Optics Flashcards
1
Q
What is light
A
Both a particle and a wave
2
Q
What is a medium
A
Any physical substance [air, water, dust] that acts as a carrier for the transmission of energy
3
Q
What is a vacuum
A
Where there is absolutely no medium
4
Q
What is our source of light
A
The sun
5
Q
Does light need a medium to travel
A
No
6
Q
What is light energy transferred through
A
Radiation
7
Q
What is radiation
A
A method of energy transfer that does not require a medium. The energy that is transferred travels at the speed of light
8
Q
What electromagnetic wave can the human eye detect
A
Visible light
9
Q
What is Visible light composed of
A
All the colors of the rainbow
10
Q
What distinguishes the colors of light
A
The different wavelengths
11
Q
Which has a higher wavelength; left or right and of the spectrum
A
Right
12
Q
How do we see color
A
Through rods and cones in our eyeballs
13
Q
What does Rod do
A
Sensitive to all wavelengths of light a.k.a. colors, gives basic vision, responds to lower amounts of light [dim light ]
14
Q
What do cones to
A
Response to high mountains of light [BriteLite], gives us color vision, there are three different types of cones which are each sensitive to different colors
15
Q
What colors are cones sensitive to
A
Red, blue and green
16
Q
What is a white light composed of
A
Different colors of light
17
Q
How can they be produced
A
By combining only three colors; red green and blue
18
Q
What are the primary colors for light
A
Red, blue and green
19
Q
What happens if you mix to primary colors together
A
You get a secondary color
20
Q
What happens when light hits an object
A
It can be absorbed, we can be bounced off the object a.k.a. reflected, or can be transmitted and changes directions in transparent objects aka. refraction
21
Q
What is reflection
A
When light bounces off an object
22
Q
What is refraction
A
When light changes directions in a transparent object
23
Q
What is refraction
A
When light changes directions in a transparent object
24
Q
What Is the subtractive color theory
A
If you subtract all the paint colors then you will get white…. Colors of objects we see depend on what colors of light reflected
25
How do we create color
By using pigments
26
What is a pigment
The chemical the apple of sort some colors of light reflect colours
27
How do pigments work
White light shines on and project in the pigments in that object absorbs some of the colors from the white light reflects the others
28
Tell how we can see that the grass is green
The grass absorbs the red and blue light and reflects the green light
29
What are the primary colors of pigment
Magenta, cyan, yellow
30
What are the secondary colors of pigment
Red blue and green
31
What are the secondary colors of light
Magenta, yellow and cyan
32
How do we get the color black
The object of colors
33
What is light
A form of energy
34
What is another name for light
Electromagnetically
35
What types of late can we see
White light and the visible spectrum
36
What colors is white light made up of
The colors of the rainbow
37
What is a wave
The disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter
38
What is the highest point in a wave called
The crest
39
What is the lowest place in a wave called
A Trough
40
What is the level between the crest in the trough of the wave called
The rest point
41
What is the symbol of a wavelength
A lembdu
42
What is the wavelength
The distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place in the wave
43
What is the wavelength
The distance from one place in a wave to the next similar place in the wave
44
What is amplitude
The wave height or depth from the rest position the lower the amplitude the longer the energy that is carried were transferred
45
What is frequency
The rate petition of a wave. The energy transferred depends on the frequency of the waves as well as the amplitude. The higher the frequency of the more energy is passed along the wave
46
What are the three main properties of waves
Wavelengths, amplitude and frequency
47
What is the frequency symbol
Hertz "Hz"
48
In simple words what is frequency
How many waves pass a point in one second
49
What is electromagnetic radiation
The wave pattern be able electric in magnetic fields that can travel through empty space.
