ininfectious diseases SAQ

Question 1

Kidney vs spleen - how to tell what you’re palpating?

Answer 1

[spleen]
● Palpable notch on the anterior border of the spleen.
● Kidney is ballotable; the spleen is not.
● Unable to palpate the upper edge of the spleen which you are
able to do with the kidney

Question 2

What is seen on blood smear for EBV? Which other viruses can cause it?

Answer 2

Atypical lymphocytes
● Cytomegalovirus.
● Viral hepatitis.
● Human immunodeficiency virus.
● Toxoplasmosis.
● Rubella.
● Mumps.
● Roseola

Question 3

Opportunisitc HIV infections

Answer 3

RECKON:
RecurrentPneumonia
Encepehlopathy
Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Kaposkis sarcoma
Oesophageal/pulmonary candidiasis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

● Oesophageal candidiasis.
● Pulmonary candidiasis.
● Cervical cancer.
● Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
● Cytomegalovirus retinitis.
● HIV-related encephalopathy.
● Kaposi’s sarcoma.
● Mycobacterium avium complex.
● Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
● Cerebral toxoplasmosis.
● Recurrent pneumonia

Question 4

Why is plasmodium vivax prone to re-activation compared to falciparum?

Answer 4

Plasmodium vivax enters a dormant stage as liver hypnozoites.
Hypnozoites do not occur in Plasmodium falciparum infection.
These can reactivate and lead to relapse.

Question 5

How is Hep C transmitted?

Answer 5

● Sexual intercourse.
● Intravenous drug use.
● Blood transfusion.
● Vertical transmission.
● Pregnancy.
● Needle stick injury.
● Use of unsterile equipment.

Question 6

signs of dehydration?

Answer 6

● Reduced skin turgo
● Prolonged capillary
● Sunken eyes.
● Impaired level of co
● Dry mucous memb
● Tachycardia.
● Hypotension.
● Reduced JVP

Question 7

what do NAAT tests stand for?

Answer 7

Nucleic acid amplification tests.