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Grade 10 Science > Optics > Flashcards

Optics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is light

A

Both a particle and a wave

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2
Q

What is a medium

A

Any physical substance [air, water, dust] that acts as a carrier for the transmission of energy

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3
Q

What is a vacuum

A

Where there is absolutely no medium

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4
Q

What is our source of light

A

The sun

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5
Q

Does light need a medium to travel

A

No

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6
Q

What is light energy transferred through

A

Radiation

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7
Q

What is radiation

A

A method of energy transfer that does not require a medium. The energy that is transferred travels at the speed of light

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8
Q

What electromagnetic wave can the human eye detect

A

Visible light

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9
Q

What is Visible light composed of

A

All the colors of the rainbow

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10
Q

What distinguishes the colors of light

A

The different wavelengths

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11
Q

Which has a higher wavelength; left or right and of the spectrum

A

Right

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12
Q

How do we see color

A

Through rods and cones in our eyeballs

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13
Q

What does Rod do

A

Sensitive to all wavelengths of light a.k.a. colors, gives basic vision, responds to lower amounts of light [dim light ]

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14
Q

What do cones to

A

Response to high mountains of light [BriteLite], gives us color vision, there are three different types of cones which are each sensitive to different colors

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15
Q

What colors are cones sensitive to

A

Red, blue and green

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16
Q

What is a white light composed of

A

Different colors of light

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17
Q

How can they be produced

A

By combining only three colors; red green and blue

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18
Q

What are the primary colors for light

A

Red, blue and green

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19
Q

What happens if you mix to primary colors together

A

You get a secondary color

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20
Q

What happens when light hits an object

A

It can be absorbed, we can be bounced off the object a.k.a. reflected, or can be transmitted and changes directions in transparent objects aka. refraction

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21
Q

What is reflection

A

When light bounces off an object

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22
Q

What is refraction

A

When light changes directions in a transparent object

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23
Q

What is refraction

A

When light changes directions in a transparent object

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24
Q

What Is the subtractive color theory

A

If you subtract all the paint colors then you will get white…. Colors of objects we see depend on what colors of light reflected

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25
Q

How do we create color

A

By using pigments

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26
Q

What is a pigment

A

The chemical the apple of sort some colors of light reflect colours

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27
Q

How do pigments work

A

White light shines on and project in the pigments in that object absorbs some of the colors from the white light reflects the others

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28
Q

Tell how we can see that the grass is green

A

The grass absorbs the red and blue light and reflects the green light

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29
Q

What are the primary colors of pigment

A

Magenta, cyan, yellow

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30
Q

What are the secondary colors of pigment

A

Red blue and green

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31
Q

What are the secondary colors of light

A

Magenta, yellow and cyan

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32
Q

How do we get the color black

A

The object of colors

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33
Q

What is light

A

A form of energy

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34
Q

What is another name for light

A

Electromagnetically

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35
Q

What types of late can we see

A

White light and the visible spectrum

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36
Q

What colors is white light made up of

A

The colors of the rainbow

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37
Q

What is a wave

A

The disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter

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38
Q

What is the highest point in a wave called

A

The crest

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39
Q

What is the lowest place in a wave called

A

A Trough

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40
Q

What is the level between the crest in the trough of the wave called

A

The rest point

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41
Q

What is the symbol of a wavelength

A

A lembdu

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42
Q

What is the wavelength

A

The distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place in the wave

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43
Q

What is the wavelength

A

The distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place in the wave

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44
Q

What is amplitude

A

The wave height or depth from the rest position the lower the amplitude the longer the energy that is carried were transferred

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45
Q

What is frequency

A

The rate petition of a wave. The energy transferred depends on the frequency of the waves as well as the amplitude. The higher the frequency of the more energy is passed along the wave

46
Q

What are the three main properties of waves

A

Wavelengths, amplitude and frequency

47
Q

What is the frequency symbol

A

Hertz “Hz”

48
Q

In simple words what is frequency

A

How many waves pass a point in one second

49
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation

A

The wave pattern be able electric in magnetic fields that can travel through empty space.

50
Q

What happens when the frequency increases

A

The wavelength decreases

51
Q

Give the order of electromagnetic waves

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared visible spectrum, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

52
Q

as you move up the spectrum, what happens to the frequency and wavelength

A

The frequency gets higher and the wavelength gets shorter

53
Q

What is a prism

A

Transparent glass or plastic objects with flat sides

54
Q

What is an optical illusion

A

When we see something that isn’t actually there

55
Q

How are optical illusions creed

A

When differences occur between our perceptions or expectations and the image seen by the eye

56
Q

What are the number one optical illusions caused by

A

Persistence of vision

57
Q

How does persistence of vision work

A

Our eyes have “memory” so when the rods and cones in our highs see too much light, they get overloaded for example camera flash. When the light goes away they still send signals to the brain

58
Q

What are optical illusion caused by atypical patterns

A

Our brain gets used to seeing images often and when we see images that are not typical, our brain gets confused and tries to fit the image we see with the typical images

