Opthalmology

Question 1

Acute narrowing of anterior chamber angle associated with prolonged pupillary dilation

Answer 1

Angle closure glaucoma

Question 2

Treatment of this ophthalmologic disorder includes ophthalmic artery thrombolysis.

Answer 2

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 3

Sudden onset of blurred vision, eye pain; examination demonstrates a hard, red, painful eye with nonreactive pupil and increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

Answer 3

Angle closure glaucoma

Question 4

Most common cause of permanent bilateral visual loss in the United States

Answer 4

Macular degeneration

Question 5

Gradual increase in IOP with progressive eye pain, colored halos in visual field, and peripheral vision loss

Answer 5

Open angle glaucoma

Question 6

Sudden, painless unilateral blindness; slowly reactive pupil and cherry red spot on fovea; associated with temporal arteritis

Answer 6

Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 7

Ophthalmologic disorder that must be treated emergently by lowering the IOP with acetazolamide; pilocarpine may be used once IOP is lowered.

Answer 7

Angle closure glaucoma

Question 8

Ophthalmologic disorder more common in African Americans, age >40 years, and diabetics

Answer 8

Open angle glaucoma

Question 9

Definitive therapy for this ophthalmologic disorder is laser iridotomy.

Answer 9

Angle closure glaucoma

Question 10

Loss of night and central vision; examination may show retinal pigment epithelium elevation or hemorrhagic changes.

Answer 10

Macular degeneration

Question 11

“Blood and thunder” appearance of fundus

Answer 11

Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 12

Ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, anhidrosis

Answer 12

Horner syndrome (interruption of the unilateral sympathetic system)

Question 13

Unilaterally dilated pupil with slow response to light and accommodation

Answer 13

Adie’s pupil (postganglionic parasympathetic lesion)

Question 14

Small pupils that fail to react to light, but with accommodation preserved

Answer 14

Argyll-Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

Question 15

Pupil is unreactive to direct light, but has intact consensual reflex.

Answer 15

Marcus Gunn pupil (afferent pupillary defect)

Question 16

Pupil fixed and dilated, ophthalmoplegia, and contralateral hemiparesis

Answer 16

Uncal herniation

Question 17

Eye is positioned “down and out.”

Answer 17

Third cranial nerve lesion

Question 18

Vertical diplopia

Answer 18

Fourth cranial nerve lesion

Question 19

Weak abduction of eye

Answer 19

Sixth cranial nerve lesion

Question 20

Upper quadrant anopsia (location of the lesion?)

Answer 20

Contralateral optic radiations in the temporal lobe

Question 21

Bitemporal hemianopsia (location of the lesion?)

Answer 21

Optic chiasm

Question 22

Homonymous hemianopsia (location of the lesion?)

Answer 22

Contralateral optic tract

Question 23

Monocular blindness (location of the lesion?)

Answer 23

Ipsilateral optic nerve

Question 24

Lower quadrant anopsia (location of the lesion?)

Answer 24

Contralateral optic radiations in the parietal lobe

Question 25

Homonymous hemianopsia with ocular sparing (location of the lesion?)

Answer 25

Contralateral occipital lobe