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Deja reivew USMLE 2 > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sumatriptans, ergot alkaloids, and opiates may be used as abortive therapy.

A

Migraine

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2
Q

Associated with nausea/vomiting (N/V), photophobia, phonophobia

A

Migraine

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3
Q

β-Blockers, calcium channel blockers, ergots, antidepressants, and depakote are used for prophylaxis.

A

Migraine

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4
Q

Classic symptoms include unilateral frontotemporal cephalgia with aura and visual symptoms (eg, scintillating scotoma).

A

Migraine

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5
Q

Ipsilateral tearing, conjunctival injection, Horner syndrome, and rhinorrhea

A

Cluster

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6
Q

Pulsatile or throbbing headaches

A

Migraine

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7
Q

May be precipitated by hormonal factors (eg, oral contraceptive pills [OCPs] or menses) and emotional or metabolic stress

A

Migraine

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8
Q

history of Allergies

A

Sinus Headache

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9
Q

Most common type of headache in adults

A

Tension headache

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10
Q

Pathophysiology may relate to the effect of serotonin on cephalic blood vessels.

A

Migraine headache

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11
Q

Patients often have a family history (FH) of headaches.

A

migraine

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12
Q

Symptoms are often eradicated by 100% O2 by facemask or serotonin agonists (sumatriptan).

A

cluster

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13
Q

Unilateral boring periorbital headache worst in the temporo-orbital region

A

cluster

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14
Q

Vise-like, tightening bilateral pain associated with photophobia, phonophobia, and neck tightness

A

tension

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15
Q

4/1 F/M incidence (headache)

A

Migraine

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16
Q

Approximately 95% of these headaches occur in males

A

Cluster

17
Q

What are the seven red flags (suggesting serious underlying pathology) in the diagnosis of headache?

A
  1. Sudden onset of severe headache
  2. Headache beginning after straining, Valsalva, sexual activity, or awakens patient from sleep
  3. Headache that is persistent and worsening over a period of weeks or months
  4. Headache associated with focal neurologic findings or a change in mental status
  5. Headache associated with meningeal signs (including nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski’s or Kernig’s sign)
  6. Headache associated with fever
  7. Headache in a patient who has never experienced a headache before
18
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Young, obese female w/ papilledema, negative CT/MRI

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension)

19
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Positive Brudzinski’s sign

A

Meningitis

20
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

“Worst headache or my life”

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

21
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Inflammatory systemic illness in elderly; symptoms include unilateral headache in temporal region, eye pain, and vision loss

A

Temporal arteritis (giant cell)

22
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

High number of polymorphonuclear cells in CSF

A

Meningitis (bacterial)

23
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Blood in the CSF

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

24
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Large doses of Vitamin A or tetracyclines

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

25
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Medical emergency treated with steroids

A

Temporal arteritis

26
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Brief episodes of pain in the fifth cranial nerve distribution

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

27
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

Initial treatment options include acetazolamide and diuretics

A

pseudotumor cerebri

28
Q

What cause of headache is classically associated with the following:

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

temporal arteritis

29
Q

What are the common situations in which a lumbar puncture (LP) is contraindicated?

A

Acute head trauma or signs/symptoms of intracranial hypertension—in these settings, a lumbar puncture should be performed only after a negative head CT or MRI.

30
Q

What is the risk of performing an LP in the setting of acute head trauma?

A

Uncal herniation and death

31
Q
A

Deja reivew USMLE 2 (14 decks)

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