Exam Review Flashcards
What is light?
A particle and a wave also a form of energy
What does EM stand for
Electromagnetic
What is the EM spectrum
Levels of energy
What is the order of the EM spectrum
radio waves, micro waves, infrared light, visible, x-rays, gamma rays
What are the 2 colour theories?
Additive and subtractive `
What does the additive theory suggest?
White light is made of different colours (primary=red, green, blue)
What happens if you mix a primaries
you get a secondary
What does the subtractive theory suggest
When all pigments (paint) are subtracted, you get the colour white
How is light produced
When electrons get excited, they move to higher orbits… when they jump back down, that is when light is produced
What is an optical phenomenon
Optical phenomena are any observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter.
Give example of optical phenomenons
Rainbows
What is the reflective law of plane mirrors
- Angle of incidence (<i></i>
What is the normal
imaginary line perpendicular to the mirror in all directions
Parts to a concave mirror
c-centre of curvature F-focus f-focal length V-vertex Principle axis
What is a principle axis
meets the curved mirror at a 90 degree angle
What are the types of mirrors
Plane, concave, convex
What type of image does a concave mirror produce
Real… except when between F and V
Give the SILT of concave Beyond c
Smaller, inverted, between F and C, real
Give the SILT of concave at C
Same, inverted, at C, real
Give the SILT of concave Between F and C
Larger, inverted, beyond C, real
Give the SILT of concave at F
No image
Give the SILT of concave Between F and V
Same, upright, beyond F (other side of mirror), virtual
Give the SILT of concave Far beyond C
Small, inverted, between F and C real ( same as beyond C)
Give the SILT of convex anywhere
Smaller, no inversion, V to F, virtual (for ALL)
What is the equation for index of refraction
n=c/v
What do the letter of n=c/v mean
n=index of refraction
c=speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s. always) in a vacuum
v=speed of light in the medium
When do you use index of refraction equation
GET
What is the other index of refraction equation
n=sin(angle of incidence)/sin(angle of reflection)
When do you use that other index of refraction
when given 2 angles
when refraction occurs
ONLY USE WHEN ONE MEDIUM IS AIR
What equation do you use when given 3 variables? or trying to figure out 2 mystery substances?
n1sin(<i></i>
What does each part represent?
n1=first index of refraction
n2=second index of refraction
What is index of refraction?
ration of the speed of light in a vacuum to a speed of light in that medium
The change in the speed of light (the bending of light)
What units are C and V in
m/s
Does n have a unit
no
What is a refracted ray?
the ray that is bent in the medium
What way does light bend when the 2nd medium is faster than the first
TO the normal
What way does light bend when the 1st is faster than the second medium
AWAY from the normal
What is a critical angle?
Happens with refraction, the angle of incidence that makes a refracted angle of 90 degrees(on the surface)
When does a critical angle occur
When n1 is greater than n2
How do you calculate critical angles
sin-1(n1/n1)
What is total internal reflection
When the incident ray is greater than the critical angle it reflect inwards (plane mirror rules)
When the incident ray is less than the critical angle, what happens
Normal refraction happens
What sits are the same?
Converging lens and concave mirrors
What are the parts to lenses
2F F O F 2F
Do converging lenses bend in or out?
Out
What heroines to rays that go through the optical centre?
Will go straight through with no refraction
What is the SILT of concave lenses (diverging)
smaller, right side up, F and O, virtual
What heroines when an incident ray goes parallel to the principle axis of a Diverging lens
Refracts as if coming from the F of image side
What is the thin lens equation
1/f=1/do+1/di
What is the magnification equation
M=hi/ho=-di/do
Characteristics of metals
Conducts electricity, gives valence electrons
Characteristics of non-metals
No conductivity, keeps.shares electrons
What are the horizontal rows called
Periods
What is an ion
A charged atom
What group of elements is most reactive and why
Alkali-have one valence electron to get rid of
What group of elements is the least reactive and why
Nobler gases- have full valence shells
What ion does it contain (acids and bases)
a-hydrogen
b-hydroxide
Is it water soluble ((acids and bases)
both yes
what does it taste like (acids and bases)
a-sour
b-bitter
What does it feel like(acids and bases)
a-slimey
b-slippery
Do they conduct electricity (acids and bases)
yes
What are the common uses (acids and bases)
a-preserrvative, purifying metals
b-making paper, antacid, window cleaners
What do they react with(acids and bases)
a-metals
b-protiens
What is the word equation for a neutralization reaction
acid + base = salt + water
What are the 5 types of reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion
What is the combustion reaction
C10H8 + 12 O2 —> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
How do you know when it is an acid or a base
a-H+
b-OH-
What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete combustion needs a plentiful supply of air so that the elements in the fuel react fully with oxygen.
Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air or oxygen is poor. Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide.
What is the equation of incomplete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water
What is the equation of complete combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
What colour will be produced in complete and incomplete combustion
complete-bluish
Incomplete-orange
What are the types of formulas
ionic, polyatomic and molecular compounds
How to write ionic formulas
Determine the charges, criss cross them
What is an ionic compound made of
metal and nonmetal
How to name ionic formulas
add ‘ide’ to non-metal
What are covalent/molecular compounds made of
non-metals and non-metals
Are the electrons shared? or taken/given?
Shared
How to name molecular compounds (words)
Add prefix to second non-metal (even if only one)
Add prefix to first non-metal only if more than 1`
How to form molecular formulas (letters)
Add the little numbers if more than 1
How to name polyatomic ions
Add the charge (in little numbers)if more than one… if they both have the sam number, don’t add anything!
