opthamology saqs Flashcards
red eye in neonate - consider
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is a cotton wool spot?
Ishcaem ic nerve fibres
Tx options for diabetic retinopathies
- proliferative: intravitreal VEGF inhibitors
- non-proliferative: panretinal laser photocoagulation
loss of central vision on bg of diabetic retinopathy =
maculopathy
stages of hypertensive retinopathy
Risks of cataract surgery (early and late)
Early - po sterio r capsule rupture; late - p o sterio r capsule
opacification
Endophthalmitis: inflammation of aqueous and/or vitreous humour
What is gonioscopy and why is it important for open angle glaucoma
G onioscopy is the m easurem ent o f the iridocorneal angle. It
is im p o rtan t to distinguish betw een open- and closed-angle
glaucom a.
after Dx of open angle glaucoma what is the next most important structure to examine and why
O p tic disc and evidence o f optic disc cupping.
Tx for primary open angle glaucoma
- trabechuloplasty
- Prostaglandins, BBlockers, carbonic anhydrase, miotics
- trabechulectomy
what causes blurred vision in open angle glaucoma?
corneal oedema
definitive Tx of open angle glaucoma?
peripheral iridectomy
who is more at risk for retinal detatchment and why
M yopia, due to th in n in g o f retina as it is stretched over a larger
area.
Tx options for retinal detatchment
C ryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrectom y, scleral buckle, pneum atic
retinopexy.
window to save eyesight in GCA
6h
shingles on nose - significance? what is the name of the sign and what nerve is affected?
N asociliary nerve; m eans th ere will be likely corneal involvem ent,
w ith a loss o f corneal sensation leaving the cornea vulnerable to
abrasion; H u tch in so n ’s sign.
Following panretinal laser photocoagulation up to 50% of patients have
a noticeable reduction in their visual field
Pathophysiology of acute closed angle glaucoma?
blockage of trabecular meshwork by iris at Schlemm’s canal –> impaired aq humour drainage –> rise in intraocular pressure
infant with bacterial conjunctivitis secondary to maternal intrapartum infection, Tx for
chlamydia:
gonorrhea:
chlamydia: erythromycin
gonorrhea: cefotaxime/IM benpen
Cataract RFs
● Increasing age. ● Excessive sunlight. ● Ionising radiation. ● Eye trauma. ● High myopia. ● Recurrent uveitis. ● Corticosteroid use.
What are the 2 types of catarct?
senile, congenital
Complication that occurs within 7 days of catarct surgery?
Endophthalmitis
Mx: IV abx, vitrectomty, steroids
which dermatome is affected in herpes zoster opthalmicus?
opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
in optho, when do you use:
1. topical aciclovir
2. oral aciclovir
- topical aciclovir: herpes dendritic ulcer
- oral aciclovir: herpes zoster opthalmicus
Tx for episcleritis?
topical NSAIDs, lubricating eye drops
the abducens nerve supplies which muscle
lateral rectus
Tx for cranial nerve Vl palsy?
prisms
occlusion
botulinum toxin
Othr than painless vision loss and cherry red spot, what are the other signs on examination of central retinal artery occlusion?
RAPD
visible emboli on fundoscopy
optic disc oedemaa
difference between wet and dry ARMD?
The dry type is the presence of drusen and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy. The wet type is the neovascularisation of the retina and subsequent bleeding.
Retinoblastima Ix
● Ultrasound orbit. ● CT head. ● MRI head. ● Genetic testing.
Retinoblastoma Tx
laser therapy
cryotherapy
radiotherapy
chemotherapy
enucleation
what are the 2 layers of the rrtina
The neurosensory layer containing photoreceptors and ganglion cells and the retinal pigment epithelium.
types of retinal detatchment?
Rhegmatogenous. Tractional. Exudative.
other than ballooning vision loss, what are other symptoms of retinal detatchment?
● Floaters. ● Flashing lights. ● Loss of red reflex.
Tx options for retinal detatchment?
vitrectomy
scleral buckling
cryotherapy
laser photocoagulation
