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Grade 10 Science > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is light?

A

A particle and a wave also a form of energy

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2
Q

What does EM stand for

A

Electromagnetic

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3
Q

What is the EM spectrum

A

Levels of energy

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4
Q

What is the order of the EM spectrum

A

radio waves, micro waves, infrared light, visible, x-rays, gamma rays

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5
Q

What are the 2 colour theories?

A

Additive and subtractive `

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6
Q

What does the additive theory suggest?

A

White light is made of different colours (primary=red, green, blue)

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7
Q

What happens if you mix a primaries

A

you get a secondary

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8
Q

What does the subtractive theory suggest

A

When all pigments (paint) are subtracted, you get the colour white

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9
Q

How is light produced

A

When electrons get excited, they move to higher orbits… when they jump back down, that is when light is produced

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10
Q

What is an optical phenomenon

A

Optical phenomena are any observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter.

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11
Q

Give example of optical phenomenons

A

Rainbows

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12
Q

What is the reflective law of plane mirrors

A
  1. Angle of incidence (<i></i>
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13
Q

What is the normal

A

imaginary line perpendicular to the mirror in all directions

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14
Q

Parts to a concave mirror

A 
c-centre of curvature
F-focus
f-focal length
V-vertex
Principle axis
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15
Q

What is a principle axis

A

meets the curved mirror at a 90 degree angle

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16
Q

What are the types of mirrors

A

Plane, concave, convex

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17
Q

What type of image does a concave mirror produce

A

Real… except when between F and V

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18
Q

Give the SILT of concave Beyond c

A

Smaller, inverted, between F and C, real

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19
Q

Give the SILT of concave at C

A

Same, inverted, at C, real

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20
Q

Give the SILT of concave Between F and C

A

Larger, inverted, beyond C, real

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21
Q

Give the SILT of concave at F

A

No image

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22
Q

Give the SILT of concave Between F and V

A

Same, upright, beyond F (other side of mirror), virtual

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23
Q

Give the SILT of concave Far beyond C

A

Small, inverted, between F and C real ( same as beyond C)

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24
Q

Give the SILT of convex anywhere

A

Smaller, no inversion, V to F, virtual (for ALL)

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25
Q

What is the equation for index of refraction

A

n=c/v

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26
Q

What do the letter of n=c/v mean

A

n=index of refraction
c=speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s. always) in a vacuum
v=speed of light in the medium

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27
Q

When do you use index of refraction equation

A

GET

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28
Q

What is the other index of refraction equation

A

n=sin(angle of incidence)/sin(angle of reflection)

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29
Q

When do you use that other index of refraction

A

when given 2 angles
when refraction occurs
ONLY USE WHEN ONE MEDIUM IS AIR

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30
Q

What equation do you use when given 3 variables? or trying to figure out 2 mystery substances?

A

n1sin(<i></i>

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31
Q

What does each part represent?

A

n1=first index of refraction

n2=second index of refraction

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32
Q

What is index of refraction?

A

ration of the speed of light in a vacuum to a speed of light in that medium

The change in the speed of light (the bending of light)

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33
Q

What units are C and V in

A

m/s

34
Q

Does n have a unit

A

no

35
Q

What is a refracted ray?

A

the ray that is bent in the medium

36
Q

What way does light bend when the 2nd medium is faster than the first

A

TO the normal

37
Q

What way does light bend when the 1st is faster than the second medium

A

AWAY from the normal

38
Q

What is a critical angle?

A

Happens with refraction, the angle of incidence that makes a refracted angle of 90 degrees(on the surface)

39
Q

When does a critical angle occur

A

When n1 is greater than n2

40
Q

How do you calculate critical angles

A

sin-1(n1/n1)

41
Q

What is total internal reflection

A

When the incident ray is greater than the critical angle it reflect inwards (plane mirror rules)

42
Q

When the incident ray is less than the critical angle, what happens

A

Normal refraction happens

43
Q

What sits are the same?

A

Converging lens and concave mirrors

44
Q

What are the parts to lenses

A 
2F
F
O
F
2F
45
Q

Do converging lenses bend in or out?

A

Out

46
Q

What heroines to rays that go through the optical centre?

A

Will go straight through with no refraction

47
Q

What is the SILT of concave lenses (diverging)

A

smaller, right side up, F and O, virtual

48
Q

What heroines when an incident ray goes parallel to the principle axis of a Diverging lens

A

Refracts as if coming from the F of image side

49
Q

What is the thin lens equation

A

1/f=1/do+1/di

50
Q

What is the magnification equation

A

M=hi/ho=-di/do

51
Q

Characteristics of metals

A

Conducts electricity, gives valence electrons

52
Q

Characteristics of non-metals

A

No conductivity, keeps.shares electrons

53
Q

What are the horizontal rows called

A

Periods

54
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged atom

55
Q

What group of elements is most reactive and why

A

Alkali-have one valence electron to get rid of

56
Q

What group of elements is the least reactive and why

A

Nobler gases- have full valence shells

57
Q

What ion does it contain (acids and bases)

A

a-hydrogen

b-hydroxide

58
Q

Is it water soluble ((acids and bases)

A

both yes

59
Q

what does it taste like (acids and bases)

A

a-sour

b-bitter

60
Q

What does it feel like(acids and bases)

A

a-slimey

b-slippery

61
Q

Do they conduct electricity (acids and bases)

A

yes

62
Q

What are the common uses (acids and bases)

A

a-preserrvative, purifying metals

b-making paper, antacid, window cleaners

63
Q

What do they react with(acids and bases)

A

a-metals

b-protiens

64
Q

What is the word equation for a neutralization reaction

A

acid + base = salt + water

65
Q

What are the 5 types of reactions

A

Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion

66
Q

What is the combustion reaction

A

C10H8 + 12 O2 —> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O

67
Q

How do you know when it is an acid or a base

A

a-H+

b-OH-

68
Q

What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?

A

Complete combustion needs a plentiful supply of air so that the elements in the fuel react fully with oxygen.
Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air or oxygen is poor. Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide.

69
Q

What is the equation of incomplete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water

70
Q

What is the equation of complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

71
Q

What colour will be produced in complete and incomplete combustion

A

complete-bluish

Incomplete-orange

72
Q

What are the types of formulas

A

ionic, polyatomic and molecular compounds

73
Q

How to write ionic formulas

A

Determine the charges, criss cross them

74
Q

What is an ionic compound made of

A

metal and nonmetal

75
Q

How to name ionic formulas

A

add ‘ide’ to non-metal

76
Q

What are covalent/molecular compounds made of

A

non-metals and non-metals

77
Q

Are the electrons shared? or taken/given?

A

Shared

78
Q

How to name molecular compounds (words)

A

Add prefix to second non-metal (even if only one)

Add prefix to first non-metal only if more than 1`

79
Q

How to form molecular formulas (letters)

A

Add the little numbers if more than 1

80
Q

How to name polyatomic ions

A

Add the charge (in little numbers)if more than one… if they both have the sam number, don’t add anything!

Grade 10 Science (5 decks)

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