Nicholas II And The Challange To Autocracy

Question 1

How could tsar Nicholas be described

Answer 1

Small, naturally reserved and regarded by his father as a Dunce and a weakling. He even referred to Nicholas as girlie .
Nicholas had excellent manners, a good memory and could speak several languages.
When his father died in 1894 is told his cousin how he wasn’t ready to be tsar, he never wanted to become one and he knew nothing in the business of ruling.

Question 2

Who was Nicholas I Tutor

Answer 2

Pobedonestev

Question 3

How did Nicholas continue during his reign.

Answer 3

Committed to the orthodox to ensure the church maintained its powerful influence.
Continued Russification
Supported the black hundreds organisation ensuring that Nicholas was no more popular with the ethnic minorities than his father.

Question 4

Why could it be said that Nicholas’s I reign did not begin well

Answer 4

May 1896- attracted by the promise of free food, drinks and gifts, crowds gathere on Khodynka Field just outside Moscow to celebrate Nicholas I coronation. However in the crush to see the new Tsar and his wife, Alexandra around 1400 men women and children were trampled to death and others were badly injured. The coronation and dancing went ahead as if nothing has happened although Nicholas later visited the hospital where the injured had been taken and gave money to the families of those who had died

Question 5

What were the demands for change when Nicholas I first took the thrown and how did the government react

Answer 5

The tsarists failure to solve the problems of the great famine meant that the zemstva and voluntary organisations had to deal with the mess. This meant that there was a greater public missed trust of the government and a firmer belief in the power of ordinarily members of society playing a role in national affairs.

There was new outburst of trouble in Russian University. These were met by the increase use of the OKhrana whose role was to ensure rebellious young people were expelled exiled or drafted into the Army. For example a squadron of mounted Cossacks charged into a crowd of students in Saint Petersburg killing 13 and in the aftermath of the incident 1500 students were imprisoned in the Peter and Paul fortress.

Question 6

What is the year of the red Cockrell

Answer 6

1903-1904
This nickname refers to the leaping flames which resembled a roosters comb. Unrest in Russia was at its worst between landlords and peasants. Peasant set fire to the landlord barns is destroying grain or vented their anger by seizing Wood land and pasture or even physically attacking landlord and officials.

Question 7

What was the ‘Stolypin’s necktie ‘

Answer 7

The government’s reaction to the year of the red Cockrell. The Tsars minister stolypin aggravated the situation further. Peasants were flogged arrested and exiled or shops in their thousands.

Question 8

How did strikes increase from 1894 to 1905

Answer 8

In 1890 for industrial strikes numbered around 17,000 in 1904 strikes were around 90,000

Question 9

What was put in place in 1900 and 1904 to control illegal union

Answer 9

Sergi vasilevich zubatov began organising his own police sponsored trade union with the approval of the governor general of Moscow. The idea was to provide official channels through which complaints could be heard in an attempt to prevent workers joining the radical socialist. This only lasted till 1903. However another union of the Zubatov model the assemble of Saint PetersBerg factory workers was formed in 1904 by father Gapon. This was supported by Nicholas’s Minister for internal affairs and had the support of the Orthodox church. It had around 8000 members.

Question 10

Who was father Gapon

Answer 10

And Orthodox priest and prison chaplain, working in the working-class districts of Saint Peterberg. Believing he had a divine mission to help workers he began organising workers unions from 1903 but remained loyal. He escaped with his life after the bloody Sunday March 1905, he spent time in exile supported by socialist revolutionaries. He was found murdered in March 1906.

Question 11

Why did the Russo-Japanese war happen and what happened as a result

Answer 11

Plehve is accredited with encouraging the Tsar to respond to a Japanese assault on the Russian far eastern Naval base in 1904. However the Russians really had very little idea of their enemy of their inadequacies of their own forces. Running a war 6000 miles from the capital was never going to be easy and a series of defeats turned the initial surge of anti-Japanese patriotism into one of the opposition to the government.
When Plehve was assassinated in July 1904 crowds in Walsall turned out to celebrate on the streets. There were renewed cries for a representative national assemble. Mirsky who replaced Plehve agreed to invite zemstvo representatives to come to Saint Petersburg for discussions. All he would consent was an expansion of rights of the zemstva.

Question 12

What happened on bloody Sunday, 9 January 1905. How did this occur

Answer 12

On 20 December after a long sees the Russian forces in Port Arthur surrendered to the Japanese. The humiliation added to the growing discontent and on 3 January 1905 a strike began at the Putilov iron works in Saint Petersburg, which soon involved around 150,000 workers. Father Gapon to whose union many of the strikers belonged decided to conduct a peaceful march to the Tsars winter palace in the centre of Saint Petersburg is on Sunday, 9 January. Gapon wished to present a petition to Nicholas the second demonstrating the work is loyalty but also we questing reform. Although Gapon was warned of the likelihood for trouble the march went to head. Wow Nicholas chose to spend the weekend at his summer palace or 12,000 troops were used to break up the demonstration the day became known as bloody Sunday and it’s sparked an outbreak of rebellion which spread throughout the Empire

Question 13

What were Duma’s

Answer 13

Analeptic governing assembly; estate on national Duma is usually capitalised, while a town Duma is all lowercase.

Question 14

When did Nicholas finally agree to meet the workers representatives

Answer 14

On February 4 following the assassination of The grand duke Sergei, this Tsar’s uncle.

Question 15

What state was the Russian Empire by 1905

Answer 15

Seemed to be near to total collapse. There was strikes and demonstrations in all the major cities, peasant all risings throughout the countryside and demands for independence from the Poles, Finns, Latvians and other minority groups

Question 16

What was the October manifesto and what did it promise

Answer 16

It promised; next line to grant civil freedom
To establish a state Duma so allowing a voice to all classes of the population
To give the State Duma the power to approve laws.

