Opthalmology Flashcards
what is a central scotoma?
area of central vision loss
- occurs in dry RAMD and optic neuritis
third nerve palsy
eye looking down and out, fixed dilated pupil, proptosis and ptosis
fourth nerve palsy
eye looks upwards, vertical diplopia, cannot look down and in, head tilted
sixth nerve palsy
horizontal diploplia, eyes medially deviated and cannot move laterally from midline, convergent squint
SE of chloramphenicol
aplastic aneamia, allergy, grey baby syndrome
Cause of endophthalmitis
staph epidermidis
young people with bilateral, chronic conjunctivitis
chlamydia
Seidel’s test
tests for corneal laceration
- apply fluorescein dye, it if appears diluted then there is a lek
contact lens ulcer
acanthomoeba
bruised retina
commotio retinae
glaucoma treatment
- latanoprost
- beta blocker/ carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- alpha blockers eg brimonide
- parasympathomimetics eg pilocarpine
SE of latanoprost
brown pigments on iris
SE of pilocarpine
constricted pupil, headache, blurred vision
do rods or cones allow seeing in dim light?
rods
do rods or cones have high visual acuity?
cones
are rods or cones localed in the fovea?
cones
do rods or cones have high light sensitivity?
rods
Visual tract lesion in the occipital cortex causes which visual loss
a macular sparing defect on the opposite side
Visual tract lesion in the temporal lobe causes which visual loss
quadrantopia affecting opposite side
When light rays are focused in front of a patient’s retina they require corrective lenses. Which type of lens is required?
concave (myopic)
Does high or low calcium predispose to cataracts?
hypo
Give an example of a prostaglandin analogue used in glaucoma
latanoprost
Differenciate orbital and pre-orbital cellulitis
orbital cellulitis has reduced visual acuity, proptosis and pain with eye movements
non-painful red eye, watering and mild photophobia
episcleritis
