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NMF: Year 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Which insulin is given once a day?

A

basal (long acting) eg LANTUS

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2
Q

Which diabetic drug is weight neutral?

A

DPP4 inhibitors eg sitagliptin

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3
Q

What does strawberry milkshake coloured blood indicate?

A

hyperlipidaemia

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4
Q

What biochemistry is seen in Paget’s?

A

normal Ca and phosphate

high ALP

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5
Q

What biochemistry is seen in osteomalacia?

A

a low calcium, low serum phosphate and high serum alkaline phosphatase.

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6
Q

How do you treat pagets?

A

biphosphonates eg risedronate

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7
Q

How do you treat osteomalacia?

A

vitamin D therapy with calcium and phosphate

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8
Q

What is seen in bone mets?

A

high ca, osteoclast proliferation, bone pain

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9
Q

What hormone do you test for fertility?

A

progesterone

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10
Q

What biochemistry is seen in primary hyperparathyroidism ?

A

inc Ca, dec phosphate, inc ALP, inc PTH

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11
Q

What biochemistry is seen in secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

dec ca, inc phosphate, inc ALP, inc PTH

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12
Q

Tuning fork for diabetic foot

A

124 Hz

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13
Q

treat endometrial polyps

A

myomectomy

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14
Q

Diagnosing a DKA

A

ketonaemia (>3mmol/l) or 2++ on urinalysis
blood glucose >11
bicarbonate <15
venous pH<7.3

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15
Q

When is kussmauls breathing?

A

compensating for metabolic acidosis

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16
Q

Managing DKA

A

0.9% saline
50 units human soluble insulin (Actrapid or humulin)
potassium replacement
10% glucose 125ml

17
Q

What is hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome?

A

a complication of T2DM seen in older people

  • very high glucose without ketoacidosis
  • very dehydrated
  • osmolality >320
18
Q

Treat HHS

A

0.9% saline given slowly
potassium
insulin?

19
Q

Manage hypoglycaemia

A

conscious –> 10-20g glucose

unconscious –> 10% 150mls glucose or 200-300mls of 10% dextrose

20
Q

Patient on metformin, with renal failure, is hyperventilating, confused and in stupor/coma
with reduced bicarbonate and raised phosphate

A

LACTIC ACIDOSIS

- stop metformin, give fluids and antibiotics

21
Q

When is metformin contraindicated?

A

GFR<30

22
Q

Hyperthyroid + painful neck swelling

A

thyroiditis

23
Q

Which hormone is raised acutely during breastfeeding and induction of labour?

A

oxytocin

24
Q

Which type of neuropathy would cause a patient with T1DM to vomit after large meals?

A

Autonomic nerve dysfunction

gastroparesis

25
Q

Which hormone can cause poor brain development if deficient in utero?

A

thyroxine

26
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause pain in the foot?

A

peripheral

27
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause charcot foot?

A

peripheral

28
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause bowel changes?

A

autonomic

29
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy causes reduced hypoglycaemic awareness?

A

autonomic

30
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause leg weakness?

A

proximal

31
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause foot drop?

A

focal

32
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause weight loss?

A

proximal

33
Q

Which type of diabetic neuropathy would cause increased sweating?

A

autonomic

34
Q

features of an addisonian crisis

A

Hyponatraemia
Hyperkalaemia
Hypoglycaemia

35
Q

rate of insulin in DKA

A

0.1 unit/kg/hour

36
Q

What effect does diabetes insipidus have on plasma and urine osmolality?

A

high plasma osmolality

low urine osmolality

37
Q

Which patient is more likely to develop diabetes

a) impaired fasting glucose
b) impaired glucose tolerance

A

B

38
Q

Which type of cancer is there increased risk of with MODY?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

39
Q

Diabetic with bloating after meals + erratic blood sugar

a) what is it?
b) how is it managed?

A

a) gastroparesis

b) metoclopramide

NMF: Year 2 (12 decks)

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