59
Q

What is refraction

A

The bending of light between two different substances, type of material can cause the light to change directions and cause the object to appear in different locations

60
Q

What is an optical illusion caused by refraction

A

When light reflects and get scattered by different objects. When we see, our brain “knows” how lights works and make sense of what we are seeing’ for example rainbows

61
Q

Do some colors of light bend more than others

A

Yes

62
Q

Do some colors of light bend more than others

A

Yes, which is why they appear in different places

63
Q

Describe the characteristics of images

A

Through salt; size, inversion, location, type

64
Q

What is regular reflection

A

Reflection of light off a flat surface

65
Q

What is diffuse reflection

A

Reflection of light off in a regular or double surface

66
Q

What is an incident ray

A

Where the light comes from [the incoming Ray which meets the mirror at the point of incidents]

67
Q

What is the angle of incidence

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal

68
Q

What is the normal

A

The imaginary line that is perpendicular to the mirror in all directions

69
Q

What is the angle of reflection

A

The angle between the normal in the reflected ray

70
Q

What is the reflected ray

A

Where the light reflects off

71
Q

When does the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection

A

On a normal flat plane mirror

72
Q

What is the point of incidents

A

Where the incident ray and the reflected ray meet

73
Q

What is a plane

A

Any flat surface

74
Q

What is the first law of reflection

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

75
Q

What is the second law of reflection

A

The incident ray reflected ray of the normal are all coplanar [they sit in the same plane]

76
Q

What does the symbol C stand for in the diagram of a curved mirror

A

The center of curvature

77
Q

What is A rule for concave mirrors

A

Any incident ray and is parallel to the principal axes bull be reflected through the focus

78
Q

What does the inside and the outside of a sphere produce

A

Inside produces a concave mirror and the outside produces a convex mirror

79
Q

What are the parts of a concave mirror

A

C for the center of curvature, F for the focus, f for the focal length and V for the vertex

80
Q

What is the principal axes in a spherical mirror

A

The line at which where it meets the mirror is a 90° angle

81
Q

What are characteristic rays of concave mirrors

A

They can be used to predict what images will look like

82
Q

What is a virtual image

A

An image in which light does not actually arrive or come from the image location

83
Q

What is a virtual image

A

An image in which light does not actually arrive or come from the image location

84
Q

Define transparent

A

When a material transmits all or almost all incident with light. These objects can be seen clearly through the material

85
Q

What happens when my travels through a medium

A

Speed of light changes

86
Q

What is light rays called when it is bent

A

refraction

87
Q

What is refraction

A

The bending or change in direction of light when it travels from one medium to another

88
Q

When light travels from here to glass or acrylic what will the angle of incidents be

A

Greater than the angle of refraction [only when coming in on an angle greater than 0°]

89
Q

What happens when light travels from glass or acrylic to air

A

angle of refraction becomes more than the angle of incidence

90
Q

The rules of refraction

A

Light bends towards the normal when the second medium is slower than the first medium and light bends away from the normal one light in the second medium is faster than the first

91
Q

How do you calculate the index of refraction

A

By using Snells Law; n= sin <i></i>

92
Q

Is the speed of light different for each medium

A

Yes but it is always less than the speed of light in a vacuum

93
Q

What is index of refraction for a medium

A

Defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium

94
Q

Does index of a fraction have a dimension

A

No it is a dimentionless quantity

95
Q

What are the two different types of lenses

A

Convex and concave aka converging in diverging

96
Q

For a convex lenses, what will rays coming in parallel to the principal axes do

A

refract through the principal focus

97
Q

In convex lenses, what will raise going through the optical center do

A

Go straight through and have no refraction

98
Q

What kinds of images will concave mirrors and convex lens show

A

Many types

99
Q

What kind of images will concave lenses and convex mirrors show

A

Only one type of image

100
Q

What kind of images will concave lenses and convex mirrors show

A

Only one type of image

101
Q

What is a characteristic for concave lenses

A

Any incident ray parallel to the principal axis will refax as if it had passed to the principal focus

102
Q

What is a critical angle?

A

When the angle of incidence produces a refracted angle of 90° but it only occurs when n1 is greater than n2

103
Q

What is n equal to

A

The index of refraction and

104
Q

How do you find the critical angle

A

sin-1 (n2/n1) or n1sinTheatai=n2sintheata2

105
Q

What happens when an incident ray is less than the critical angle

A

It will refract normally

106
Q

What happens if the incident ray is greater than the critical angle

A

It will have internal reflection and act the way a plane mirror does

107
Q

What happens if H0 is positive

A

It’s above the principal axes and vice versa

108
Q

What happens if H I is above the principal axis

A

The number is positive and vice versa

109
Q

Is DO ever negative

A

No

110
Q

When is DI a real image

A

What the number is positive and it’s a virtual image when the number is negative

111
Q

What if F is positive number

A

But it is a converging lens and if it is a negative number it is a diverging lens

112
Q

What if M is positive

A

Right image and if it is negative that it is an inverted image

Grade 10 Science (5 decks)

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