Question 17

What happened as a result of the October manifesto

Answer 17

Strikers went back to their factories. In the final months of 1905, the Jews suffered in terrible pogroms while gangs were sent to round up and flog the peasants in a bid to restore order.
On 3 December, the headquarters of Saint Petersburg Sylvia was surrounded and its leaders arrested and Exiled to Siberia. This weekend the revolutionary movement in the capital and gradually the authorities regained control.

Question 18

What were the fundamental laws regarding the new construction of the Duma’s

Answer 18

This is our plan the right to:
To Veto legalisations
To rule by decree in an emergency or when the Duma was not in session
To appoint and dismiss government ministers
To dissolve the Duma as he wished
To command Russia’s land and sea forces
Can you play war, conclude peace and negotiate treaties with foreign states and control all foreign relations
To control military and household expenditure is
To overturn verdicts and sentences given in a court of law
To control the Orthodox church

Question 19

How many do Duma’s were there between 1905 and 1917

Answer 19

Four

Question 20

Who were the social Democratic workers party

Answer 20

Founded in 1898
Committed to Marxism
Split into Bolsheviks Led by lemon believed in discipline centralisation organisation and the role of the proletariat
and the Mensheviks Believed in cooperation with the bourgeoisie and liberals rather than peasantry and the use of legal channels of opposition

Question 21

Who were the socialist revolutionaries

Answer 21

Founded in 1901. Lead by Chernov Favoured populist ideas of redistribution of land and nationalisation. Leftist party favourite terrorism to achieve aims

Question 22

Who were the Trudoviks

Answer 22

Labour group
Nonrevolutionary break away from the social revolutionaries. The party of moderate liberal views but with no formal program. Favoured nationalisation of non-peasant land, domestic representation, a minimum wage eight hour working day. Supported by peasants and intelligentsia.

Question 23

Who were the leaders

Answer 23

Constitutional democrats
Led by Milyukov. A central liberal party which favoured a constructional monarchy with Parliament government. For civil rights, compulsory redistributing of large private estates with compensation and legal settlement of workers distributes.

Question 24

Who were the Octoberists

Answer 24

Leader included Guchkov.
A moderate conservative party that I accepted the October manifesto and oppose further concession to workers or peasants. Supported by wealthy landowners and industrialists.

Question 25

Who were the progressives

Answer 25

I loose grouping of businessmen who favoured moderate reform

Question 26

Who were the rightists

Answer 26

They included the union of Russian people.
Leaders included Purishkevich
The union of Russian people was extremely right wing, favouring monachism, orthodoxy, anti-Semitism. Promoted via axe on the left wing and programs through its Street fighting included gangs such as the black hundreds. Other rightists shared conservative views but were less extreme.

Question 27

Who were at the Nationalists and religious grouping

Answer 27

Polish, Georgians, Muslims.

All seeking rights and greater independence.

Question 28

Talk about the first Duma

Answer 28

May to July 1906
The first tumour was boycotted by the Bolsheviks, the social revolutionaries, and the extreme right wing union of the Russian people. It was therefore overwhelmingly radical-liberal income position with a third of the new deputies coming from the peasantry. It was strongly critical of the Czar and his ministers and this brought about Wittes p resignation. He was replaced by Ivan Giremykin, an old fashion Conservative.

The Duma past the abolishing of the State Council, universal and direct mail suffrage, the abandonment of the emergency laws, the abolishment of the death death-penalty, and the reform of the civil service.

The first two molested 10 weeks

Question 29

Talk about the second Duma

Answer 29

February to June 1907
The second Duma attracted more of the left-wing as the Bolsheviks the Mensheviks and the social revolutionaries decided to participate. Stolypin struggled to find any support for the agrarian reform program he had drawn up and resorted to passing legalisations under the Tsar’s emergency powers. When the Duma refused to accept these, he spread a story about a plot to assassinate Zara and resolve the Duma. The Weight of the peasants, workers and is national minorities was drastically reduced.

Question 30

Talk about the third tumour

Answer 30

November 1907 to June 1912
Ama submissive tumour which agreed 2200 of approximately 2500 government proposals. However, it is a sign of how unpopular the tsarist regime is had become that even this tumour proved confrontational. In 1911, the Duma had to be suspended twice, the government forced through legalisations under emergency provisions. It was clear that the Duma system was not working

Question 31

Talk about the fourth Duma

Answer 31

1912 to 1917

New prime minister after stolypin was assassinated in 1911. Nicholas simply ignore the Duma and its influence declined.

Question 32

What political developments had been made by 1914

Answer 32

The autocracy had largely recovered from the events of 1905. stolypin has helped restore order in the countryside. In August 1906 he established court martials to deal with crimes deemed to be political in intent.
Stolypin created a radical reform of agriculture as the best strategy for resisting revolutionary demands.
Agriculture improved but the Duma’s weakened to the point of meaningless.
Opposition groups where much weekend because of police activity.

Question 33

Who was Rasputin and who did he interest

Answer 33

A self styled Faith healer. Rasputin drifted to Saint Petersburg in 1903, claiming special spiritual powers and found a receptive audience at a time when an interest in Spiritualism was strong and monks those of high Society Who preferred to turn their back on political problems.
Alexandra Saw Rasputin as a man of God sent to answer to her prayers.

Question 34

What good had come from Russia by 1914

Answer 34

As a result of bloody Sunday it was fair to say that the czarist regime is fall stop the introduction of tumours, the policies of Witte and Stolypin all marked major advantages.