Opposition: Ideas And Ideologies Flashcards
What problems did Nicholas II cause for himself when rejecting the petition to set up an advisory body.
This encouraged more radical liberals to establish the Beseda symposium in 1899 and meet in secret to discuss matters of liberal interest such as judiciary reforms and universal education. In 1900 when the government dismissed liberals from the government they joined the Beseda symposium.
What was the Union of liberation
In 1903 founded by Stuve who had come from the Marxist movement opposing its movement of violence. He believed Russia needed a period of peaceful evolution in which to adapt its new industrialising status. He wanted to out in a system where urban workers could campaign legally for better working conditions. Having limited political influence before 1905.
The liberals were the main beneficiaries of the revolution in that year when one if their aims was achieved.
The state Duma was established.
What was agrarian socialism
Taking estates from landowners and dividing the land between the peasants to be farmed communally. This was a new idea revived after the great famine, which highlighted the needs to reform he rural economy.
Who murdered Bogolepov in 1901
Bogolepov (minister of education)
Was murdered by a student rebel. His revenge killing one support from fellow students and several thousands gathered in front of Kazen cathedral in the students support. Although it was broken up by the police, 60 injures and 800 arrests
What did the social revolutionaries put forward to the peasant and workers
That there ideas were the same so they should work together to destroy the autocracy and bring about land redistribution. This set the Srs apart form the Marxists as they used the concept land socialisation instea dog land nationalisation.
Developed a large national base with large peasant membership 50% of their supporters were from the urban working class
What were the tactics of the socialists revolutionaries
How did the play a part in the 1905 revolution
Tired to stir up discontent in the countryside and strikes in the towns. And distrusted the government by political assassination promoting political terrorism. Carrying out 2000 political assassinations between 1901 and 1905.
1905- developed a full programme in 1905 and formed separate combat organisation that attracted students. They carried out the assassination of the prime minister Stolypin in 1911.
They maintained killing and violence over the years but the secret police foiled some activities. 4579 socialist revolutionaries were sentenced to death between 1905-1909 and 2365 were actually executed.
What was the influence of Marxism and the development of the social democratic workers party
Industrial take off helped Marxist theories more attracting to Russian intellectuals from the late 1890s. A number of discussion circles, workers organisation and illegal trade unions were attracted by Marxist ideas.
Social democratic- 1898
What was the first congress of the Russian social democrats
Launch of the new party. Only 9 delegates were present. They chose there comity and produced a manifesto which asserted that the working class had been exploited and that the future Russia would be the product of class struggle. The manifesto stated that the demands for change had to come from the working men themselves.
What failed at the first social democratic congress
It was broken up by the okhrana agents who arrested 2 of the 3 elected committee. Lenin ( as a student) became attracted by the Marxist ideas and came to play a prominent role in the party.
What happened at the second social democratic congress
1903 - Brussels
Lenin argued in favour of strong disciplined organisation of professional revolutionaries to lead the proletariat. Dedicated to revolutionary only.
However others like Martov believed the fast should be to develop a broad party with a mass working class membership. Saw members cooperating with other liberal parties.
Lenins supporters became the Bolsheviks and Martov party became the Mensheviks (minority)
What was the differences between the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
- awaited the bourgeois revolution that they believed have to precede the proletarian revolution.
- had to come from the workers themselves
- membership should be open to all the party’s and the party should work though the trade union.
- follow democratic procedures feared that the approach other the Bolsheviks could lead to dictatorship.
Bolsheviks
-suggested that the bourgeois and proletarian revolution could happen together
- believed they had to evacuate the workers to lead them to revolution
- membership should be restricted
- control in the hands of the central committee.
What did the state do in fear of the independent working class
What did this lead to
497 trade unions were closed down
604 were denied registration between 1906-1910
Bitter resistance of employers. Strikes- fines, lockouts and blacklists