50
What happens when the frequency increases
The wavelength decreases
51
Give the order of electromagnetic waves
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared visible spectrum, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
52
as you move up the spectrum, what happens to the frequency and wavelength
The frequency gets higher and the wavelength gets shorter
53
What is a prism
Transparent glass or plastic objects with flat sides
54
What is an optical illusion
When we see something that isn't actually there
55
How are optical illusions creed
When differences occur between our perceptions or expectations and the image seen by the eye
56
What are the number one optical illusions caused by
Persistence of vision
57
How does persistence of vision work
Our eyes have "memory" so when the rods and cones in our highs see too much light, they get overloaded for example camera flash. When the light goes away they still send signals to the brain
58
What are optical illusion caused by atypical patterns
Our brain gets used to seeing images often and when we see images that are not typical, our brain gets confused and tries to fit the image we see with the typical images
59
What is refraction
The bending of light between two different substances, type of material can cause the light to change directions and cause the object to appear in different locations
60
What is an optical illusion caused by refraction
When light reflects and get scattered by different objects. When we see, our brain "knows" how lights works and make sense of what we are seeing' for example rainbows
61
Do some colors of light bend more than others
Yes
62
Do some colors of light bend more than others
Yes, which is why they appear in different places
63
Describe the characteristics of images
Through salt; size, inversion, location, type
64
What is regular reflection
Reflection of light off a flat surface
65
What is diffuse reflection
Reflection of light off in a regular or double surface
66
What is an incident ray
Where the light comes from [the incoming Ray which meets the mirror at the point of incidents]
67
What is the angle of incidence
The angle between the incident ray and the normal
68
What is the normal
The imaginary line that is perpendicular to the mirror in all directions
69
What is the angle of reflection
The angle between the normal in the reflected ray
70
What is the reflected ray
Where the light reflects off
71
When does the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
On a normal flat plane mirror
72
What is the point of incidents
Where the incident ray and the reflected ray meet
73
What is a plane
Any flat surface
74
What is the first law of reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
75
What is the second law of reflection
The incident ray reflected ray of the normal are all coplanar [they sit in the same plane]
76
What does the symbol C stand for in the diagram of a curved mirror
The center of curvature
77
What is A rule for concave mirrors
Any incident ray and is parallel to the principal axes bull be reflected through the focus
78
What does the inside and the outside of a sphere produce
Inside produces a concave mirror and the outside produces a convex mirror
79
What are the parts of a concave mirror
C for the center of curvature, F for the focus, f for the focal length and V for the vertex
80
What is the principal axes in a spherical mirror
The line at which where it meets the mirror is a 90° angle
81
What are characteristic rays of concave mirrors
They can be used to predict what images will look like
82
What is a virtual image
An image in which light does not actually arrive or come from the image location
83
What is a virtual image
An image in which light does not actually arrive or come from the image location
84
Define transparent
When a material transmits all or almost all incident with light. These objects can be seen clearly through the material
85
What happens when my travels through a medium
Speed of light changes
86
What is light rays called when it is bent
refraction
87
What is refraction
The bending or change in direction of light when it travels from one medium to another
88
When light travels from here to glass or acrylic what will the angle of incidents be
Greater than the angle of refraction [only when coming in on an angle greater than 0°]
89
What happens when light travels from glass or acrylic to air
angle of refraction becomes more than the angle of incidence
90
The rules of refraction
Light bends towards the normal when the second medium is slower than the first medium and light bends away from the normal one light in the second medium is faster than the first
91
How do you calculate the index of refraction
By using Snells Law; n= sin
92
Is the speed of light different for each medium
Yes but it is always less than the speed of light in a vacuum
93
What is index of refraction for a medium
Defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in that medium
94
Does index of a fraction have a dimension
No it is a dimentionless quantity
95
What are the two different types of lenses
Convex and concave aka converging in diverging
96
For a convex lenses, what will rays coming in parallel to the principal axes do
refract through the principal focus
97
In convex lenses, what will raise going through the optical center do
Go straight through and have no refraction
98
What kinds of images will concave mirrors and convex lens show
Many types
99
What kind of images will concave lenses and convex mirrors show
Only one type of image
100
What kind of images will concave lenses and convex mirrors show
Only one type of image
101
What is a characteristic for concave lenses
Any incident ray parallel to the principal axis will refax as if it had passed to the principal focus
102
What is a critical angle?
When the angle of incidence produces a refracted angle of 90° but it only occurs when n1 is greater than n2
103
What is n equal to
The index of refraction and
104
How do you find the critical angle
sin-1 (n2/n1) or n1sinTheatai=n2sintheata2
105
What happens when an incident ray is less than the critical angle
It will refract normally
106
What happens if the incident ray is greater than the critical angle
It will have internal reflection and act the way a plane mirror does
107
What happens if H0 is positive
It's above the principal axes and vice versa
108
What happens if H I is above the principal axis
The number is positive and vice versa
109
Is DO ever negative
No
110
When is DI a real image
What the number is positive and it's a virtual image when the number is negative
111
What if F is positive number
But it is a converging lens and if it is a negative number it is a diverging lens
112
What if M is positive
Right image and if it is negative that it is an inverted image
