Liver Flashcards
What is the largest Gland in the Body?
Liver!
Where is the liver located ?
Under the diaphargm ( intraperitoneal )
In what direction and where does the artery and vein flow in the liver lobule
How does this effect blood from both the artery and the vein ?
BOTH the heptic artery and heptical portal vein flow INTO the sinusoid of the lobule the blood from the vein and ARTERY CONVERGE in the SINUSOID of the lobule ( small white spaces between
FLOW: Both artery and vein flow into the CENTRAL VEIN ( middle ) -> Heptic Vein ( outside the lobue)->Inferior Vena Cava
True or false: The Bile Duct and Lymphatic vessel flow in the same direction into the liver lobule as the artery/vein
FALSE The BILE DUCT and the LYMPHATIC vessels flow in OPPOSITE direction from the the vein/artery.
BILE FLOW OUT to the periphery
Lymphatic fluid FLOW OUT to the portal triad ( drainage)
Lymph flows OUT blood flows IN
Hepatic Lobule of the Liver which has a _____ in the middle, are bound by ___ located at __ and consist of how many structure spefically ?
Hepatic Lobule of the Liver which has a CENTRAL VEIN in th middle ,are bound by Portal Triad located at located the corner of lobules and consist of these 4 structure :
- Portal VEIN
- Heptic ARTERY
- BILE duct
- LYMPHATIC Vessel
Does the central vein exit the live rlobule or remains inside ?
What flows in the central vein ?
The central vein exits the liver lobule !
The blood that mixed in the snusid flows down into the central vein where it exits each lobule
On the periphery of EACH lobule is a ____(30)% and a _____(70 %)
30%-heptic Artery
70%: portal vein
The bile duct is sometimes called ________ or ___. ( bile duct starts out close to the ____)
Sometimes called HERING CANAL(end) or bile canaculi ( carry bile),where bile fluid flows out ( bile duct)
Start out close to the CENTRAL vein and Drains OUT to the periphery !
KNOW :
at the periphyof the lobules bile caculi converge to form hering canal. but bile canaculi doesnt really have its own struucture its lumen is just sealed off SPACE between adjacent hepatocytes joined by zona occludens ( tight Junction)
Blood from _____ and ___ MIX in the sinusoid as the flow toward_____
Heptic artery and portal vein mix in sinusoid as they flow to central vein
Describe the oxygen blood level coming from the the heptic artery and the portal vein?
What is the liver lobule lined with
- Portal vein: oxygen POOR blood
- Heptic Artery Oxygen RICH blood
- liver lobule lined with plate of hepatocytes
Does the liver produce or store bile?
What is bile function
The liver PRODUCES bile and the gallbladder stores it.
bile salst secreted into the intestine EMULSIFY and FACILITATE the digestion of fat
The sinusoidhas HIGHLY fenestrated _____ lining between layers of ____ and also has _____immediates ADJACENT(next to) sinusoid on one side .
The sinusoid has HIGHLY fenestrated ENDOTHELIAL (holes) lining between layers of Hepatocytes and also has space of DISSE immediates ADJACENT(next to) sinusoid on one side .
Where is the space of DIsse in reference to the hepatocyte and sinusoid
Space of DIsss basically in the middle ! right below fenestrated cappilary of the sinusoid the SMALL space inside is the space of DISSE the next surface is the Hepatocyte
What is the main cellular component of the liver and its function?
hepatocyte
function
- plasma protein synthesis
- Bile acid secretion
- Metabolism -takes up glucose which metabolised and and STORED as glycogen
- converst amino acids to glucose (gluneogenesis)
- detox toxins like (billirubin )
What are the cells that are derivied from MONOCYTES and are phagocytic that line the liver sinusoid
The FAT storing cells that line the sinusoid are
Kupffer Cells
Ito cells (EATO-fat) aka lipocytes
Where is this slide from and what is the black and blue
This is from the lobule of the liver
The black is India ink taken up by KUPFFER CELLS lining liver sinusoid
The blue is the lysozomes of the KUPFFER cells lining liver sinusoid
KUPFFER CELLSTAKE UP INK_KNOW
True of Falso the Liver Cannot Regenerate
FALSE the liver have ENORMOUS capacity to regenerate .
