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Hisotology Final > Gall bladder Pancreas > Flashcards

Gall bladder Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the billary tract

does gall bladder make bile

A

gall bladder that RECIEVES bile from liver

NO gall bladder stores bile !

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2
Q

What opens and closes that controls the flow of secretion from the liver, gall bladder AND the Pancreas into the duodenum?

what does this do SPECIFICALLY

A

Sphincter of Oddi ( think of odi, wanted to control the flow of everything ! )

sphinter of Oddi controls the opening of the Ampulla Vater formed by combinding the Common Bile duct with the Main Pancreatic Duct which controls flw of billiary fluid from gall bladder and panreatic fluids from pancreas

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3
Q

Explain this in detail

is this Extraheptic of Intraheptic

A

EXtrahepti in detail

(lined by simple columnar epthelium )

  1. Right and Left heptic Duct leave the liver and combine to make COMMON HEPTIC DUCT
  2. Galbladder +Cystic duct(which is connected to the gallbladder and drains it) joins the COMMON Heptic Duct to form Common BILE Duct
  3. The Common BILE DucT JOINS THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT to form the AMPULLA of VATER openind —-duodenum

sphinter ofOddi controls ampulla of Vater oppening , cotroling flow of billary fluid

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4
Q

Difference betwen intraheptic and Extraheptic

A

Intraheptic is where the cile CANACULI from the liver get Larger and larger and drain into heptic duct eventually draining into the duodenum

Extraheptic has to do with the ducts combininding eventually making the ampula of Vater

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5
Q

In the _____ portion the INITIAL ductules that RECIEVE bile from the caliculi are sometimes called HEring canals lined by__

A

Intraheptic portion

cuboidal CHOLANGIOCYTES

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6
Q

The hormone secretin stimulates __1___to secrete water and the bicarbonate into bile

_1___lines____

A
  1. CHOLANGIOCYTES

hepatic,elastic, and common bile ducts

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7
Q

In the ____ portion when the Sphinter of Oddi is up the ____ INTO the gall bladder

A

cystic duct is connect to the gall bladder

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8
Q

What store concentrates and realease bile?

A

GALL BLADDER

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9
Q

Bile canaculi that flow into the bile duct

bile ducts are lined by ?

A

Cholangiocytes, simple cuboidal

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10
Q

How are contents of the lumen of the billiary duct alkalized?

What portion does this happen ?

A

By Choangiocytes secreting water and bicarbonate into the lumen

INTRAHEPTIC PORTION

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11
Q

when the sphinter of Oddi ( hepatopancretic sphintcher) is CLOSED what happens to the bile

What Portion does this occur

A

bile BACKS UP into gall bladder , up cystic duct

EXTRAHEPATIC portion

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12
Q

Is the cystic duct closed sometimes or all the time?

A

The cystic duct (connect to gall bladder) MUST be OPENED ALL THE TIMES!!!

This is done by the SPIRAL FOLDS INSIDE the cystic duct keeps it open , the duct can not , can NEVER COLLAPSE , bile must be able to go back in gall bladder the sphinter is closed !

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13
Q

What duct is this and what structure

A

SPRIAL FOLDS of Cystic DUCT , in the middle of cystic ducts keeps it open

Structure: adjacent to gall bladder

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14
Q

What type of epithelium does the gall bladder have

What is its outey layer called

A

SImple COLUMNAR Epithlium

External Adventica ( makes sense because gall bladder seems to be connected to liver but im not usre)

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15
Q

What typeof muscle is present in the gall bladder ?

Why is this important

A

Smooth Muscle

It is the CONTRACTION and RELAXATION of the smooth muscle that facilitates the expulsion of bile from the gall bladder

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16
Q

Is the gall bladder apart of the extraheptic of the intraheptic

is it endocrine or exocride( think what does it do!)

How does the gall bladder concentrate bile ( think what does it mean to concentrate something how is that done )

A

Extraheptic

–I believe intraheptic is just the bile canculi area–

EXOcride: store concentrates and RELEASES bile ( bile came fromthe liver)

Gall bladder concentrate bile through WATER reabsorption from its lumen , release bile through sphinter of ODDI

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17
Q

the lumen of he gall bladder is characterized by?

Name all layes

A

Mucous Folds

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18
Q

The epithelium lining the biliary system does not contain _______.

A

Does dont contain mucus-producing cells

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19
Q

What part othe gall bladder facilitates the expulsion of bile from the gall bladder

A

The smooth muscle

It is the CONTRACTION and RELAXATION of the smooth muscle that facilitates the expulsion of bile from the gall bladder

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20
Q

Emulsify fats is the process of ___

90% of bile is recliamed the 10% is___

A

making fats SOLUBLE in WATER

10% is synthesized de novo

Many of the components of bile are not secretory products of the hepatocytes in a strict sense. They are reabsorbed in the gut and return to the liver through the portal vein.

** not produce (picture) mix bile*

21
Q

Cholcytokinin (CCK) causes smoth muscle in the gall bladder to _____; it also causes the hepatopancreatic sphinter of Oddi to ___

A

CCK - smooth muscle in gall bladder to contract

CCK cause the sphinter of Oddi to RELAXES–OPEN

This means that the gallbladder will push bile out -> down the intesine–deuodenum !

Remeber cystic duct is always open

22
Q

Enteroheptic pathway, what do you think this is vbased on the name

A

Entering the heptic pathway? - CORRECT!

90% of bile acid is REABSORBED especially in the illeum ( last portion of sm intestine ) and RETURED (ENTERS) back to the LIVER, byt the portal vein to the heptacytes !

