated ducts is a stage in salivary secretion which functions by ?
How is does primary secretion happen ?
special ducts helping modify salvia in the proper direction and contribute electrolyte transport process
Facilitated by myoepitheial cells by acini
116
What are the two types of secretory control stimulations and are they opposite ?
Which stimuli induces MORE salvia?
Para-sympathetic and Sympathetic , both opposite
Parasympathetic
117
Two main nuclei in the brain stem located on top of the spine
Two main nuclei in the brain stem located on top of the spine
Superior Salivatory - connects innervation of sublingual and submadibulary
Inferior Salivatory- innervates parotid gland
118
Paotid Duct that opens on inner surface of cheek accross upper second molars is called
Stenson duct
## Footnote
pen to the outside through the duct = STENSON DUCT( specific for parotid Gland )
Must know for exam !
119
LArgest slavior gland but produces what percent of salvia
serous or mucin
Parotid , 25%, serous ( dark granules )
120
Produces the most amount of saliva than the other glands 70%
Gland is mixded with mostly serous ( dark ) and white portions are the mucus cells ( producing a lot of mucin)
Primarily compund tubuloaveolar ! ( notice half mood)
Submandibular glands
121
What is the name of the submandibular ducts
Wharton ducts open on the floor of the mouth
122
Produces 5 % salvae
Smalled and ocated in the floor of mouth
Mixed type - MUCOSA Predominated
Bartholin ducs (open posterioly )
Predominately white= Mucous dominant produce mucid
Cobound tubularoavelor several connected
Where is the sublingual Gland located?
Floor of the mouth
Does the sublingual Gland produce large amount of salivia
No a small amount, 5%
Is the sublingual mixed?, which is predominate if so
Yes it is mixed, Mucous predominates meaning a lot of mucin produced
Classification structure
COMPUND tubuloaleveolar aka compund tubulo-acinar
What is the name of the duct of the sublingual gland
Bartholin duct
123
1. Compund Acinar
2. Compund tubular
3. No capsule
4. All serous
5. Mainly serous some mucous ( darker)
6. mainly mucous some serious (more white)
7. Rare
8. Stenson
9. Whartons
10. Bartholin
11. Little to no fat
1.
124
Which one is on top nasopharynx or oropharynyx
## Footnote
What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?
What type of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?
Nasla is on top just remeber that tha nasal is near nose which is top
## Footnote
What type of epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?
Pseudostritified ciliated columnar ! ( RESPITORY)
What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium (NON-KERATINIZED)
125
conducts food from oral cavity to esOphagus
Conducts air from Nasal cavities to th eLrynx and trachea
orophyrnx
nasopharynx