80-90% of the liver tissue must become before function declines !
Describe the epithlium for the components of the portal Tract/ PORTAL TRIAD
1 heptic arteriole (small)- one or 2 layers of smooth muscles
- Portal vein biggest vessel with very little tunica media
3 Bile duct lined by SIMPLE cuboidal epithelium ( as most ducts are)
- Lymphatic vessel not specified
What increases the uptake and surface area of hepatocyes , extending into the space of DISSE allowing proteins etc to be absorbed by hepatocytes
the MICROVILLI
ITO cells aka Heptic Stellate cells contain and abundance of ____.
Are ito cells able toproliferate?
Yes , ito cells can proliferate
Describe
Hepatocyes with sinusoid-LIVER
What portion of the hepatocyte forms the bile canculi ( which is not a real defined structure)
What does bile flow though?
Hepatocellular Face
Bile flows through bile canculi
How can you tell that this has glycogen ( remember glycogen is SUGAR)
how long does glycogen last in liver when fasting
Tis a LIVER-PAS staid ( PAS the sugar)
glycogen stains MAGENTA !
most liver glycogen is used up in 24hrs fasting!
In the ____ TOXIC Bilirubin it conjugated by ____ to form water soulble NONTOXIC Bilirubin glucronide , then secreted by bile canculi
In the HEPATOCYTE, TOXIC Bilirubin it conjugated by GLUCTRANFERASE to form water soulble NONTOXIC Bilirubin glucronide , then secreted by bile canculi
this is one of the functions of heptaocytes remember detoxification and excreteing bile salts!
TRUE OR FALSE 90% of bile acids are disposed once they are released by the liver?
FALSE they are recyclesd and recircled once released by liver
Is there a reduction or increease in OXYGEN as you flow FROM PORTAL TRIAD to the CENTRAL VEIN? What effect does this have
There is a REDUCTION In oxygen
This effects theHEPTOCYTES ability to metabolize
this increases hepatocytes ability to glycolysis and fatty acid syn enzymes and
DECREASE Heptaic hormone , fatty acid oxidation enzymes
IGF- Somatromedian are produced predominately in the _____ and stimulate?
Produced in the liver stimulate bone and muscle growth \
stimulate proliferation of chondroblast/cytes
What is happening in the liver based on this slide , when is this usually seen?
Hematopoiesis of the liver
IF there is DAMAGE TO THE BONE MARROW making it not possible for normal hematopoiesis to occur , SECONDARY hematopoiesis can occur in the liver whichis what the slide is showing – THIS IS FETAL FUNTION OF THE LIVER IN 2ND TRIMESTER
small cells basophillic nuclei !
Bilirubin that is transfored to liver is excreted by ?
What happens is Billirubin accumulates in the liver?
excreted by BILE
JUANDICE - causing yellow skin and eyes
What is an example of a specific bile salt that is syn. by hepatocytes and excreted into bile canculi
Chloic Acid
Think Khloe Kardarshian is always the other version 2nd option
How many related ways can the the liver be viewed which emphasizes different hepatocyte acitivy?
what are the ways specifically
Three related ways to view the liver
- The Classic Hepatic Lobule (ENDOcrine Function) : Drains blood from the portal Vein and haptic Artery to the Central vein ( this is the way I alreadyl learned!)
- Portal Lobule (EXOcrine function, flow OUT: Drains BILE from Hepatocyte to the BILE DUCT from THREE clasic lobules toward bile duct in PORTAL triad)–Think PORTAL loubule, going to the bileduct inthe PORTAL TRIAD from THREE (TRI) lobules !
- Portal Acinus : Supplies Oxygenated blood to the hepatocytes ( ZONE 1 most OS, then Zone 2 then Zone 3 has least O2)
WHich liver concept empasizes the DIFFERENT oxygen and nutrient content of blood at DIFFERENT distances along sinusoid
LIVER ACINUS’: zone 1 more o2 and nutrients zone 3 least
As you flow from Zone 1 to ZOne 3 is is there an increase in oxygen concentration
there is a decrese since zone 1 has most o2, zone 3 has the least !
this is the flow from portal triad to central vein
