Oral Flashcards
What personal documents do you need to carry with you?
Medical certificate, pilot’s licence, government issued photo ID (passport, driver’s license)
What documents do you need in the plane?
Airworthiness Certificate, registration, radio license(for international only), operating manual/POH, weight and balance
How often is the aircraft registration due?
Every 7 years
When do the medical certificates expire?
First class - ATP privaledges, renew every 12 months, above 40 every 6 months
Second class - Commercial privaledges, renew every 60 calendar months, above 40 every 24 months
Third class - Private, general, student, renew every 60 calendar months, above 40 every 24 months
Limitations expire, but certificate doesn’t expire for 60 months
What is the difference between proficient and current?
Current means you are legally allowed to fly, proficient means you have the skills to still fly
How do you stay current?
You have to have a bi-annual review. Minimum of 1 hour of flight and 1-hour of ground.
what are the requirements to fly with passengers day and night?
Day - 3 takeoffs and landings in the last 90 days
Night - 3 take-offs and landings to a full stop.
When do night landings count vs night time logging?
Time logging- When civil twilight begins to end.
Landing- hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise.
Does the airworthiness certificate expire?
No.
Is the airplane always airworthy?
No. It has to pass the inspections.
What kind of inspections does the airplane need to be airworthy?
Anual every year
Ads checked
VOR every 30 days
100 hour
Altimeter every 24 months
Transponder every 24 months
ELT every 12 months, 1/2 battery life, or 1 hour of cumulative use
Static system every 24 months
What are advisory directives (ADs)?
recalls of aviation from the FAA (mechanic deals with them) Manufacturer notifies teh FAA of it)
What are the different types of ADs?
Emergency, recurring, 1 time only
If you notice the plane is unworthy, is it you responsibility to keep the plane airworthy?
It is the owner’s responsibility to keep the plane airworthy, but it is the PIC decision to decide if the plane is unworthy.
Can you over fly an annual inspection?
Yes, only when you are trying to get it to the inspection place, but only with a ferry permit.
Where do you get a ferry permit from?
FISDO (One in Ankeny)
Can you go over a 100 hour inspection?
Yes, only 10 hours when you are flying it to the mechanic
If the 100 hour is due 1958, when is the next 100 hour due?
2058
How do you know if if VFR, MVFR, IFR, or LIFR?
VFR- 5+ visibility or clouds are above 3000
MVFR - 3-5 visibility or clouds 1000
IFR - 1-3 visibility or clouds 500
LIFR- <1 visibility or clouds below 500
Can you fly with the right strobe light out?
No, it’s the anti-collision lights. USE THE FLOWCHART
What are the 4 forces of flight?
Lift, thrust, weight, drag
What are the 3 axis of the airplane?
Lateral, vertical, longitudinal
What are the primary flight controls?
Ailerons, Elevator/stabilator, rudder. We have stabilator
What is a stabilator?
The whole surface moves. It is a horizontal stabilator
What is the elevator connected to?
The horizontal stabilizer
What is the vertical stabilator?
The tail. Rudder is connected to it
What is adverse yaw?
The upward lift is creating more lift and drag, need to correct with rudder
What are the different kinds of ailerons?
Differential (Archer)- The top wing’s aileron is up more than the bottom down so that it can create more drag on the top since it creates more lift.
Frise- there is a gap that opens on the upward wing to allow air through/ adds drag
Flaperons- flaps and ailerons are combined
How is lift created?
Newton’s third law, Bernoulli’s principle, Coanda effect.
How does Newton’s third law create lift?
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Wind going over the wind creates downward energy and so the opposite reaction is upward.
How does Bernoulli’s principle create lift?
Velocity is inverse to pressure. Fast air travels above the wing and slower air below creating a higher pressure. High pressure wins over the lower pressure on the top, pushing the plane up.
How does the coanda affect create lift?
The air sticks to a surface. After it sticks it creates a downwash pushing the plane up.
What is drag?
The force than opposes thrust
What is form drag?
Form drag is due to the shape of the airplane (wing, fuselage
What is the interference drag?
Is the drag created by intersecting air streams. Wing and fuselage intersection
What is skin drag?
Drag due to bumps, uneven paint job, dents
What happens to parasite drag as speed increases?
Parasite drag increases as speed increases
What is induced drag?
By-product of lift and increases with angle of attack. When aoa increase, the downwash from the vortices hot the wings more and more.
How does induced drag relate to ground affect?
The vortices reduce and hit the ground and induced drag reduces.
What is ground affect?
Reduction of induced drag.
How do you find best glide speed?
Where there is the least amount of drag acting on the airplane. Vg 76
When does a stall happen?
When you reach the critical angle of attack.
What is the angle of attack?
The angle between the relative wind and the chord line
What is CG?
