Opthalmology

Question 1

what is a central scotoma?

Answer 1

area of central vision loss

- occurs in dry RAMD and optic neuritis

Question 2

third nerve palsy

Answer 2

eye looking down and out, fixed dilated pupil, proptosis and ptosis

Question 3

fourth nerve palsy

Answer 3

eye looks upwards, vertical diplopia, cannot look down and in, head tilted

Question 4

sixth nerve palsy

Answer 4

horizontal diploplia, eyes medially deviated and cannot move laterally from midline, convergent squint

Question 5

SE of chloramphenicol

Answer 5

aplastic aneamia, allergy, grey baby syndrome

Question 6

Cause of endophthalmitis

Answer 6

staph epidermidis

Question 7

young people with bilateral, chronic conjunctivitis

Answer 7

chlamydia

Question 8

Seidel’s test

Answer 8

tests for corneal laceration

- apply fluorescein dye, it if appears diluted then there is a lek

Question 9

contact lens ulcer

Answer 9

acanthomoeba

Question 10

bruised retina

Answer 10

commotio retinae

Question 11

glaucoma treatment

Answer 11

1. latanoprost
2. beta blocker/ carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
3. alpha blockers eg brimonide
4. parasympathomimetics eg pilocarpine

Question 12

SE of latanoprost

Answer 12

brown pigments on iris

Question 13

SE of pilocarpine

Answer 13

constricted pupil, headache, blurred vision

Question 14

do rods or cones allow seeing in dim light?

Answer 14

rods

Question 15

do rods or cones have high visual acuity?

Answer 15

cones

Question 16

are rods or cones localed in the fovea?

Answer 16

cones

Question 17

do rods or cones have high light sensitivity?

Answer 17

rods

Question 18

Visual tract lesion in the occipital cortex causes which visual loss

Answer 18

a macular sparing defect on the opposite side

Question 19

Visual tract lesion in the temporal lobe causes which visual loss

Answer 19

quadrantopia affecting opposite side

Question 20

When light rays are focused in front of a patient’s retina they require corrective lenses. Which type of lens is required?

Answer 20

concave (myopic)

Question 21

Does high or low calcium predispose to cataracts?

Answer 21

hypo

Question 22

Give an example of a prostaglandin analogue used in glaucoma

Answer 22

latanoprost

Question 23

Differenciate orbital and pre-orbital cellulitis

Answer 23

orbital cellulitis has reduced visual acuity, proptosis and pain with eye movements

Question 24

non-painful red eye, watering and mild photophobia

Answer 24

episcleritis