Chemistry Flashcards
What does WHMIS stand for
WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM
What does HHPS
HAZARDOUS HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT SYMBOLS
What are the different categories you can classify a substance into
Pure, mixture, element, compound, homogenius, heterogenius
What is a pure substance`
A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties [example, elements, atoms, molecules, compounds]
What is an element
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means [this is the purest pure substance]
What is a compound
A pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
- made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same
- A chemical formula is included
- can only be separated by chemical means, not physical means
What is a mixture
A combination of two or more pure substances mixed together but not chemically combined
give features of a mixture
Substances how to get there by physical forces, not chemical
No chemical change takes place
Each item retains its properties in the mixture
They can be separated physically
What category is it if it is in the periodic table
Element
What category is it if it has a chemical name
Compound
What category is it if it has two compounds a one phase
A solution
What category is it if it has two compounds into phases
hetero mix
What is a physical property
Describes the physical appearance and description of a substance
What are the categories for physical properties
Boiling or condensation point Melting or freezing point Malleability Ductility Color State Solubility Crystal formation Conductivity
What is malleability
The ability to bent or rolled into sheets without Cumberland
What is ductility
The ability to be stretched
What is a chemical property
Describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance
What are the categories of chemical properties
Ability to burn Flashpoint Behaviour in air Reaction in water Reaction to heating
What is flashpoint
The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will ignite in the air
What is behavior in the air
The tendency to degrade, react or tarnish
What is reaction in water
The tendency to corrode or dissolve in water
What is reaction to heating
The tendency to melt or decompose
What is a physical change
A change of state or form in which a new substance is not formed in you can get the original substance easily
What changes are involved in physical changes
Melting, boiling, evaporation and condensation, crystallization, dissolving
What is chemical change
a change in which a new substances formed and he cannot get the original substance back easily
How do you recognize a chemical change
A new substance is produced, a new colour or oder or taste is produced, heat or light is produced, bubbles of gas are formed, a precipitate is formed
What is a Precipitate
Adding to liquids to get a cloudy color [an insoluble solid]
What are the different parts of an Atom
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What is the symbol of a proton
P
Disassemble the neutron
n the power of zero
Symbol of an electron
e-
What is the charge of the proton neutron electron
Positive, no charge, negative
Where is an electron located
On the outer orbits
How do you calculate The number of neutrons
Mass minus the atomic number [protons]
How to draw a bore Rutherford diagram
Draw nuclear us with the proton and neutron’s in it and the outer orbit with electrons
How to draw the Lewis dot diagram
Draw the element symbol and the number of valence electrons
What is a valence electron
The electrons in the very outer orbit
What direction do periods go
Left to right
What directions do columns go
Up and down
WhatAre the different types of metals
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals
What are the nonmetals
Halogens, noble gases
What do you notice regarding the number of valence electrons in Rose [.]
Electrons go up by one [1 to 8]
Do you notice in regards to the number of valence electrons in columns [families]
Buttons on valence shells all the same
What is an ion
a charged Atom
What is a Cation
Positively charged Atom
What is in anion
Negatively charged Atoms
What is a compound
Two or more elements joined together and one compound
What are the limitations on ionic compounds
Compounds can only be made up of metal and nonmetal
How do you name ionic compounds
Take off the ending and add an IDE, only on the second element
What happens if there are subscripts on the compounds
Nothing when naming them
What is a polyatomic ion
A group of Adams with the net charge that act together as a group
What is a molecular compound
Is formed when nonmetals bond, these electrons are shared sub Yeomans have a full outer orbit
What is a covalent bond
A molecular compound
What’s the difference between a molecular and ionic compound
Molecular shares electrons, compounds give or take electrons
Molecular is made up of nonmetals, compound made up of nonmetal and metal
What is a multivalent I own
And Atom that can have two different valence shells
What is a diatomic molecule
Elements that can be made molecules of themselves
What are the different diatomic molecules
I climbed brickst for our new home
Do you name molecular compounds
Add a prefix if there is more than one Atom to the first number and add a suffix of IDE to the end of the second Element
Add a prefix always to the second one
What are the prefixes of molecular compounds
Mono, die, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa
How to balance equations
Make each element have the same number of sides
What are the different types of chemical reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion
Describe synthesis
a + b = ab
Describe decomposition
ab = a+b
Describe single displacement
a +bc = ac + b
Describe double displacement
ab + cd = ad + cb
What is combustion
The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxide and energy; burning
What does combustion always involve
A fuel burning or reacting quickly with oxygen
What is always a reaction in combustion
Oxygen
What would happen if oxygen was not a reactant
It would not be combustion
What are the products of combustion
Oxide and energy
What do we normally use as fuel
Hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons made up of
Carbon and hydrogen
What are the two types of combustion
Complete and incomplete combustion
What is the general rule of complete combustion of hydrocarbons
General if a lot of oxygen is available, then hydrocarbons can be burnt
What Are the only products of complete combustion
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
What color is the flame of complete combustion normally
Bluish
In general what is the reaction for complete combustion for hydrocarbons
CxHy + O2 = CO2 + H2O + Energy
What happens if you do not have a complete combustion
You end up with the sooty residue [carbon]
When is incomplete combustion occur?
When there is not enough oxygen
In general, what are the products of incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide, carbon [sit], as well as carbon dioxide and H2O
What colors the flame is incomplete combustion normally happens
Orange
What is one of the products of incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide in
What if hydrogen burns with oxygen
They form water and energy
What is the word used to produce hydrogen from water
Electrolysis
What ion is acid contains
Hydrogen
What ion is a base contain
Hydroxide
Is acid and bases water soluble
Yes
What does acid and base taste like
Sour, bitter
What is an acid feel like bass feel like
slimy, slippery
Do both acids and bases conduct electricity
yes
What do acids react with
Metals and carbonate
What do bases react
Protein
Give examples of household acids
Vinegar is [acetic acid], sour foods like lemon [citric acid], Vitamin C [ascorbic acid]
What symbol is an acid normal
H +
Are acids corrosive
Yes
Give examples of household bases
Antacid (al Hydroxide), baking soda [sodium bicarbonate], drain cleaner [sodium hydroxide
What to bases commonly contain
OH-
What is another word for basic
Alkaline
How do you identify if formula is an acid
When the chemical formula sex with H only one other non-metallic element
How do you name acids
Add the prefix ‘Hydro’ and suffix ‘ic’ it in the word acid
How do you name acids with a polyatomic ion
Polyatomic ion and ATE add the suffix ‘ic’ in the word acid
Polyatomic ion ends in its add the suffix ous and the word acid
Do not add Hydro
How do you determine the name of a base
Name The polyatomic ion positively charged metallic I am at the beginning of formula and add the word hydroxide to the end
How do you know if the formula is a base
There isn’t OH at the end of the formula