Center of Gravity. The point at which the robot will balnce if suspended on the point
How does temperature change take-off distance?
It increases it.
What things affect density?
Temperature, pressure, humidity
What is the difference between indicated and calibrated airspeed?
Calibrated is indicated corrected for instrument error
Which airspeed will be higher at 8000 ft, true or calibrated?
True because it is corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure.
What is pressure altitude?
Height above the standard datum plane
What is density altitude?
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.
What is the maximum takeoff weight of the Archer?
2550 lbs
What is the maximum ramp weight?
2558 lbs
How do you find the crosswind component on a given day?
Take the difference between the runway and the wind angle. Take the E6B and find the lines with rings chart. Find the angle, then the wind speed, then follow lines to headwind and crosswind components.
VS0
Stalling speed in dirty config. 49
Vs1
Stalling in clean config. 55
Vx
Best angle of climb. 64. distance
Vy
Best rate of climb. 76. time
Vfe
Maximum flaps extended. 102
Va
Maneuvering speed. 89-113
What is stability?
Ability of plane to return to equilibrium after being disturbed.
What are the 3 different kinds of stability?
Static-initial tendency, or direction of movement, back to equilibrium
Dynamic- aircraft response to the change over time
Neutral- once moved, it remains in new condition, positive- will return to the og, negative will keep moving away from og
What instruments use the pitot static system?
Altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator
What is a sensitive altimeter?
An altimeter you can move the knobs to adjust the pressure
What are the gyroscopic instruments?
Heading, attitude, turn coordinator
How does the gyroscopic instruments work?
Vacuum system generates air to spin the gyro. Works because of rigidity and precesion. Turn coordinator is electrically driven
What is rigidity in space?
When something stays in the same orientation even though everything around it moves.
What are the characteristics of our engine?
Direct drive, 4 stroke, normally aspirated, fuel injected,
What is direct drive?
The crankshaft spins the same as the propeller.
What is fuel injected?
Fuel goes directly to the cylinders.
What is the 4 stroke system of the engine?
intake, compression, combustion, exhaust
How do we get fuel to the cylinders?
2 fuel pumps. One electrically driven one and one engine driven one.
How many gallons do we have?
50 total, 48 usable
Do we have any hydraulics?
Yes, the brake system has red, slimey, thick fluid. If leaking, it is very, very bad.
What are the four different left turning tendencies?
P. Factor, torque, gyroscopic procession, slipstream.
How does the left turning tendency p factor work.
Basically the downward propeller has more speed and a greater aoa. So when it slows down it creates the left turning tendency.
How does the left turning tendency of torque work?
This takes Newton’s third law into effect . Because of propeller is spinning to the rights, there’s an equal and opposite reaction felt in the left, which makes the airplane turn left when you add more power.
How does the left turny tendency of gyroscopic precession work?
A force applied is felt 90° ahead of rotation.
How does the turning tendency of slip stream work?
The wake from the propeller hits the left side of the tail, thus yawing the plane to the left.
How does weight affect maneuvering speed?
The lower the weight, the lower the maneuvering speed. When you have a lower weight at a higher speed and you make abrupt changes, you exceed the maximum g factor of the plane. If you have a lower speed when making abrupt changes, you reach the critical angle of attack before you read your critical g factor.
You passed your private pilot checkride on August 4th, 2021. Assuming you don’t take any more checkrides, when do you need to complete your next flight review?
You have until the end of the 24th calendar month to complete your flight review. In this example, you’ll need to complete your flight review by August 31, 2023.
When do you need to use position lights (nav lights)?
You need to use position lights from sunset to sunrise.
You’re flying into a Class D airport and the ceilings are coming down quickly. You pick up ATIS, and the weather is 7SM and 900’ ceilings. You’re a non-instrument rated private pilot. Can you land there?
According to the FARs, you can’t operate VFR within the lateral boundaries of controlled airspace designated to the surface when the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet. What you can do is pick up a Special VFR clearance and land.
If you take friends up for a flight and you’re a private pilot, can they pay for the flight?
Your friends can pitch in, but you need to pay at least the ‘pro rata’ share of flight expenses. For example, if your flight cost $100, and there were 4 of you, you need to pay at least $25.
When would you use pitot heat?
Whenever you think icing may occur.
How are the fuel tanks vented to allow air to replace the fuel used?
First vent is the spiky thing from the bottom of the wing. The second vent is located in the fuel cap: It is an orange rubber “umbrella” in the center of the fuel cap which covers breather holes.
Explain the hemispherical rule.
For cruising, if going East, odd + 500 ft. If West (180-359) even + 500.
What preflight action is required by the FARs? NWKRAFT
NOTAMS
Weather
Known ATC delays
Runway Lengths
Alternates
Fuel
Takeoff and Landing Distances
