cardio saqs Flashcards
How does aspirin reduce the risk of coronary events?
Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, w hich prevents fu rth er
p ro d u ctio n o f T xA2 (throm boxine) from platelets as they do
n o t have a nucleus, shifting the balance o f P G I2 : T xA 2 tow ards
inhib itin g platelet aggregation
medications to use in acute pulmonary oedema x2
- furosemide
- GTN
Specifically, how and where does furosemide act?
C om petitively inhibits the N a-K -2C 1 co tran sp o rter in the thick
ascending lim b o f the loop o f H en le, dim inishing the osm otic
g radient for w ater reabsorption.
Other than an early diastolic murmur, give three signs of aortic
regurgitation
C ollapsing pulse, w ide pulse pressure, displaced apex beat,
D u ro ziez’s sign (fem oral diastolic m urm ur), Q u in ck e’s sign
(nail-bed capillary pulsation), T rau b e’s sign/pistol sh o t fem orals
(‘pistol sh o t’ sound over fem oral arteries), C o rrig an ’s sign (carotid
pulsation), de M u sset’s sign (head nodding), A ustin F lin t m u rm u r
(m id-diastolic m u rm u r heard in severe aortic regurge due to
fluttering o f th e an terio r m itral cusp).
examination findings for pericarditis
- pericardial rub
- muffled/quiet HS
- raised JVP (if pericardial effusion)
which drugs can provide symptomatic relief for pericarditis?
NSAIDs and colchicine
what is the cardinal Ix to do in pericarditis?
Echo - to rule out pericardial effusion and hence cardiac tamponade
causes of HF
- IHD
- valvular disease
- cardiomyopathy
What is the most likely cause of the sudden collapse in cardiomyopathy?
transarrhytmia
State three indicators of severe aortic stenosis.
● Quiet/absent A2.
● Left ventricular failure.
● S4.
● Narrow pulse pressure.
Which cardiac medication should be avoided in aortic stenosis?
Nitrates
Tx for when Pt with AS is unable to undergo surgery for valve replacement?
balloon valvuloplasty
Give two examples of vagal manoeuvres
● Blowing into a syringe.
● Carotid massage.
● Coughing.
● Immersing face into cold water.