23
Q

In the Enteroheptic pathway ( CIRCUCLATION) the post reabosrobtion of bile acids tha was excreted into the inttestine happens especially at what part of the small intestine?

A

illieum

24
Q

CCK Hormone, Cholecytokinin issecreted by enteroendocrine ( seen in the intestine (duendel epithelium)

A
25
Q

Liver and the pancreas both develop from

A

Primitive FOREGUT

26
Q

IS the pancreas Endocrine or exocrine and what does it produce?

A

BOTH t is mixed en-exogrland producing DIGESTIVE enzymes and HORMONES

**Islet is endocrine portion**

90%exocrine -pancreatic acini -synthesis and secrete digestive enzymes into intestine!

10%endocrine-Islet of langhrans- scattered through gland , secretes hormones

27
Q

DESCRIBE THE ENDOCRINE AND EXCRINE CELLS IN THE PANCREAS AND WHAT EACH PRODUCES

A

DONT FORGET: F-CELLS PRODUCE PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE

28
Q

What is the structural compoenents of pancreas

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. body
  4. tail

Bondy and tail extend to the hilum of the spleen

head is in the duodenol concavity - may nt need to knwo specific

29
Q

Unique feature to identifi a acini as a PANCREATIC ACINI___cells

Does this cell produce seropus or mucous

These ___cells are located at the end of the intercalated ducts- which function is to ?

A

CENTRO-acinar cells which can be found in the center of the acini – a cell in the center of the acinar! (umen of acinar)

SEROUS

Interculated ducts dran drain various enxymes and fluid

30
Q

What stimulates enzyme secretion from Acinar Cells?

A

Choleytokinin

Also contraction of the gall bladder and relation of the sphincther

31
Q

Acinus int he pancrease is drained by

A

intercalated duct

32
Q

Under the influence of _____centroacinar and intercalated duct cells secrete ______rich fluid that hydrates fluches and alkalizes the enzymatic secreations of acinar

A

influence of secretin

secrete HCO#- rich fluid

33
Q

Which cells in the pancreas exhibit markered POLARITY in their structure

A

Pancreatic acinar cells ( exocrine)

34
Q

T or F

Compared to the major salivary glands the EXOCRINE pancreas has striated Ducts?

A

FALSE

Compared to the major salivary glands the EXOCRINE pancreas DOES NOT have striated Ducts, it has CENTROACINAR cells 9which are not in the slaivary glands! )

35
Q

Of the enzymes (digestive) produced by the each acinar cell of pancrease which is not immediately active?

A

all Digestive enzymes are produced stored and released as inactive proenzymes aka zymogens

Digestive enzymes are released in inactive forms called zymogens. This is necessary to prevent the digestive enzymes from digesting the cells that producethem. In a zymogen, part of the protein blocks the active site of the enzyme. Cleaving off this peptide activates the enzyme.

36
Q
A

A

37
Q

Proteolytic Enzymes ie ( trpsinogen) hydrolyticlly breakdown___. Initially inactive bound to membrane when secreted acinar cells but converted to active when and by?

A

RELEASED from pancreas INTO duodenum , break down proteins aka zymogens

Requires enterokinase to active

38
Q

Pancreatic enzymes are__

A

digestive enzyme–

amylase ( carbs)

lipase(fats)

proteolyic/zymogen -proteins

39
Q

What helps neutralize acidic chyme

A

alakaline fluid rich HCO#

40
Q

Hormones secreted by enteroendocrine of duedum and jejunal mucosa in response togood and gastric ph

A

CCK ( fat rich fod stimulate) enzymerich sectrion by acinar

Secrtin( acidic chyme stimulates) - water bicrabonate secrtion by ductal cells

41
Q

Why is it necessary to prevent the digestive enzymes being active intially

A

Digestive enzymes are released in inactive forms called zymogens. This is necessary to prevent the digestive enzymes from digesting the cells that producethem. In a zymogen, part of the protein blocks the active site of the enzyme. Cleaving off this peptide activates the enzyme.

42
Q
A
43
Q

Endocrine Pancreas cell are___ how do we descripe its feature ?

What does it produce

A

Islet of langerhans

Produces hormones ( exo produce digest enzymes)

Remeber it is like an Island in the middle of cells, lighter stained portion because has less RER

44
Q

What are the different cell types in the islet

A

Alpha cells- glucagon INCREASE blood glucose level

Beta cells- insulin DECREASE bloood glucose level

Delta (gamma) cells- somatostatin ( delta tribe wears satin)– inhibit OTHER islet cells

PPcells (f cells) -secrete pancreatic polypeptide ihibit EXOCRINE pancreas

45
Q

Which endocrine cell may have the ability to inhibit exocrine pancreas

A

PPcells (f cells) secrete pancreatic polypeptide

46
Q

How is insulin formed?

Inuslin initially made of ?

What islet cell produces insulin

A

Insulin initially made of PROINSULIN then a chunck is CLIPPED off

-postranslation changes in RER and gogi before FINAL insulin is formed

b cells

47
Q

What is the difference between beta cells and alpha cells

how do their secretory granules differ

A

Alpha cells- glucagon INCREASE blood glucose level , granules contianglucagon stain darkaand are CIRCULAR

Beta cells- insulin DECREASE bloood glucose level , granules have elongted center not filled irregular shape

48
Q

D cells (gamma) secrete ? what is its functiom

A

Somatostatin which inhibits other islet cells

49
Q
A

Hisotology Final (5 decks)

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