Optics Flashcards
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What are the ciliary muscles?
They are a part of the eye attached to the lens that help the movement of the lens to adjust to focus light based on the distance. It contracts when it’s near and relaxes for further distances.
What are cones?
Cones are a type of cell in the eye that are responsible for detecting color. Humans typically have three types of photo pigments in their cone cells — RGB. Each type of cone is sensitive to different wavelengths of visible light. In the daytime, a lemon’s reflected light activates both red and green cones, which allows us to see the yellow color.
What is fluorescence?
A type of light which involves the process of certain materials absorbing electromagnetic radiation and then starts emitting light immediately.
This occurs when fluorescent material absorbs high energy photons which excite the electrons within the material - once excited electrons return to normal state, they release the energy in the form of light.
What is phosphorescence?
A type of light that involves some materials being able to absorb light and re-emit it gradually - materials exhibiting phosphorescence are often called phosphors.
What is chemiluminescence?
A light source created by the mixture of chemicals: Involves chemical reactions producing light without needing heat.
Specific chemicals which are often called “luciferin”
go through a reaction that releases the energy in the form of light.
What is bioluminescence?
Bioluminescence is a type of light used by some organisms. Some examples are (but are not limited to the following): Some algae, some fungi, some jellyfish, and fireflies. This type of light is created by a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction involves luciferins reacting to oxygen in the presence of luciferase, creating light. Deep sea creatures, such as the anglerfish, use this chemical reaction to produce light on their own.
What is additive color theory?
Additive colour mixing: Light being emitted by a source, it is actively being mixed (which is essentially just adding the colors). Primary colors of additive light are RGB (Red, green, blue). A white light is a mix of all of the colors together which is why when being refracted by a prism it shows the colors of the rainbow.
What is subtractive color theory?
Subtractive Colour Mixing: Black is the “color” that absorbs the most light in subtractive color theory, while white reflects the most light. Colored pigments absorb light and only reflect the frequency of the color of the pigment - any color other than the pigment color are absorbed - “subtracting” the colors that aren’t the pigment’s frequency.
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black are used in Subtractive Theory.
Example: Subtractive Theory is used in printing, which uses CMYB.
