Option: Industrial Chemistry Flashcards
Describe a batch process.
In a batch process, the reactants(feedstock) are allowed to react for a fixed time inside a vessel (batch reactor). The reaction takes place under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure for the required time.
Describe a continuous process.
In a continuous process, the raw materials are continually fed in at one end of the plant and the product is continually removed at the end of the plant.
Describe a semi-continuous process.
A semi-continuous process is a combination of a batch and a continuous process.
State 3 advantages of Batch Process.
Since small quantities are being made, the capital cost of the plant is not too high. The same vessel can be used for a range of products. It is easy to cater for slow reactions.
State 3 disadvantages of Batch Process.
Filling and emptying the reactor is time-consuming. Contamination from batch to batch is more likely. The process may be difficult to control in the case of an exothermic reaction.
State 3 advantages of Continuous Process
It is very suitable for large scale production. Long periods of use are possible before shutdown is needed for maintenance. There is a low risk of contamination since only one product is being made.
State 3 disadvantages of Continuous Process.
Very high capital costs to build the plant. The plant is ‘tailor made’-less flexibility in terms of products manufactured. If the plant is not run at full capacity, it may not be cost effective to manufacture the product.
State the 10 characteristics of industrial chemical process.
Feedstock, Rate, Product Yield, Co-products, Waste disposal and effluent control, Quality check, Safety, Costs, site location, Plant construction materials.
Name some of the uses of Ammonia.
Fertilisers, Nylon, Nitric Acid, and other uses (chemicals)
